جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "nasrollāh monshi" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Language, as the primary medium of literature and communication, plays a crucial role in creating literary works. Among the various tools writers and poets use to harness language's power and enrich their work is semantic deviation, a concept that emerged with the formalist school of literary criticism. Formalism brought fundamental changes to literary studies, asserting that every literary work is independent and self-sufficient. The school aimed to break free from past literary norms and boundaries, challenging conventional linguistic and literary principles. Formalists argued that literature's essence lies in deviating from these conventional language boundaries. According to formalists, style emerges from deviating from standard language use. They posited that a literary work's imaginative quality stems from surpassing common language norms for artistic purposes. Semantic deviation, in particular, became a fundamental tool for writers and poets to create novel meanings in their work. This perspective led to the introduction of the concept of defamiliarization in literature, emphasizing the idea that literary language should make the familiar strange, thereby enhancing the reader's perception and engagement with the text. Shklovsky introduced the concept of defamiliarization as a technique writers and poets use to make their texts appear unfamiliar to readers. This view, held by Russian formalists, was later challenged and expanded by the Prague school of linguistics. Unlike the formalists, who focused solely on defamiliarization in literary texts, the Prague school considered all textual elements, both familiar and unfamiliar. They argued that these elements are intertwined and mutually dependent, making it impossible to examine them in isolation. This holistic approach led to the replacement of defamiliarization with the concept of foregrounding. When a writer employs defamiliarization techniques, it creates a static and conflicting relationship between these mechanisms and other textual elements. However, foregrounding affects the overall structure of the text more dynamically. According to Leach, foregrounding occurs through two main methods parallelism and deviation. Parallelism can be thought of as an unexpected degree of regularity in the text, whereas deviation is an unexpected degree of irregularity in the text. This perspective provides a more comprehensive framework for analyzing literary techniques and their effects on the text as a whole. Non-normativity in literature occurs when a writer or poet uses terms and combinations that break the boundaries of standard language, challenging the reader's mind. This deviation from norms can be classified into eight main categories: lexical, syntactic, phonological, graphological, semantic, dialectal, stylistic, and historical, all of which affect meaning in various ways. Semantic deviation involves using phrases and sentences in novel ways, creating meanings that differ from their conventional usage in standard language. This is achieved through innovative semantic relations and imaginative forms. Nasrollāh Monshi's Kalilah va Demnah is notable for its significant use of imaginative elements, making it an important text for understanding the linguistic and literary style of 6th-century prose. This study aims to reexamine Kalilah va Demnah through the lens of semantic deviation, using the model presented by Farzān Sojudi. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, explaining each type of semantic deviation based on Sojudi's perspective. Using a library research method and focusing on Nasrollāh Monshi's Kalilah va Demnah, the study categorizes and presents numerous examples of semantic deviation according to the specified theory. The research findings indicate that Nasrollāh Monshi consistently used semantic deviation in Kalilah va Demnah to enhance the text's imaginative quality and make better use of language. The frequency of semantic deviation in this work is higher compared to other types of norm deviation. This study contributes to our understanding of the literary techniques employed in classical Persian literature and highlights the importance of semantic deviation in creating ornate prose.

Philosophical thinking is a category that helps children to become social human beings and at the same time, people of thinking and analysis, and removes the existing cognitive barriers to a great extent. In fact, by familiarizing children with the components of philosophical thinking, the amount of knowledge and scope of their personal and social understanding grows. Literary texts, especially works written for children, have a tremendous impact in explaining concepts related to philosophical thinking. In the field of Persian literature, many works have been created that have used the components related to this category to explain various human-building and developmental content. In the meantime, Nasrollah Monshi in Kelila and Demneh has taken advantage of these tricks. In the present research, the main and most frequent methods of Nasrollah Monshi in the chapter on milk and cow from the book Kelila and Demneh, which led to philosophical thinking, have been explored in order to answer the question of what were the methods of philosophical thinking in the mentioned chapter of Kelila and Demneh?

This research was done based on library sources and descriptive-analytical method.

The author has tried to understand various components of philosophical thinking such as: "decision making; Problem solving; analyze; comparison and measurement; questioning; discovery skills; "Argument" and develop these characteristics in the audience, especially children.

The mentioned book has the necessary capacities to represent various individual and group issues for general and special audiences (children) and it is possible to use the intellectual layers hidden in it to indirectly teach philosophical thinking to children.

Bahramshahi’s Kalīla wa-Dimna was translated into Persian through an intermediary language. However, the didactic and religious aspects of Bahramshahi’s Kalīla wa-Dimna have a strong association with the Iranian society and culture of the sixth century. This study is based on Polysystem Theory and Gideon Toury’s three-stage methodology. According to his methodology, the translation should be situated within the target culture and the themes which are common to the translation and target culture be extracted. Then, the target text segments are mapped onto the source language segments, and finally the strategies used in the translation are categorized. The findings suggested that the themes of Kalīla wa-Dimna stories (whether from a global perspective or from an Iranian or Indian perspective) are common among Asian religions and Eastern nations. These themes carry religious and moral values. In the second step, the story “The Seabird and The Sea Agent” was compared and contrasted against its counterpart “Simorgh and Gruda” in the Panchatantra. The comparative analysis suggested the two mythical birds had a similar origin. This is followed by the identification of such translation strategies as deletion, modification, replacement and enhancement in the target text. It was found that the translator used these strategies to create a balance between the source culture and the target culture. This study also showed that the target culture played a central role in Nasrollah Monshi’s translation, which assisted the translator to render culture-specific items. The translator brought the text closer to the dominant discourse by increasing the number of ideological elements in the text.

Kelileh and Demneh has received special attention as a book of wisdom and politics throughout history. Nasrollah Monshi’s translation of the book into Persian in the sixth century turned it into one of the most important works of prose in Persian literature and a model for literary writers, and outdid other translations of the same book. The significance of this translation has made its numerous republications, edition, and correction inevitable. In Iranian academia, the edition and correction by Mojtaba Minovi has gained a popular foothold. Despite Minovi's significant contribution to improving the quality of the book, there are some phrases whose meaning is ambiguous and confuse readers. This study examines some of these phrases in the first step and subsequently offers corrections by drawing on textual parallels, the author's style, textual evidence from other parts of the book, and evidence from classical Persian texts. This study suggests that distortion, word shift, grammatical errors cause ambiguity in the selected phrases.

Classicism is one of the oldest literary schools which dominated more than 2300 years over European literature. The major principles of this literary school include looking at the past, imitating nature, rationalism, moralism, and teaching with enjoyment. Though the Persian literary work namely Kelile and Demne is not included in geographical domain of this literary school, the prominent features of the school can be applied to it. In a descriptive-analytical method, the study attempts to investigate classist principles of the Kelile and Demne. The prominent results include the followings: 1. Kelile and Demne of Nasrallah Monshi consider the classic works of the past and sometimes imitate their themes and style. 2. It imitates nature and social experiences. 3. It attempts to teach pleasurably. For example, it considers proportions in form and meaning and teaches different sciences. 4. Kelile and Demne narrates some fables which seem to be real if we consider their cultural backgrounds. It is a technique that is called verisimilitude. 5. In bringing moral contents and themes, Kelile and Demne encompasses Islamic morality, humanistic morality, and Indian morality. Hence, Kelile and Demne can be generally categorized as moral classic work of literature.

There are a lot of poems in Persian language Their poetry has not yet been determined. One of these cases is the famous ode "Om-al-Kavaeb". So far, several studies have been carried out on this topic, and Manouchehri Damghani, Amir Mo'azi, Borhani, Hasan Motekallam Kashi and Nasrollah Monshi have been introduced as poets of this ode. In this study, by studying the reasons used in previous studies and referring to a new document, introduced the true poet of this ode. The author's citation is an important and valuable manuscript, "Tazkarah al-Shoa'ra", known as "Ontology No. 900". The collector/ author of this Ontology, Introduces Simkesh –e- Samarqandi's as a poet of this poem. Contrary to previous poets, several reasons confirm this claim and assignment. In this paper, firstly, the authenticity of the assignment this ode to Manouchehri, Amir Mo'azi, Borhani and Hasan Motekallam is analyzed and rejected. Then, with a focusing on research of Sorori which has more authenticity, challenged her four In assigning a poem to Nasrallah Monshi. In the end, mention three other reasons for Confirm this claim.

The original version of Indian-Kelileh va Demneh was Sanskrit. This book is one of the works that has not been limited to a particular nation and has been translated into different tribes. Some scholars believe that Kelileh va Demneh is the source of the emergence of comparative literature. Due to the validity of these texts, the present article first gives a definition of the structure and content, then the linguistic and the elements of the book, and the introduction of Nasrallah Monshi, the Arabic version of Ibn Moghaf and then the story. It examines the strength of Bid Pay by Bokhari and highlights similarities and differences based on the American perspective in comparative literature. The result of this is that these three works are linguistically and rhetorically different, and sometimes different, and the language is wide in the text of Nasrallah, the text of Ibn Moghafa is more abounded with metonymies, the text of Ibn Moghafa is easy and true, like the text of Bokhari; Nasrallah Monshi, with the tendency towards the technical prose, has used abundance, balance, and shrine, and therefore has abundance; but the text of Ibn Moghfa, is based on prose and the stories of Bid Pay have a simple and fluid text, and the prose of Monshi, is a great example of technical prose. In the lexical category, the stories of Bidpay are richer and wider than the texts of Nasrallah Monshi and Ibn-e-Moghafa.

The venerable book of KelilehVa Demneh is one of the most influential Persian Literary texts which tries to render human’s essential needs and serious words in animal language. Besides all issues which can be considered as the frame-work of creating the translation, it seems that the political changes and ultimately the era disorders have persuaded the translator to render some of the pains and difficulties in animals’ language. Furthermore, it can be understood that this chapter has been appended to the main text. It is true that Seljuk had governed Iran without any worthiness and qualification. This kind of disorder and ascendancy was so difficult for educational and thoughtful people. In the light of political changes, Nasrollah Monshi has managed to expand his book style to criticize behaviors, at least in the chapter of thought reflection. He has even managed to teach the Seljuk ignoble kings in animals’ languages. The translator’s art is to depict the status of society by means of fables which is not his own interest. It is obvious just when you listen to the translator’s cries in the text and introduction of the book.