جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « financing » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Based on financial theories, capital structure is affected by different factors. Recognizing these factors is of high importance in evaluating and determining the optimal capital structure. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of macro-economic policies and their instability on capital structure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchanges. Hence, macro-economic policies and their instability and the effect of each factor on financial leverage as the index of capital structure were investigated and tested. The sample consisted of 206 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchanges in 2011-2019. Static ( multiple linear regression) and dynamic (autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) )models were used to analyze the data. The obtained results from static models show that money supply, government spending and government spending volatility have a significant negative impact and rate of inflation and money supply volatility have a significant positive impact on financial leverage of companies. Considering the obtained results from dynamic models, money supply, exchange rate and money supply volatility have a positive impact and government spending rate of inflation, exchange rate volatility, government spending  volatility and inflation volatility have a negative impact on financial leverage of companies in the long term. In situations in which companies are uncertain about time, content, and the possible effect of the related decisions on economic policies and their instability, investigation of economic policy consequences and uncertainty seems significant. The results show the significance of the stability of economic policy in the business environment and decisions related to financing.

Political parties play an important role in the political developments of different societies in the contemporary era. For this reason, the investigation of their financing methods is of interest to the legal systems and laws in every country. Among other things, it is possible to mention the financing methods of parties in Iran and America, which is the main goal of the present research. With regard to this important goal, the question arises, what are the methods of financing political parties in Iran and America? The findings show that the political parties in Iran are dependent on the government, and most of all, the Ministry of Interior, the Party Commission and the House of Parties are responsible for providing the expenses of the parties, which causes stagnation and ineffectiveness of the role of the parties in the arena. It has become the country's policy. In the United States, parties provide their financial needs through three ways: political struggle committees, soft money, and independent expenses. These different procedures have caused the dynamics of parties in Iran to be less tangible. However, in the United States, financial institutions of political parties, due to their tendency towards capitalism, bring enormous expenses into the political arena of this country. In Iran, even though these capitalist tendencies are not seen in a legal way, but due to the influence of politicians in the financing of parties, there are also concerns about the lack of financial transparency. In this article, the descriptive and analytical method is used, citing library sources.

The purpose of this study is to "International efforts to combat the financing of terrorism and the approach of the Iranian legal system to it". The method of compiling this research is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that the most effective ways to combat terrorism is to fight financing and drain their financial resources. To this end, countries, either directly or through the United Nations and resorting to legal means, have prepared and prepared documents in this regard. Internationally and within the framework of international law, measures such as the ratification of conventions and the formation of working groups have been taken to eliminate the financial resources of terrorists. In terms of their importance and formal validity and binding description, Security Council resolutions, in particular Resolution 1 adopted in 2001, are of paramount importance; Secondly, the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (3), drafted by the United Nations; Then, there are the eight special recommendations as well as some related forty recommendations of the Financial Action Group. Counter-terrorism financing is currently being pursued in a variety of ways, including taking precautionary measures to identify prematurely transferred resources to assist terrorist operations, as well as response measures such as punishing perpetrators of terrorist financing and seizing assets. They have become an international obligation.

The purpose of the present study is to review the role of Iran in combatting the financing of terrorism. The main research question is: What is the strategy of Iran in combating the financing of terrorism? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the research results show that some ani-terrorist measures of the Islamic Republic of Iran include: blockage and confiscation of terrorist property and assets, giving information about transactions that are suspicious in terms of terrorism, increasing executive cooperation with other countries regarding investigation about financial resources of terrorism, obligation of the systems of money transfer to observe rules and regulations against money laundering, intensification of measures about customer identification in cases of phone transfer in national and international levels, and reforming rules and regulations to reassure so called charity and non-profit organizations are not used for financing terrorism.

The development of the oil and gas industry in Iran requires financial resources, which unfortunately the government is not able to provide all of them with its budget constraints. Therefore, attracting financial resources from abroad to implement such projects can increase production capacity and job creation in the Iranian economy. The present study was an examination of the challenges of the legal system governing the foreign financing contracts of the National Iranian Oil Company. International oil contracts have many fluctuations in the nature of the general terms of the contracts, so it is essential that this study compares the financial challenges with financing by comparing and reviewing the necessary scientific articles in this field with an analytical, comparative and descriptive approach. As a result, Iran's oil industry has made every effort to achieve the goals set out in the Vision Document. What can be deduced from the results of the research is transparent international laws in the oil industry.

The country’s sports industry (Given the complicated situation and existing technical and economic sanction) must be capable and the necessary technological tools relying on the power of innovation and increased the country’s talent. Offer meet sports needs and dealing with the complexities of the future, requires foresight to ultimately, the result of efforts and innovation from effectiveness, Persistence, and have the necessary capabilities for the future environment. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to sports policy in practice and futurism on the agenda and organizational priorities and the country’s sports institutions. Thinking policy and knowledge is intertwined and knowledge of foresight, is a complementary phenomenon in public policy and Lay the groundwork for foresight and possible Key variables in the relationship between futurism and sports policy (Organizational Structural, Sports, Participation, Financing) has checked. In this research, Organization and policy-making process and organizational foresight described and the results obtained, in order to fit properly, as far as possible between organizational foresight and policy-making generalized, So, The Key achievement of this research, the realization of future sports policy is focused at the national level.

After the Second World War, developing countries that were going to plan an economic development course encountered the privileged position of developed countries in various fields related to economic development and realized their own disadvantages in those areas. Therefore, by various means including UN help, they tried to obligate developed countries so they should specially and non-reciprocally implement measures for their benefit.The special treatments expected by developing countries that have been repetitively and continuously brought up by the UN are: amending the structure of global economy, suitable pricing for exports of preliminary goods, removing tariff-/non-tariff-based barriers, market access, financing development and technology transfer. Developed countries, notwithstanding some exceptions, have not accepted non-reciprocally any binding obligation related to the kinds of aforementioned treatments; but have volunteered to do so. Positive consequences of those attempts have been trivial compared to under-developed world requirements. Albeit, some developing countries have been able to exploit the situation in a better way with desirable management. Developing countries must rely on their own potentials for economic development not on the aids of other countries. Documents and library based methodology were used in this study which is descriptive and analytical.

As in many other countries, the conflict of interests between productive and banking sectors in Iran is evident. Sometimes, productive sectors mislead banks, and spend the loans received from banks on speculative activities, which lead banks to avoid offering low-interest financial services for productive sector. In this, framework, the shortage of financial resources, heavy interest rates, the long process for getting a loan, and the limited period for repayments have provoked much satisfaction among people as well as productive sectors. In this paper, having reviewed the problems with Iran's banking system as well as its possible origins, the Japanese banking model implemented from 1927 to the mid-1970s is introduced as a solution for reconciling the banking sector and other sectors. In order to resolve this conflict, Japan pursued three principles: managerial and ownership-based link between the banking and productive sectors, governmental control over the banking system, and long-term financing of industrial projects by governmental financial institutions. The Japanese banking model can be used to design a new model in which the interests of the banking sector are consistent with productive sectors in Iran.

The article aims to present the experiences of the countries having a proper status in the ranking of the World Health Organization or their tariffs models have been frequently used in Iran. Delphi method and opinions of experts have been used for presenting a proper model and solutions. Data collection about Iran and other countries is based on library recourses until the end of 2011. Methods for determination of medical tariffs in these countries are affected by the financing system of the health sector. In countries with an integrative approach، the priority is given to the method of purchasing services، the professional associations are responsible for determination of medical tariffs، and the government has a regulatory role and final announcement of the tariffs. In countries with Beverage model، the focus is on the public sector and the tariffs are determined by receiving opinions of professional associations. In Bismarck model، the focus is on the sickness funds، which mostly purchase services. Regarding the current situation of Iran and based on the research findings، the structure، organization and management of medical tariffs require revising. In determination of medical tariffs، participation of all relevant groups and centrality of relative value units are suggested. Due to the geographical area of Iran and the significant difference in the consumer price index، especially in medical products، the regional approach should be the second priority. The research findings could be used for the structure of policymaking in the Supreme Council of Health Insurance.