جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گفتمان » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Criticism of new historicism has been formed in opposition to traditional historicism. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, new historicism believes in the mutual influence of literature and history on each other. The story of Bahram and Golandam is one of the remarkable poems in Kurdish literature, which are called "Beit". Beits are syllable-weighted folktales recited by beit readers. It can be said that there are some similarities between the stories of Bahram and Golandam and Zal and Rudabeh. Therefore, it is possible to measure these two stories with each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-comparative approach, we have tried to give a reading of the two stories in question based on the concepts of new historicism. The findings show that although both stories are apparently romantic and the conflicts are about love and marriage; But inside the story, power and discourse interests are fundamental issues. Every discourse tries to maintain its political and social interests.

This study endeavors to show the dominant values, ideology and modality of “The Pear Tree”. Values, ideology and modality within the discourse is interrelated, and modality can be useful to analyze the production of values. Value analysis in this short story is related to three distinctive fields. First, social reality representation within discourse is value laden. That is, each conceptual system is full of values which implicitly affect people. Second, speakers with positive identities can create values. Third, implicit values in context evoke emotions. These values are identified within discourse of the narrative. Moreover, values, attitudes and power relationships beyond them are depicted within this short story. Therefore, contextual analysis is combined with intertextual forms to analyze values. Then the related motivational values are illustrated as binary counterparts.

Agents and social actors play an important role in the formation of discourse, hegemony of power, thinking in society and consequently a literary work, and the author can refer to their role in the work in two ways: omission and statement. The methods that depend on the social conditions of the society and the level of power of the agents are fluctuating. In the light of van Leeuwen's discourse theory and relying on the representation and non-representation of social agents in the literary work, this article looks for the functions and social themes and the underlying themes of the text, and to achieve this goal, it examines the novel Al-Qandus by the Saudi writer "Mohammed Hassan Alwan". , to criticize and evaluate the context of the emergence of social agents in this work. Literary works produced in authoritarian and suffocating conditions are very important in terms of analysis and processing based on the theories of discourse analysis, and it is possible to discover the technical features and the underlying but efficient foundations of the work. The result shows that Alwan has used the element of omission more than expression, considering the same atmosphere of tyranny in Saudi society, and these omissions are done consciously but with the assumption that the intelligent audience will understand the author's intention. Also, the methods of declaring identity or naming in accordance with the culture have been used for more irony and criticism.

A branch of disability studies, rather than the biological aspect of the body, illness and disability, is concerned with disability representations, the politics of care and body care, symptomatic reading (understanding, interpretation and evaluation) and its medical, moral, social and cultural models. In ableism discourse, disability is generally characterized by negative stereotypes. Most of the proverbs, ironies, folklore, stories contain negative schemas and metaphors about disability. In ableism discursive systems, disability is influenced by moral and religious (punishment, sin), political, cultural and ideological concepts and is associated with concepts such as shame, othering, abjection and exclusion, evil, ugliness and sin. In the stories of One Thousand and One Nights, the identity of disabled people is generally associated with concepts such as evilness, fear, shame, pity, humiliation, mockery and inauspiciousness, touching the taboos, spells, and magic. In all over the book, we can recognize marked and Grotesque bodies. In most stories, positive characters and heroes are beautiful and physically healthy, while negative characters, anti-heroes, afārīt, and genies are described as having physical defects. The research method of this article is discourse analysis, although theories related to the body, illness and disability have also been used due to the text and the problem.

condensed Discourse in words or text causes the formation of a semantic process, and this semantic process seeks to discover the mutual foundations and intertwining of signs with each other. Semantics considers the word as a coherent and meaningful collection in which there is a directed flow. Language also has different semantic angles, only a part of which emerges in the form of discourse, and it is necessary to get close to elusive meanings to reach the evolutionary stages of dynamic discourse, which this article tries to do by examining some of the stages of language evolution in Chirag's novel. Zoya Pirzad's work evaluates the elusive meanings in this novel with a descriptive-analytical method based on the study and analysis of data.Zoya Pirzad tries to force the active factors in the novel to move and dynamism with a gentle movement and deduce the desired result from it. The descriptive form of the novel has become the slowness of dynamic discourse and discourse transformation.

The emotional system is one of the discourses that is examined in the frameworkof the sign semantic model. in this system, the flow of means production is linked to perceptual sensory conditions of the passoniate and the signs- meanings are transformed into dynamic and muitydimensional forms. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to explain the role of the mentioned process in the style of the passoniateˈs presence  and the evoluation of discours conditions, based on the method of the sign- semantic discourse ,while explaining the emotional process of the story “Al-less va  Al-kelb “. Findings show, in the story of Al-less and Al-kelab, the emotional system is based on passions. The emotions and passions in the novel, of which anger and despair are the most prominent, have created the emotional system of discourse based on a meaningful and logical flow. The occurrence of two events in a passionate life, betrayal of loved ones and failure to avenge betrayers, has played an important role in transforming the discourse by influencing emotions, as well as, fundamentally changing the text. In the initial partes of the text, the emotion of anger while causing a continuous and dynamic presence of passion, cause the value of revenge in the discourse. In the final partes, the feeling of despaire leads to isolation and passionate absence from the scene of events and the value funection of the text has changed from revenge to surrender.

Modern historicism is one of the theories in the field of literary criticism and one of the sub-branches of post-structural criticism, which was founded by Steven Greenblatt in the late seventies and early eighties. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, modern historicism believes in the two-sided influence of literature and history on each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-descriptive approach, we have tried to examine the story of Qubad Pirouz in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the criticism of modern historicism, identify and analyze its discourses, and finally get a new meaning from it. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that there are five discourses in Qabad's story, whose conflict with each other forms the basis of the narrative and moves it forward. The identified discourses are: Qabad, Blash, Sokhrai, Mazdak and Mobdan discourses. Each of these discourses gain power in a period of time and are placed in the center; But the amount of friction is such that they are pushed from the center to the margins again. All in all, in this research, an effort has been made to get a new understanding of the story by analyzing the relationships between the discourses and shedding light on the dark corners of the story.

Comparative discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics focusing on comparative study of languages, cultures, and discourses in terms of similar linguistic and metalinguistic variables in the construction and monitoring of discourse (Linha, 2022). Monitoring discourse is the analysis of strategies in planning, distribution, production, and utilization of language to create coherence and relevance between units of discourse by the creative, innovative, and flexible way of application of discourse markers (DMs) in human communication (Mohammadi and Dehghan, 2021). This explorative, descriptive, and qualitative study analyzed coherence relations in “Modire Madreseh” by Jalal Aleahmad and “The Old Man and The Sea by Hemingway. DMs are the most frequent, complex, and creative meta-linguistic elements in human communication (Sayadkooh and Reisi, 2017). Their utilization in discourse is not random and they perform different cultural social and pragmatic functions facilitating human communication (Fraser, 2006). Theoretically, DMs are defined and analyzed from two perspectives: relevance theory by Sperber and Wilson (1995) and coherence theory by Glansberg (2018). And the assumptions include: all text possess coherence, there are different types of coherence relations in texts, and these coherence relations should be discovered by the people in discourse. Approaching DMs functionally, Redeker (2006) believes that DMs’ main function is establishing relationship between units of discourse. From a semantic perspective, Fraser (2006) analyzed DMs at sentence level and believes that they establish the relationship between messages in the former, present, and latter sentences. Aijmer (2013) concludes that DMs do not possess fixed lexical functions and their functions are contexts-dependent and context-sensitive resulting in different functions in discourse. Empirically, DMs are investigated in different languages skills such as writing, speaking, listening and translation by different investigators. This exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study analyze coherence relations in two Persian and English literary works. Theoretically the study was supported by coherence theory in discourse analysis and the following analysis models established within this theoretical perspective: DMs inventory developed by Fraser (2006) and DMs functional inventory by Brinton (1996). Coherence theory centers around the appropriacy of concepts in terms of their relationship in the context of discourse. The corpus consisted of the following two Persian and English novels: “Modire Madreseh” by Jalal Aleahmad and “The Old Man and The Sea by Hemingway and these novels where selected due to the similar literary genre, similar readability levels, and close date of publication in two literary discourses. Moreover, to verify the reliability of the findings 20% the data were given to two raters to verify the researchers’ identification and classification of DMs and their functions. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the construction of coherence relations between units of discourse was substantiated based on a four plane framework established by four groups of inferential, elaborative, contrastive, and temporal DMs in monitoring discourse. And the most frequent DMs were elaborative DMs. The qualitative analysis of the pragmatic functions of DMs applied in these literary works resulted in the following seven plane spectrum of functions for DMs: information indication, temporality, topic switch, opening markers, closing markers, turn exchange, and reform markers. This creative, flexible, and innovative approach in the construction and interpretation of discourse is substantiated through the application of pragmaticalization. So, new, creative, and context sensitive inferences about functions are substantiated for DMs and they are always being renewed, modified, and innovated substantially. Different implications in different research and educational perspectives about teaching literature, language, and different languages skills are suggested and discussed.

In semiotic-semantic analysis, narrative discourse is one of the most important branches of discourse analysis, which has many theories. One of the most important theorists is Grams, who proposed two systems of superstructure and deep structure for the meaning creation process. According to this theory, in every narrative story, components such as discursive connection and disconnection, positioning, effective verbs, point of view, coexistence and substitution process, homogenous categories and types of discourses of action, shushi, aesthetic, shisha, semantic square and tension are achieved during a process that They study the discovery of the fundamental constructions of the meaning making process; The problem of the upcoming research is to explore how the process of creating meaning through the interaction of discourse systems in the superstructure system and the deep system of story construction. And also investigating the issue of what role do moral themes, characterization and mythology play in the depth of the story in the process of creating meaning in order to change the value function of the discourse and the flow of value that the actor and Shoshgar depend on? The assumption is that the role of the action process in changing the conditions of transformation of discourses by affecting the belief and changing the type of feeling of the actor, affects the process of discourse and transforms its value function. In such a way that the narration turns to the active discourse with Shushi's discourse, and again the Shushi system is transformed and its gender becomes aesthetic agnanimous

Discourse analysis is a new, and quite interesting, branch of linguistics that deals mainly with the analysis of language interactions. Among different topics discussed in discourse analysis, Grice’s four maxims form an important topic especially when it comes to analyzing linguistic interactions of various types. Each maxim (quality, quantity, relation and manner) has its own meaning. An important point is that violation of these maxims can lead at times to a change in meaning or intention of the user. Using the Grice’s maxims theory, the present study intends to study interactions that occurred among Iranian users of a social network on latest celebrity news. The analysis of the data revealed that violation of the maxim of quantity in this social media by social media users on celebrities’ web pages was intentional. In other words, the users violated this maxim especially when they wanted to degrade , disgrace and dishonor the celebrities.

Shuubiya discourse was a reaction against the superiority and governing to Iranians life and chastity which had continued about from the first A.H. century to the sixth and seventh A.H. century. This article analyzes the shuubiya movement in Shahnameh based on the discourse analysis pattern of Laclau and Mouffe. Quality and argument of Iranians fighting become clear in the procedure of arising the Shuubiya, specially in the Ferdowsi’s era. With quarrel of Shuuvbiya discourse and non- Iranian government, Shuubiya discourse in the Ferdowsi’s narrative redefined and articulated with symbols of justice, libertarianism, rationalism and nationalism, around the meaning core of “rebirth the Iranian government”. Political domain and doctrinal system of Ghaznavians  , introduce the Caliphate of Baghdad as the non- discourses and apposes the rival’s discourse by standing out the identity concepts and marginalizing the doctrinal and economical rigidity. Shuubiya discourse reproduces the Iranian government theory of “Ideal King” for proving the “ Freedom” from doctrinal domain of Baghdad Caliphate system and non- Iranian political government. Political causality of apposing with aliens and stranger government, is ascertained with liberal subject of “Universal Hero” (Rostam) and for proving this type of discourse aim and dream fights with enemies and aliens and never accept the captivity and disgrace in front of non- discourses.

Qaboosnameh is one of the valuable works of Persian prose in the fifth century and is the result of the experiences of Amir Rantul-Maali to his son Gilan Shah, in which the narrator taught his son about various issues of life, arts and professions in forty-four chapters. This work, which is also known as "Advice" and "Pandnameh", is a moral narrative with unique narrative structures, the most important of which is the existence of counter-discourses in the form of anecdotes. These anti-discourses are in support of the narrator's speech and aligned and in interaction with his moral-educational discourse, so that the optimistic narrator with deep insights and wise observations and embellishing and armed his words with supporting anti-dots such as: appropriate anecdotes, verses of the Quran, the speech of scholars and poems of poets, the wall It has created a strong defense and a strong support umbrella in the discourse system of the book, which has led to more persuasion of the narrative heard. The results of the present research show that anti-discourses in Qaboosnameh have been involved in persuasiveness of Shenu's narrative with roles such as instructiveness, influence, incitement, threat, experienceability and easy understanding and highlighting.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects its patients' cognitive functions and different levels of language. Discourse is one of these levels that is severely affected by this disease. In this research, 11 schizophrenic patients and 11 healthy individuals were compared using the interpersonal metafunction in Halliday’s systemic functional grammar. To collect data, we used The Persian Aphasia Battery, Western Aphasia Battery, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, the story “Frog, where are you?” and questions such as “tell one of your good and bad memory, talk about Nowruz, etc.”. We employed SPSS software to analyze the data.  The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the speech of patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy people in terms of the use of items such as polarity, modality, past and present tenses, declarative, WH-interrogatives and imperative speech functions, subject, complement and circumstantial adjuncts. However, no significant difference was found in the use of future tense, yes/no interrogatives and suggestion speech functions. According to the findings of this research and in line with previous studies, interpersonal speech systems can be used to provide a profile of the intensity of emotional and social disorders and incoherent speech in schizophrenic patients.

Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live by, written by the British linguist and ecologist Arran Stibbe, is the second edition of the book that was first published in 2015 by Routledge and was one of the most prominent works focused on this relatively new interdisciplinary field of applied linguistics. The book, in its second edition (Stibbe, 2021), is organised in eleven chapters and, together with the appendix of the sources of data and the glossary of technical terms at the end of the book, contains a total of 260 pages. The present article will first give a brief overview of the background of the term “ecolinguistics”, and the advent of this field and the scope of its studies; that is because, as is often the case with many scientific disciplines, this cover term and its other related terms have been used in various senses since the emergence of the field. The content of the book in its second edition will then be looked at in detail.

Examining and reviewing the formal and semantic layers of Persian language stories is one of the tasks in the field of contemporary literary criticism. The cultural and linguistic functions of folk tales are the reason for preserving and examining them via literary criticism. They also increase the importance of such stories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the folk tale of "the Pearl Leaf" by Enjavi Shirazi based on structuralists and poststructuralists’ viewpoint. So, adopting a descriptive-analytical approach based on Greimas’ theory, the method of producing and receiving the meaning of this story has been studied and analyzed. Greimas, the semantic semiotician, sought to provide a coherent model for the study of narrative, which was later called the modern semantic semiotics. According to him, the important thing is to know the process of text production from the time of transmission to reception, based on the Actantial and sensitivity elements. In this way, fiction can be considered as a suitable platform for discourse exploration and integration of literature and discourse; since linguistic narrative has opened new windows in the field of fiction. In this study, using the theme of this story, different types of intelligent discourse system and their factors have been extracted. Finally, it has been concluded that although this story comes from the heart of popular culture (folklore), with an appearance simple, yet complex and coherent form, it has a specific structural and narrative pattern and form- Propp's morphology - which has made it fully compatible with Greimas’ theory of semantic semiotics.

The social approach of Eric Landowski's about interactive sign-semantic, which is presented in continuation of Greimas' aesthetic beliefs of guizzo , is a productive approach in literary criticism. The researchers of this study have used this approach in analyzing adaptation of the corporality sign meanings of romantic in Forough Farrokhzad’s poems which are transcendental.The interaction of the discourse partners in the process of the poet's romantic discourse creates infinite meanings by metamorphosis of the corporality signs. the source of meaning creation occurre with union of me and other.Corporeal subject and corporeal object create a dynamic and generative texture in a life experience with eachother and the surrounding world in phenomenological understanding. this is in a collection of dynamic physical signs that create a generative texture in an ecstatic text . the movement of chain of ambiguous combinations leads to a pleasant ecstasy in the union of discourse partners.the authors have investigated three poems named "Vasl". "Fathe bagh" and "Bad ma ra ba khod khahad bord" with a holistic criticism. The result of investigation was that the romantic interaction of discourse partners with physical sign-meanings has been continuous in order to achieve unity and creation of new meanings.

This study is based on Van Leeuwen’s theory of legitimacy to show how proverbs can legitimize or derive legitimacy from a discourse. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on Leeuwen’s components such as authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization, and mythmaking. The statistical population is Twelve Thousand Persian Proverbs and Thirty Thousand Equivalents written by Ebrahim Shakurzadeh Bolouri. The sample size is three thousand Persian proverbs that have been selected from this book based on the systematic random sampling method. The results show that among the legitimation processes, the evaluation components have the highest range with a total of 380 proverbs. This seems to be due to the importance of evaluation as well as the human tendency to evaluate. The results also indicate that proverbs in discourse are used for various purposes such as persuading the audience and legitimizing or deriving legitimacy from a discourse.

In order to understand the lyric poetry in any language, one should be familiar with the different aspects of its most important concepts. Because despite the common meaning overlap in words such as love and beauty in the world’s lyric poetry, there are still special cultural and linguistic differences without which it’s impossible to properly understand a poetry. One of these concepts is madness and its various images and interpretations in Persian poetry. This article tries to use descriptive – analytical method to examine various aspects to show how a common word finds its way in to Language of lyrical poetry and gradually expands other concepts of the poetry tradition, it becomes permanent, and then due to its parallelism with intellectual currents in the context of history, culture and thought. It is possible not to present it as a discourse in lyrical poetry. The results of this study show how the concept of insanity travels the discours path and undergoes changes from the dictionary meaning with the passage of time and political situation, and it is promoted from the socially unpleasant meaning ti the concept of love and then in the context Mutazila and Ashari philosophical conflicts become a suitable term for anti – rationalism, and with the spreadof Sufi ideas, it becomes a valuale term. And it goes beyond the limit of a mere word and opens its place as a common discourse by expanding the semantic realm and become one of the basic discourses of Persian lyrical poetry

The role of place is implicitly or explicitly undeniable, in the formation of discourse and the production of meaning. Objectivity and abstraction are two predominant characteristics of places, which each give their place according to their practical context in various discourses. The main question is, how can discourses be the place of spatial challenge and pave the way to pass from the state of action to the state of transcendence and imagination? Dissociation from objective space and place, phenomenal aspect of presence and sensory-perceptual reception of place can take shape to spatial transcendence. By adopting the descriptive-analytical research methodology and relying on the "Paris appeared from afar" as the corpus of research, which is a collection of travel descriptions of Qajar period travelers, the author seeks to an answer to the following question, how does enunciator achieve a transcedental and spatial aspect of Paris by negating the actional aspect of the place and by relying on the co-presence surrounded world and sensory –perceptual experience? This perception of the word and live experience reveals the phenomenological aspect of the place ad gives the reader a new insight of the “other place” and existence.

Semiotic-semantic discourse analysis, as a suitable model for religious text analysis, particularly Nahj al-Balagha, utilizes the tensive semiotics model introduced by Jacques Fontanille and Claude Zilberberg. This model delves into the intricate interplay between intensive (emotional, internal) and expansive (cognitive, external) valencies, offering valuable insights into the dynamic structure of the text, emphasizing the tensive-active and sensory-perceptive relationships. This article explores how meaning is intricately woven in the enunciation, bridging the gap between quantitative and qualitative dimensions, thus shedding light on the production of meaning in the discourse processes within the Imam's letters to Mu’awiyah. The study transcends a mere analysis of the fixed letter structure, focusing on the fluid and adaptable nature of the letters' production process and the interactive dimension between the agent and the actor in the enunciation space.