جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مدیریت بحران » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Diplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conflict and war, but countries in conflict, where there is no way to promote official diplomacy between them, choose another path of diplomacy, which is called path two diplomacy. This type of diplomacy is used for countries in conflict in areas where formal diplomacy becomes virtually impossible due to the high degree of sensitivity resulting from a worldview different from the other's ontological security and lack of trust. Diplomacy is the path of two titles that has been known in the last few decades and has been used with positive results in some regions and countries involved in conflict. In this article, while defining and explaining the meaning of track two diplomacy, we examine its function as well as its opportunities and limitations in international crises. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that the use of two-way diplomacy will be the best form of diplomacy to resolve disputes between governments involved in crisis. This is a research-theoretical article, and for this reason, it will be a guide for researchers' case studies. The research method in this article is explanatory and analytical.

In August 2021, Afghanistan faced a political crisis as it fell under Taliban control. One of the key factors contributing to this crisis is the lack of recognition for the Taliban government as the Islamic Emirate, which has significant implications at the domestic, regional, and international levels. Given its proximity to Afghanistan, Iran has been significantly impacted by the developments in the region. Consequently, Iran has focused its foreign policy on constructive participation to help resolve the crisis. The current situation in Afghanistan presents a new crisis, raising the question of what role can Iran play in managing the political crisis under the Taliban's rule? However, Iran's traditional influence on social and political groups opposing the Taliban, coupled with its active participation in regional and international organizations, could form the basis for its mediation efforts to facilitate a dialogue between conflicting parties. Through a descriptive/analytical-qualitative approach and data gathered from library and internet sources, this study sought to examine the plausibility of this hypothesis. The research results suggest that the Taliban recognizes the need to resolve the crisis through political means to maintain its political life and fulfill international obligations. As such, the group welcomes any actions that move towards this goal. Iran is also taking constructive measures to manage the crisis and align its foreign policy agenda accordingly.

The Islamic Republic system has faced numerous crises and incidents since the inception of the leadership of the Supreme Leader. Thanks to his management, foresight, and the support of the people, these crises have been either contained or prevented from occurring. Various studies and research have been conducted on the crises that have arisen in the Islamic Republic, published in reputable domestic journals. Most of these studies have focused on interpretative, narrative, historical, and analytical approaches. Some of these research works have also delved into the role of the Supreme Leader in managing and containing the crises during his leadership, using thematic analysis to identify the managerial components employed by him. However, the present article seeks to evaluate previous studies and research on the management of the Supreme Leader during crises, and the policies and leadership management components emphasized by this research to contain the crises. The research method employed in this article is a qualitative meta-analysis with a meta-combination approach. By examining around 42 published research papers in reputable domestic journals on crises, the findings indicate that researchers have identified 54 influential components of the Supreme Leader's management of crises through the thematic analysis of his statements and positions. Among these components, the "rule-oriented approach," "foresight and enlightenment," and "people-centeredness" have been introduced as the most influential policies of the Supreme Leader in crisis containment, being the most prevalent and prioritized.

Crisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly felt during floods. This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study. Initially, data was collected via interviews, literature review, and distributing questionnaires among 150 crisis management specialists. After that, the SWARA method was used to analyze data, which is one of the most optimum multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the attained results, 10 strong points and 13 weak points were recognized during the flood crisis. Among these points, the flooding of roads, the blocking of access roads, and the water supply network cut-off were the most significant types of crises, respectively. Likewise, separate and selective maps of the city and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any section of the city with a score of 0.1718, the newness of water and sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunications networks in the city with a score of 0.1418 and the absence of urban decay in the city or unprincipled and non-technical suburbs were identified as the most important strengths with a score of 0.1183. Besides, according to the respondents, the most important weakness is the rain in a short period with a high volume of runoff with a coefficient of 0.1992, which causes severe damage to tables and urban facilities, and residential houses.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the functions and position of Faraja police units in the management of social crises, especially in terms of adapting to the four stages of crisis management.

this research is cross-sectional in terms of time; In terms of purpose, it is applied and developmental, and in terms of method, it is descriptive, and in terms of data collection, mixed methods including: document review, distribution of questionnaires, and in-depth individual and group interviews (especially the Fishbowl method) have been used. The number of statistical population is 356 and the number of targeted sample includes 241 officers with experience in the crisis of 2018 (185), chief police officers of Tehran (10), police chiefs of provinces (31), first level officials (15). Cronbach's alpha was equal to 8.1.

Although police units have the ability to manage social tensions, especially forecasting, but crisis management in emergency police units, news distribution and reception network needs to be reformed and training of people is heterogeneous and It is insufficient.

Suggestions: 

crisis management in law enforcement units needs: clarifying and standardizing behaviors, clarifying how police officers access cyber space and receive information in the administrative hierarchy, holding crisis management training for all involved agents (Faraja and fire units, municipality, telecommunications and electricity, etc.), obliging Faraja Security Organization to train and inform law enforcement units and checkpoints.

Our country is one of the countries that face various crises, such as earthquakes, wars, epidemics of a contagious disease, etc. Among the crises that have been encountered so far were the Procrustean war. Although much research has been done aboute war, but research has not been done on the role of logistical support in defeating the blockage of Abadan This research is exploratory research in terms of purpose and applied in terms of type of use, and the data research method of the grounded theory has been used.Data were collected using non-probabilistic sampling with 20 Holy Defense fighters as well as Holy Defense researchers. MaxQDA software was also used to analyze the data. Based on data analysis, causal category including economic causes, geopolitical causes and ideological causes, central category including information management, transportation and optimal location of equipment and forces. Strategies including flexibility, synergy and reaction speed. intervention factors including command and control, manpower and equipment, and finally the consequences including political, social and military consequences. The proposed model can help to transfer experiences and values to future generations to play a more effective role in operational units and increase the country's defense power

After the formation in Iran, due to Iran's ideological identity, foreign enemies have always had a strategic confrontation with Iran. Examining the actions of foreign enemies and their allies inside the country, well reveals the extent of their hostility to the Islamic Revolution. This enmity has taken a new form in each period of time, and the last case was in November 2019, which occurred after the implementation of the fuel management plan. This crisis had unique features and was unprecedented in terms of the number of cities involved in the crisis, the level of violence, and so on. But in any security incident, there are hidden reasons why their interaction leads to that incident. Therefore, recognizing the causes of the incident and the relationship between these factors can pave the way for managing the regime's future crises. For this purpose, in this research, experts were interviewed and the issues raised were analyzed by grounded theory method. The results show that the five main factors that played a major role in the occurrence of this incident are: cyberspace, global enemies planning, intelligence surprises, unplanned government, high dispersion and high crisis violence.

Identity is regarded as one of the fundamental elements of new political, regional, and international order. Identity forms have intertwined relationships with the history, culture, and past forms of action of a society. It is noteworthy that cultural signs are reproduced gradually and reflect a new form of political behavior. Identity accounts for a major part of the causes of political disputes between Iran and several states including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Yemen, and Ukraine. Accordingly, identity can be considered as the lost goods of the contemporary era, and it has had a considerable impact on the security policies of various countries.The principal issue addressed in this study is that meaning, myth, and narratives have been ignored in the identity policymaking processes, particularly at the social, national, and regional levels. The main research questions to be answered in the present paper are as follows: 1. What were the features of the identity policy in the third decade of the twenty-first century? 2. How can they set the stage for stability and balance? In the hypothesis, the authors argue that “the identity policy is based on the knowledge of the forms of cultural, historical, and ideological conflicts of the actors, and results from the mechanisms based on the intersubjective interactions. In order to find answers to the questions, we rely on the constructivist approach and Alain Touraine’s new paradigm for the analysis of works by several prominent scholars. Using the method of conceptual analysis, we attempt to delineate the signs of meaning, myth, and narrative in the twenty-first century’s identity policy. The findings of this study are related to the paradigms of identity, media, and network society policies which can pave the way for increasing the power of some countries, but they can also be signs of security threats for others. The paper’s innovation concerns the effect of narrative and mythic signs on the identity policy.

From the engineering point of view, natural disasters have a fairly specific return period and it is likely that we will witness a massive flood in the coming years in Tehran, like what happened in Imamzadeh Dawood in 2022, which requires monitoring and preventive measures in terms of crisis management and also in the legal dimension. According to the crisis management law approved in 2018, Iran does not face a serious legislation problems in terms of the introduction of crisis management, defining responsibilities of each crisis manager and the government's position in such phenomena. The topic of compensation for damages caused by natural disasters and the justification of this responsibility has been a controversy among researchers and theorists. Along with the previous theories, this article is based on the opinion that in such phenomena, by insisting on the place of custom in the government procedure, this matter has become a definite, acceptable, mandatory and equal to the law. In addition, according to the crisis management law, the legislator has adopted new procedures for this and has removed the previous shortcomings in the laws regarding the responsibility of the government and those in charge of crisis management, so that today the principle should be placed on the responsibility of the government in such phenomena. From the aspect of civil and criminal responsibility, the same traditional rules are followed regarding the duties related to crisis management. However, new and comprehensive approaches to the issue of types of officials, scope of responsibilities and criminalization can be seen in this law, which has been criticized in the text of the article.

According to the recent Kermanshah earthquake that occurred in 2016, and even now, many Kermanshah residents and officials are involved with its issues and problems, and as seen in the media and social networks, there are many problems that have yet to be resolved. No action has been taken to fix it, it seems necessary to have a research to clearly examine and show these issues and problems, so that the fastest and best solution can be considered in order to achieve this goal. Actions taken in the field of helping earthquake victims by official institutions and people should be evaluated in order to formulate appropriate policies. The correct methods of natural crisis management can be very effective in preventing the occurrence of environmental accidents, so the availability of appropriate implementation plans in the event of a crisis, on the one hand, strengthens the foundation of society in all fields, and on the other hand, the amount of financial losses and casualties. It greatly reduces human and social, economic and environmental disintegration.

The crisis can destroy both the lives of people and the legitimacy of governments that provide security and prosperity; challenged and cost a lot. Natural crises that occur all over the world; In some regions, such as Central Asia, it is more extensive and numerous.  Using the experiences of other countries has a significant effect in reducing its destructive effects. For this purpose, this research aims to identify the crisis management and benefit from the common learnings of the three countries of Iran, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan, and has done a comparative study and intends to answer the question of what are the differences and similarities in the type, history, structure and laws of crisis management in Do these countries exist? The study method is qualitative and the data collected from the crisis management documents of the selected countries have been analyzed using Max QDA software. The findings show that these countries, while having relative similarities in the type of crisis, although they differ slightly in terms of history and management structure; However, a comparative study of prevention, preparedness and facing crisis laws shows the difference in legislation, which has also led to different results in practice.

Industrial-economic infrastructure is one of the most important goals in hybrid warfare as well as terrorist attacks, which is aimed to weakening the resistance will in the society and the inability of governments to provide the necessary services and continuity of activities. Therefore, the implementation of passive defense projects and the protection of these centers are essential to reduce vulnerability and increase deterrence and national resilience to crises. Considering the importance of urban water infrastructure in the general order of society, The aim of this study is "risk analysis of urban water infrastructure against basic biological, cyber, military and security threats with passive defense approach". Accordingly, the main question is; "What is the risk analysis of the attack on urban water infrastructure with basic biological, cyber, military and security threats in water and sewage companies?" »Research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-contextual in type. To answer in a combined way, library methods have been used to classify assets, Also, the expert meeting method has been used with the cooperation of 15experts and managers to score threats, vulnerabilities and complete the tables of risk assessment and analysis. The results show that the highest risk factor of main water supply infrastructure in biological attack on wells and water production resources with a risk factor of 630. the highest risk factor in the main functions of water supply was assigned to: The biological attack on the function of water supply services with a risk factor of 800.

Despite the unprecedented ups and downs experienced by Iran and Syria in recent years, the strategic relations between Iran and Syria are considered to be a perfect example of the most unbreakable bilateral relations in the security environment of West Asia, which in the post-crisis environment requires more special role-playing, management and engineering than before in order to consolidate the achievements. . The current research aims to investigate and analyze the foreign policy of the Republic of Iran in Syria in the post-ISIS era, and has raised the question, "How are Iran's behavioral requirements for the post-crisis management of Syria evaluated?" Using the method of descriptive and library study and as a possible answer, the present research proposes the hypothesis that despite the success of the Islamic Republic of Iran in preventing the fall of the political system under the guidance of " Bashar Assad", the continuation of the obtained political-military achievements requires a comprehensive strategy based on the internal considerations of the Syrian society based on common cultural, religious and geopolitical interests and characteristics.

Due to the occurrence of Covid-19epidemic &thecreation of conditions contrary to the normal routine of life,examining the effects of the presence of this virus worldwide &methods of managing this crisis can pave the way for studies &planning in these conditions. Due to the dispersion in the approaches andissues raised in this field &the lack of integration in the structure andorder in the results of these studies;The present article is based on a meta-analysis strategy. 45 articles,according to theopinions of experts,were the basis of the present study.The results ofthe research indicate the need to create resilience in different parts of theworld due to the increase in disasters &epidemics.Information &spatial technology is an effective step towards controlling &managing this crisis by collecting spatial data &providing information using spatial counters andinformation software.Also,most of thearticles donot offer practical suggestions &solutions;Therefore,basic research is needed to obtain sufficient knowledge andapplied research to achieve the desired solutions.

The purpose of the present study is to review the lived experience of the governors in stabilizing post-Pahlavi security in Iran. The approach of the research is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the sample of study consisted of 10 governors from the first decade of the Islamic revolution who were selected by purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. In data analysis, the seven-step process of the Colaizzi method was used. The accuracy of the results was fortified by reviewing and confirming the interview texts by the participants, research colleagues, and with reference to historical documents. Based on the results, provision of machinery, equipment, preparation, emplacement of the fighters and people, accommodating rural refugees inside the cities, political , cultural, industrial, and economic measures for the development of Kurdestan, purging the administrations and selection of employees anew, compensation for the damages of crises, financing and spending excluded budget in the critical regions, and attempt to decrease ethnic conflicts were among the most important lived experiences of the governors in crisis management. The above-mentioned measures were under the influence of the revolution and the revolutionary governors directed their attention to the underprivileged groups and addressed their requests and attracted their forces from the poor neighborhood. Building power institutions from below and consolidation in the structure of power were two strategies that led to the competitor’s expulsion from power and dominance over the security crisis inside the country.

"Crisis" has always been a common phenomenon in organizations and societies, and crisis management has been of great importance. Management science has studied "crisis management" since the late 1970s. "Crisis Management" deals with the necessity of systematic forecasting and getting ready to deal with a crisis that threatens the life of organizations and societies. The main question of this article is: What policies or solutions has the Quran provided for crisis management, focusing on the "Battle of Uhud"? The goal is to provide crisis management policies, focusing on the "Ehud War". The findings of the research indicate that the Holy Quran provides policies in the stages before, during and after the crisis. These policies include: determining the scope of the crisis through consultation, preventing the collapse of the forces and giving morale and hope by reminding of the guardianship, help and divine aid, as well as correcting the beliefs of the forces, reminding the fulfillment of the promise of divine help, reminding of valuable rewards, calling for the continuation of resistance, The promise of final victory, creating peace, mental and spiritual improvement by remembering the comparison between sufferings, forgiveness, analysis of the factors of failure and learning lessons. The research method is descriptive and analytical and using interpretations of the Holy Quran. And to achieve the classified pattern, the theme analysis method is also used.

Due to the existence of different ethnicities in the demographic composition of the country and changes in internal developments and some ethnic attitudes in neighboring countries, the need to pay attention to ethnic currents has doubled. Predicting ethnic crises in terms of practical purpose, and in terms of descriptive method with a survey approach of the statistical population is 30 security experts in the information society, which after examining the theoretical foundations and library studies and interviewing experts, 18 components In the form of 2 dimensions, "aristocracy over crisis actors and aristocracy over crisis roots and developments", a researcher-made questionnaire was identified and distributed after confirmation of validity (expert judgment) among 5 security experts. The result of Cronbach's alpha (0.86) was reliable The certificate that is distributed among the statistical community and using descriptive and inferential statistics indicators through SPSS software is analyzed and the results indicate that the dimensions and components of the identified information aristocracy include; Crisis actors and crisis-making roots and developments have a significant effect on predicting ethnic crises

This study seeks to investigate the ISIL terrorism crisis in Iraq based on Michael Bercher's crisis management model. Accordingly, this study believes that the emergence of the crisis of terrorism and ISIS in Iraq includes four stages of creation, continuation and intensification, reduction and end and consequence. According to the mentioned hypothesis, the theoretical framework of Michael Bercher Crisis Management has been selected for this research. The main question in this study is what causes and factors have played an effective role in these four stages and how the crisis in Iraq has been managed in the face of ISIS. Findings show that socio-political factors have been effective in the crisis phase, economic factor, and land occupation, the ability to recruit in the intensification and continuity phase, military operations and cutting economic arteries in the crisis reduction phase. This research is descriptive and analytical and the method of data collection is documentary and library.