جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « داستان » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The present article seeks to examine the relationship between the gender of fictional characters and place in Zoya Pirzad's The Acrid taste of Persimmon Short Story, based on the theory of place semiotics. In this story, the life of a traditional woman is narrated who does not leave the shell of gender stereotypes until the end of the story.The house (place), which plays a pivotal role in The Acrid taste of Persimmon, is a realm full of signs that become part of the identity of the female character. In fact, the house and the activities inside it find a feminine identity and outside and everything that belongs to it, they find a masculine identity.The results show that the Acrid taste of Persimmon has been successful in representing gender (female / inside and male / outside) by relying on symptoms.

The use of humorous language and the thought of Existentialism are two stylistic features of Bahram Sadeghi's stories. This research deals with the stylistics of these stories by searching for a meaningful relationship between these two stylistic features and tries to show with the help of humor theories that the presence of this type of language in his stories is meaningful and is in harmony with the dominant thought in those works. What causes such a search and effort is the abundance of humor and existentialist elements in the works of this author.

The method of this research is analytical and descriptive and based on a library study in three fields of study: theories of humor, existentialism, and author's works, and searching for links between them.

Among the three existing classical theories about agency and basis of humor, that is, theories of superiority, relief, and incongruity, the latter theory is aligned with the linguistic and intellectual style of the author's works and establishes a logical relationship between the language and the central idea of those works.

The incongruity theory of humor, because it considers the factor of laughter to be the disclosure of the emptiness of events from their known conceptual pattern, has a lot of harmony with a similar disclosure in Existentialism. Therefore, the presence of the dominant element of humor in Bahram Sadeghi's story-writing style explains the existentialist thought governing most of the author's works.

his point of view, the appearance of the stories is not very important, but what is important the results and his impressions of the stories. Most of the imaginary images used in Molvi's poems are allegories. Each of Molavi's stories and allegories can be looked at from a special and different point of view, and one can see a wonderful and amazing sight as much as one's understanding and vision. Molavi's poems are not ordinary words in the field of literature, but rather authoritative and scholarly anecdotes and parables. He has brought the moral principles and diversity of opinions and experiences in the anecd Abstract In his works, Maulavi has used anecdotes and verses as parables to achieve new results. From otes. Maulavi's approach in allegorical stories is usually based on mystical teachings in order to explain and scientifically interpret the subjects. The author has tried to discuss the expertise and mastery of Rumi Mullah in stories and allegories in order to make clear and visible the degree of possession and initiative of Rumi in the design of stories and allegories. The method of compiling the article is library and using various sources and .analytical and descriptive method

AbstractMany of authors have paid special attention to specific geographical environments in their narratives and reflected social and political developments in that region. Ebrahim Younisi (1926 _ 2011) born in "Baneh" Kurdistan, in his stories has indicated to the developments and disarraies in that region. In this research that is accomplished with descriptive-analytical method, the authors are trying to investigate social situation in Kurdish Areas in Ebrahim Younisi’s featured narratives. Younisi in his novels has spoken of social issues in Pahlavi | & || era and tried to disclose indigence of people that live at the borders especially villagers, unemployment, cultural poverty, lack of sanitary and welfare facilities, point of view of traditional society towards women and overriding many of their rights, corruption of administrative officers, injustice of the system of Lords and serfs, the political and social repression, people's distrust of the government, hypocrisy of local Sheikhs, despair...Key words: Ebrahim Younisi, Story, Society, Kurdistan.

The examination of the works of poets and literary and mystical writers of this land shows that storytelling, which is the process of using reality and narrative, to communicate with the audience, is used in a very subtle way. Sheikh Attar and Maulana are two poets who have benefited from storytelling and allegory in explaining mystical points and sending their messages many times. But despite the difference in the time period of these two poets, there are significant points of commonality and difference in their common stories and anecdotes, which require to be explored from a literary point of view.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, the data of which is collected from two Masnavas of Attar (Palehannameh, Elahinamah) with Masnavas of Rumi, during twenty common stories of these poets, by documentary and library method and by taking a survey.

In this study, the influence of Rumi on Attar was completely revealed and it was concluded that, despite similarities in terms of story characters, time, place of occurrence and the style of presenting the stories, there are also differences in terms of the literary style and the way of presenting them. And from the point of view of the morphology of Molavi"s stories and the analysis of his fictional actions, it shows a more logical order that governs his stories. Therefore, in terms of innovation, Molavi"s mind is more attractive in creating expressions and concepts.

The subject of storytelling and allegory in Persian literature, especially the poems of Attar and Rumi have been of special importance, who have chosen this type of artistic format to convey ideas and remind their audience. Although Attar has a great influence on Rumi in defining his line of thought and mystical approach and teaching its teachings, Maulavi has a higher position in the art of developing stories and drawing conclusions from them, and despite the similarities in terms of the structure and content of the common stories, there are significant differences with Attar"s stories.

With the sociological analysis of the literary work, by emphasizing a dialectical relationship between form and content, the author's worldview can be connected with history. In this way, in the alignment of historical sociology, historical events and happenings, cultural characteristics and important issues of society are determined in the study of works. ". Reza Baraheni (1401-1314) is one of the prominent contemporary writers who wrote his stories based on the events of the society, whose works can be analyzed with the approach of sociology of literature in relation to contemporary history. The subject of his four stories "Song of the Dead", "What Happened After the Wedding", "Secrets of My Land" and "Well to Well" is a reflection of the political conditions of Iran before the Islamic Revolution and the events during the revolution It can be analyzed with sociology in relation to history. In this article, By reading a library in a descriptive and analytical way, these works have been examined with the aim of examining the worldview of the author and the meaningful structure of the content in alignment with the social and political structures of the society with Historical sociology. The results of the research show: , Baraheni 's stories are a historical report of the events of the Pahlavi period. All the stories describe the society from the Pahlavi to the Islamic revolution. It can be seen in the historical structure of the events of the fifties with a detailed narration. In terms of content, the tyranny of the regime, corruption of governance, SAVAK, prisons and popular struggles are central issues. with descriptions that have real parallels in contemporary history ,he narrates the protests and struggles of intellectual groups and people against the Pahlavi regime from the point of view of a university-educated intellectual collective actor.

Analysis based on psychological criticism has become popular among literary researchers as a style. This research aims to investigate Reza Brahni"s fiction (The Infernal Life of Mr. Ayaz, and The Secrets of My Land) based on the psychological perspective of Carl Gustav Jung.

The present study is a theoretical study and data collection was done with the use of data collection tools and reference to library sources in a descriptive-analytical method. Evidence and data analysis is evaluated qualitatively.

The study of Brahni"s works shows that archetypes of anima and animus, shadow, persona (mask), self, as well as the concepts of sleep and dream, unconscious and anxiety are clearly visible in Brahni"s works. In addition, the most important and the most used proof of Jung"s theories is "persona" or "mask" which can be found in all the researched novels. Another archetype that is abundant in Brahni"s works is the archetype of "Shadow". Almost in most of his novels, Reza Brahini unconsciously asked the shadow for help and in this way he was able to show the characters of his novel well. Another theory that has a high frequency in Brahni"s novels is "old concepts"; In this way, we see a return to history and civilization or customs and superstitions in the stories.

The review and analysis of the studied novels, based on Jung"s psychological theories in criticism, showed that the characters, symbols and archetypes found in them are to some extent consciously created and elaborated by the mind of Brahni, and in most cases, they are completely deliberate.

Adapting and recreating ancient Iranian fiction literature and harmonizing it with the visual and moving expression of animation in a mutual relationship provides the means for the prosperity and expansion of these two literary genres on a wide level. One of the most important cases of failure in animation is the existence of weak points in the structure (form and creator) of these works and the familiarity of the authors with the correct and creative ways of expanding story ideas and how to use the structural patterns of Iran during the process of adaptation and re-creation. The model of "expanding the story idea" is one of the most important theoretical types that provide important and tangible logical processes to the adapters by maintaining the systematic unity between the scripts and following various more objective and detailed characteristics based on information. Since the main goal of this research is how to develop intelligent ideas and adapt the content of ancient literary works to the screenplay model, in this article to show the important and influential role of the element of creativity in the development of the story idea, with a practical approach and using the analysis method. Comparatively, the outline of the "Arslan" screenplay was adapted to the free adaptation of the famous "Amir Arslan" story by the writer and to the different stages of the "story idea expansion" model. Based on the results of the research, by modeling the configuration and structure of successful and audience-friendly screenplays.

The subject of the present article is the study and analysis of the narrative element of dialogue in Siavash's story. The story begins with a conversation between Toos and Giv, who has found Siavash's mother, and ends with a conversation between Siavash and Pilsem, the elder brother, who asks him to convey his message to the elders. Therefore, Siavash's story is basically dialogue-based and all the information that the story is supposed to provide to the reader is transmitted to him through dialogue. In addition to this dialogue, in relation to other elements of the story, its different functions reveals. Ferdowsi uses it to describe and introduce the characters of the story. Shows narrative actions and conflicts, indirectly presents its idealistic thoughts to the audience. It objectifies mental phenomena, points tothe psychological problem of mental connection and language, and shows in practice that the functions of dialogue cannot and should not be neglected in the study of the story. The data of this research are provided through library studies and after classification, they are described using analytical method. This research shows more than anything that Ferdowsi, as a storyteller, not only knows the elements of the story, but is also more aware of how they work.

The present study investigates the effect of the authors’ gender on the speech features of the characters with different genders. In so doing, two stories were selected in which the genders of the authors were different from those of the main characters. The theoretical framework used in the present study was Lakoff’s (1975) theory of gender language which was more in historical harmony with the two corpuses under study. The verbal characteristics of the main characters of the two stories show that despite the authors' awareness of gender differences in language, they have left traces of their gender in the speech of their characters. A comparison of the two stories shows that Al-Ahmad is more successful in using appropriate language in the speech of the main character. The feminine linguistic features in the speech of his main character are: swearing, prayers and cursing, hesitations and doubts, direct quotations, as well as emotional attributes. On the other hands, the same features in Raheem’s speech is not in accordance with his masculinity. Based on the findings of this research it can be concluded that gender language is inevitable and completely cultural-bound.

The Emphasis of New Literary Theories on the Use of Rhetorical and Literary Techniques in Other Texts Reminds Us That, This Style is Not Only Specific to Literary Texts. The Similarities That Are Attributed to the Realms of Literature and History Today Damage the Tangible Boundaries of the Two and Specify the Homogeneity and Affinity of These Knowledges. In Order to Turn Their Work Into a Coherent and Readable Text, Historians Use the Same Elements that Are Used in Story Writing. Therefore, the Arrangement, Selection, Deletion and Perspective of the Story are Arranged in the Service of the Historian's Goals. According to the Results Found in this Research, Going Back in the Natural Course of the Narration at the Beginning of the Sixth Volume Was Meant to Create a Favorable Precedent for Amir-Masoud of Ghaznavi to Come to Power. In Addition, by Attributing Good Qualities to Masoud-Ghaznavi, the Kingship is Considered His Natural Right. Beyhaqi Arranges the Beginning of the Sixth Volume in Such a Way That the Origin of This Volume, Which Includes the History of the Kingdom of Masoud, Begins with the Examination of his Inherent Qualifications, Thus Legitimizing His Actions Against His Brother.

One of the general themes of all myths is the journey of the hero. Joseph Campbell based on the close connection of legends and ethnic tales with myths; He proposed a unique model for these stories, and based on Jung’s archetypal view, he designed and compiled a model of his hero’s journey. This pattern has three stages of departure, arrival and return; these three include other sections such as courier call (invitation), accepting or rejecting the invitation, guidance, crossing the threshold, test, reward and return. This study aims to study and analyze the Story Share Sangestan AkhavanSales based on the travel pattern of the hero Joseph Campbell. Therefore, he first explains Campbell’s theory; then, the prince’s action as a manifestation of the myth- hero in this poem is adapted to the important steps of the following pattern, and at the end, the data are described and analyzed. The result of the research shows that although the hero (prince) is in search of salvation and the way of salvation for his stoned and suffering sthociety (contemporary man); But because it fails to pass from me (the ego) to its realization, (the core of life); cannot find the spell key. Therefore, the ambassador has no achievement but regret and defeat

Based on the reality therapy approach and selection theory of William Glaser People choose behaviors when they fail to meet their needs. That is, they choose certain behaviors and actions so that they may be able to meet their needs. He believes that all behaviors are always selected at the moment Are the best choice of person to satisfy one or more needs; However, he may have chosen inefficient and ineffective behavior due to the lack of effective methods. These five needs are embedded in human genes to meet these needs, the person collects images in his mind. The difference between this set of images is the desired world and the perceptual world that leads the person to general behaviors that It is suggested by the creative brain system when struggling and trying to achieve desires Rumi seven hundred years ago in the story of "shir and Nakhjiran" the first book of the spiritual masnavi has arranged a debate between the lion, nakhjiran and the rabbit that Their behavior is consistent with the authors' theory of Glaser theory. In the present article, to prove this hypothesis, after the introduction, the research background and mentioning the theoretical framework are analyzed as examples of behaviors and In the end it is concluded that the behaviors that Consistent with Glasser's theory, according to the animal debate situation

Rituals are an integral part of the culture and history of the people of Sistan, an Iranian tribe, which has been uniquely expressed through their religious, ethnic, and tribal beliefs. Based on the mythological, anthropological, historical, and psychological characteristics of the Sistani people, their rituals set them apart from other Iranian tribes. Furthermore, these rituals have been depicted in the ancient tales of this region, serving as the foundation for various literary analyses. The purpose of this research is to explore the rituals portrayed in the stories of the people of Sistan and analyze their underlying themes using a descriptive-analytical approach, combined with the critical lens of myth criticism. Extensive studies confirm that Sistani narratives encompass a range of rituals, with notable examples including blood drinking, the myth of Oushidar, incestuous marriages, witchcraft, and mourning ceremonies. Many of these rituals originated from the ancient Iranian and Zoroastrian cultures, as well as the customs and practices of ancient tribes like the Scythians, eventually becoming deeply ingrained within the Sistan region's populace.

Pirang is the structure and main design of a story, in which, in addition to the chronological sequence of the story, cause and effect relationships must be observed. Yaqub Sharoni is one of the prominent writers in the field of children's fiction, who was able to write valuable works by using the technical principles of Pirang. One of his works is called "Saral Lahiyyah Al Bayda", which in this research we have analyzed and examined this work from the point of view of Pirang to further prove the capabilities of this great writer.Therefore, the plot mentioned in this story can reveal an example of the author's skill. From the results of this research, we find out that although the stories were used according to the technical principles of story writing and the chronological sequence of stories was respected, but the method of connecting two stories at the end of the story complicates the story and understanding it for the child. It makes it a little difficult. It should be mentioned that the research method in this article is analytical-descriptive.

The present article compares the common themes of love in the poems of Walada and Ibn Zaydun with Lily and Majnoon (Nezami). In this article, the poem Lily and Majnoon, the immortal poem of Hakim Nezami Ganjavi, has been examined and verses from this poem that had romantic themes have been compared with the poems of Walada and Ibn Zaydun, poets of the same age, written in Arabic. . Undoubtedly, the origin of this story belongs to the Arabs and its history dates back to the late seventh century AD. The name of Walada was always appropriate with the name of Abu al-Walid Ahmad ibn Zaydun, a minister and poet who saw a lot of love and affection for Walada and composed his most beautiful and delicate poems for him. The research method in this letter is the use of source books and a variety of library research (survey) and descriptive-analytical.

The Iranian-Arab critical scene in the field of studying narrative discourses and analyzing the Quranic narrative opened up to its Western counterpart, from which it derived most of its theoretical concepts, methods of procedural practice, and critical mechanisms. Each researcher dealt with the studied narrative discourse according to his own inclination and orientation, and on the basis of the approach he adopted in the analysis, and the negative side in this approach is represented in projecting the method on the text and employing it mechanically, as this aspect of employing the method raised a crisis in the Iranian and Arab narrative scene in the study of the Quranic narrative. And he touched - at times - the sanctity of the studied discourse and its divine truth. From this standpoint, our research came to investigate the critical models that adopted the procedures of Narratology criticism in their applied practices on the Quranic discourse in a dogmatic manner, to approach the reality of this criticism, and then shed light on some of the applications made by Arab and Iranian researchers in this field. The research concluded in the end that the method in the understanding of some researchers has turned into engineering tools with limits and dimensions that cannot be touched upon application, so he leads them and devotes their efforts to revealing the textual units and segments that make up the Quranic narrative discourse. So, the problem of employing Narratology in the study of the Qur’anic discourse is mainly due to the difficulty of employing its procedural mechanisms and transferring them from the space of human narrations to a space different from it, which is the Qur’anic narration. It produces a set of ambiguous data that makes the discourse lose its aesthetics, and affects the essence of its function, as criticism eventually turns into a crowd of unreliable judgments, due to its failure to keep pace with an effective analytical critical movement, and this gap is one of the risks that studies have suffered from throughout their critical practice.

One method of gaining a deep understanding of texts is through examining the interactions between different works. Authors are often influenced by each other's writings, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The focus of the essay is to explore the intertextual reading of two stories: "The Sufi Who Caught His Wife with a Strange Man" from Masnavi Manavi, and the second story from Day Seven of Decameron ("Peronella Hideth a Lover of Hers in a Vat, Upon Her Husband's Unlooked for Return") through the lens of Genet's theory of transtextuality. These two stories share similarities in themes such as unfaithfulness, betrayal, enjoying life, women's cunning, and the fear of scandal. The present research adopts an analytical-comparative approach to compare these two classic works and highlight their commonalities and differences. The research findings suggest that Boccaccio recreated a story from Masnavi Manavi in a remarkable manner within his own tales. The study not only establishes a favorable foundation for comparative analysis but also paves the way for further exploration of Rumi's works.

Memoir is very close to story and sometimes it can be turned into a story by the least attention to the text of the memoir. The most obvious common feature of these two forms, apart from the story elements, is the presence of narration. "Narrative-ness of a narrative text is created under the influence of factors such as: plot coherence, development of the main action, atmosphere creation, characterization, etc.
Memoir-story is one of the emerging forms in the genre of resistance literature and due to the presence of many cause and effect developments, it is closer to the story than the memoir and has many elements of the story other than imagination. In this research, it is intended to examine the aspects of narrative and structure in the two forms of story and memoir-story, and explain their commonalities and differences.

The current research is carried on through a descriptive-analytical method and has used library resources. Based on the question of the border between story and memoir-story, the author first collected the theoretical sources of the research and then verified his claims by analyzing the textual examples.

The problem of the present research is based on the issue that although memoir-story is based on memory, elements such as suspense, multiple episodes, characterization, and landscape have made it very close to the story. Also, the study of the narrative infrastructures of memoir and story shows that these two forms, in addition to sharing elements, have another aspect in common, and that is the structure of the narrative action based on a formulated description of past events: "today-here", narrating "that day-there". Based on scientific evidence, the author proves that there are many narrative differences between the two forms of story and memoir-story. In fact, the purpose of the current research is to explain the distinctions and define the border between the two forms of story and memoir-story by relying on several works of fiction and memoir-story in the literature of Holy Defense, and the author tries to explain categories such as narrative action, narrative levels, place and type, narrator, and narrative distance in these two types. From the results of the research, it appears that there is a difference between the two forms of story and memoir-story in terms of narrative action, narrative distance, narrator's qualities and narrative levels.

The first achievement of the current study is that the narrative action in the story consists of four simple-to-advanced narrative models and has three levels: the outside world, the world of the literary work, and the world of the story, with each of these levels including a range of characters, elements and categories. Here in the story, one faces intertwinements that organize the vast narrative network; in the memoir-story, however, one faces the simplest action of a first-class narrative, because the author and the narrator are the same person, and he is reporting to what he has experienced in the past. Another achievement of the current study is that the narrator in the story is different from the memoir-story in terms of type and position. The narrator in the story is not the author; he/she is created by the mind of the author of the story, and is different from the author in terms of sex and class; in the memoir-story, the narrator is the same author who narrates the narrative of that day-there. There are many narrators in the story, but in the memoir-story, the narrator is only a monologist. Another achievement of the current research is that the co-narrator and the memoir-story have a narrative distance, i.e., there is a time gap between the time of the incident and the time of its narration; this distance; however, is variable in story from being close to far infinite. Since the reality and the identity of the narrator is the same as the author in the memoir-story, he lives as long as the author lives.