جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « unity » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

With the victory of the Islamic revolution and the clergy`s occupation in the political affairs arising from it, the political functions have originated from the religious functions. Investigating the single category of religion and politics and the establishment of the Islamic system is one of the primary goals of this research, which tries to answer the question of what kind of objective and subjective relationship between politics and the clergy has emerged in the establishment of the Islamic Revolution, and what functions the clergy has. In response to this question, the hypothesis is based on the fact that maintaining and strengthening national-Islamic unity and solidarity is one of the most important effective institutional functions that highlights the role of the clergy in the development of the Islamic system. The findings of the research, which is analytical and based on the theoretical framework of functionalism, show that protection, support and political expediency in the direction of the establishment of the Islamic system, strengthen the institutional areas in the social and political fields.

In the path of establishing itself, the Islamic Revolution faced many challenges from the beginning of its days, one of the most important of which is the eight years of holy defense. The invasion of Iraq's Baathist regime into Islamic Iran was carried out with the support of major world powers. On the other hand, the fighters of Islam, with their courage and initiative, were able to overcome this difficult time with pride. The bravery, sincerity and initiative of the warriors of Islam was able to strengthen the Islamic revolution and open the way for the issues before it. Therefore, eight years of holy defense has had a positive effect on the Islamic revolution, and knowing the components and indicators of this effect can help us in understanding the pattern of holy defense in solving the new problems facing the Islamic revolution. therefore; Knowing the components and indicators resulting from the eight years of holy defense is a necessary matter and the central issue of this research. This article collects information and data in a library form and examines it in a descriptive-analytical form. Of course, he leaves the resulting pattern of components and indicators to future research.

The system of existence, as the manifestation of God's will and providence, is subject to laws and traditions that are neither changeable nor replaceable. One of these traditions is the manifestation of truth and its victory over falsehood, which is expressed in the word revolution. Therefore, being revolutionary and staying revolutionary is the key to the life, stability and survival of any revolution, which is realized in the light of having scientific and conscious knowledge of the word revolution under the title of "revolutionary literacy". Therefore, the present study investigates and recognizes the components of revolutionary literacy and its conceptualization. In this regard, by reviewing the existing literature and studies and the menus of the Imams of the Revolution, 11 components out of 23 components were identified as the final components of revolutionary literacy, which were used to determine the relationships between the set of components by using a new analysis called interpretive structural modeling. After determining the matrix and drawing the boundary lines, the components were identified and categorized based on the level and driving of force and dependent. The unity component was determined as a link component that has influence power and also a strong driving dependent. I In the light of such a result, it can be stated that the word revolutionary does not mean a basic individual, single-mindedness and self-willedness, but it is based on the scholarly view and vision of the social collective, from which the meaning of unity is inferred and extracted. So, with scientific evidence, it is argued that the focal point of revolutionary literacy is a component of unity, which has been and will be the key to the realization, formation, life continuity and survival of any revolution.

Unity is one of the Qur'anic teachings that the fulfillment of some divine promises is conditional on its formation in Islamic society. Although the Holy Qur'an has commanded unity and prevented division, in practice this fact has not been realized and there has been division and disunity among the Muslim Ummah from the beginning until now. This article aims to examine the function of ideal unity in the evolution of the Islamic Revolution. It has been organized in a descriptive-analytical method and by adapting the performance of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) to the commands of the Qur'an, it has provided a new definition of how to implement unity in the Islamic Ummah. The result is that: a) In order to achieve unity, the three pillars of society, the common charter and the leader and axis of unity are needed. In relation to the target community, it can be divided into different forms and several layers. Also, depending on the time and circumstances, even a certain type of it may be in different urgencies, but it is thought that what corresponds to the fulfillment of divine promises in the Qur'an is a special type of unity of faith, which was referred to as ideal unity. Leadership plays an irreplaceable role in the unity of faith, and in advancing its main goals.B) The ideal unity of the divine order, the implementation of which follows his satisfaction and leads to various successes effective in promoting society and improving the quality of the work of the Islamic Revolution. Malicious people are identified and their sinister plans are thwarted.

In this article, we try to explain and compare the method of the English Shi'ism current with that of the taqrib current in the face of Islamic denominations with a descriptive-analytical method. The English Shi'ism current believes that unity is not achieved in the shadow of taqrib approximation, it would occur in the shadow of the clarification of conflicting issues; Because by expressing controversial issues, people's awareness increases and they choose the side of truth, and the society reaches unity of action and expediency. As a criticism of this method, it can be said that the purpose of the approximation and unity of Islamic denominations is not the unification of Islamic beliefs and denominations, but rather the absence of conflicts and conflicts. Apart from this, the approximation method is never against the explanation of controversial issues. The most important strategy in approximation from the Supreme Leader's point of view are: mutual respect for each other's sacred values ​​and symbols; relying on common principles instead of relying on different branches and knowing the enemies of Islam and confronting their conspiracy.

Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Kashifa al-Ghatta 'is one of the reformers of the last century in the Islamic world, and one of the most influential and prominent jurists in the socio-political developments in the Islamic world, especially in Iraq. With his jurisprudential-political thoughts and ideas, he played a significant role in the awakening of the Islamic Ummah. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, after a brief expression of jurisprudential views, thoughts and socio-political thoughts of this Shiite world have been studied. In addition to teaching, writing useful works and Shiite religious authority, he carried out extensive activities in various parts of the Islamic world due to the movements of the colonial governments in Iraq and the Zionists's efforts to emigrate and occupy Palestine and form the state of Israel. In Islamic societies and lands, along with exposing the enemies of Islam, Topics such as: returning to the Islamic identity and the greatness of the beginning of Islam, the strategy of unity of Muslims and Velayat-e-Faqih are among the most important thoughts of this Mujahid world.

In recent years, conflict between Shia and Sunni, division and excommunication has become one of the main problems of the Islamic world. But the divisive and takfiri currents are not exclusive to the Sunni society, but there are similar currents among the Shiites as well, which, for various motives and reasons, beat the drum of conflict and conflict with the Sunnis, and a suitable platform for differences is division. And they create takfir among Muslims. A group that is referred to as "English Shia" and "Israeli Shia" in the domestic media and the literature of the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the current research is, what are the intellectual and epistemological characteristics of the anti-unity trend attributed to the Shiites? What practical approaches does this stream have and what are the consequences of their performance and approaches? The hypothesis of the present research based on the documentary method is that the anti-unification Shia trend is characterized by certain characteristics such as ax-seeking, anti-unification,

The present article analyzes the discourse of national solidarity in the era of Holy defense. To doing this, the characteristics of the national solidarity discourse in the era of Holy defense have been identified. In this study, reviewing the theoretical foundations of national solidarity as one of the most important requirements of achieving sustainable national security, and nationalism and its critique, a series of assumptions were written to formulate the conceptual framework of the present study. Findings show that the imposed war caused the competition for political power among the political elites to be largely eliminated by the atmosphere of Holy defense and protection of the country from foreign invasion and national solidarity between different ethnic groups be strengthened. It was also derived from a discursive atmosphere. This discourse was formed against the rival discourse of Iranian nationalism and provided the basis for national solidarity during the holy defense. Also, Imam Khomeini was the main factor in creating national solidarity during the holy defense. Accordingly, the master signifier of the discourse governing national solidarity in the era of Holy defense has been unity.

Review :Following the example of the great men of Islam, the founders and activists of the field of unity and rapprochement of Islamic religions, an effort was made to prevent division and hypocrisy among Muslims and for religious coexistence and collective identity in the new world system and the necessity of unity in Islamic society. To be one of the topics discussed and considered in jurisprudence, entitled "Jurisprudential principles of the rules of divisiveness among the Islamic Ummah" and to examine the rules and rules of jurisprudence on this issue; By referring to religious sociology and according to historical evidence, divisions and differences cause the disintegration of societies and nations.In the knowledge of jurisprudence, the important issue of preventing division and leading to the rapprochement and unity of different religions has been considered to the extent that the great jurists have made every effort to ensure that the ruling of sanctity is inferred from the principles of jurisprudence. To create divisions, differences and obligatory rulings for unity and rapprochement between religions, and with this, to take a big step towards creating unity and preventing divisions and dualities, and as a result, have a tremendous impact on the convergence and cohesion of Muslims in Islamic society. . This article is organized by library method, descriptive, theoretical analysis and content matching.Keywords: principles, jurisprudence, rules, divisiveness, Islamic society, unity, approximation.

The introduction of the philosophical concept of "algebra" into the field of criminal law due to the changes resulting from the school of research along with "authority" led to "punishment" as the most traditional type of guarantee of criminal execution, "social defense measures" and "measures". "Security" should also be included in the vocabulary of this field of law as one of the new facilities of criminal law. This challenge, which was accompanied by a spark of political opinion, created a difference in the choice of the type of criminal response, which is later referred to as the "unity of the penal system" and the "duality of the penal system." In the legislative sphere, in the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, the legislator, on the one hand, by repealing the Law on Security and Educational Measures of 1339 and allocating these measures to the crimes of children, adolescents and the free, and on the other hand, expanding additional punishments that sometimes have the nature of security measures. Has complied with the procedure of the French Penal Code 2005. This action has created the scandal of creating a unified penal system and related criminal policy; This means that the legislature has placed criminals under a system of punishment by limiting the scope of security measures to control them. The issue is different in the penitentiary system, which allows the reaction against criminal talent. Depending on the act, the degree of severity, the heinousness and the manner in which it was committed,

Islamic unity of its desirable and fruitful type, that is, efforts to achieve a kind of unity in interests and goals and convergence in religious beliefs, by those who have many commonalities in Islamic beliefs, one of the most important of which is the thought of Mahdism; In fact, Mahdavi's thought as a soft power establishes a process in which humanity influences people's thoughts (elite and common people) through behavior in accordance with the tendency of each Islamic sect and in the form of a non-violent tool and causes works, movements and behavior. The common one, which is the unity of the Islamic world, takes a step towards changing the mentality and behavior of the target society. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collection is through the study of library documents and documents, which examines the basics of recognizing and strengthening the unifying components of Islamic religions in the light of Mahdavitism, in precious religious texts. The findings indicate that this thought is a kind of future-oriented thoughts and attitudes, and in fact, a futuristic approach. The unifying pillars of Mahdavi thought include imamate and guardianship, and universality, justice, security, and growth and development are the characteristics of Mahdavi society, which works in the realization of the unity of the Islamic world as a soft power.

Examining Iran's foreign policy towards the Syrian crisis is a very important issue that has different approaches. In this research, taking into account Iran's strong supporting role in the continuation of the Syrian government, the following questions are addressed: What theory can best explain Iran's foreign policy regarding the Syrian crisis? To what extent has this policy been successful and what consequences has it brought? The findings of the research indicate that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Syria mainly has a security aspect and is aimed at confronting threats and maintaining regional influence, so its explanation is from the perspective of realism approach and specifically the threat balance theory. It is more suitable. This policy has been successful in curbing direct security threats, especially the strengthening of Takfiri groups in the western region of Iran, as well as maintaining the regional influence of the Islamic Republic, however, it has also brought some shortcomings and consequences. We can mention the widening of religious divisions in the region as well as the decline of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and aligned groups in the Arab world. On the other hand, the limited view of military security on the Syrian area and the weakness of Iran's economic diplomacy, as well as the actions of other influential actors in Syria, such as Russia, to expand the sphere of influence have also had negative effects on Iran's interests in this region. In this research, a descriptive analytical method was used and the data collection method is library.

What and how the relationship between science and religion is one of the most important challenges in the field of science and knowledge in the Islamic world and especially in our country. According to the famous classification that is agreed upon by many thinkers in this field, this relationship can be divided into four categories: conflict, differentiation, interaction and unity. This research seeks to answer the question by using the library study method and by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, what are the criticisms of some Muslim thinkers under the four relations between science and religion? Based on this, under the relationship of the conflict between Ahmad Kasravi and Mehdi Bazargan, under the relationship between the differences between the views of Abdul Karim Soroush and Mustafa Melikan, under the title of the interaction between the opinions of Hossein Al-Attas and Ali Paya, and finally under the relationship of the unity of Hossein Nasr's opinions, a brief review is carried out. has taken. The results obtained from this research indicate that under the relations of conflict, differentiation, interaction and unity, the views of some critics can be seriously criticized, and as a result, there is a logical and maximum connection between science and religion and the production of religious science. Only possible is desirable.

National unity has been highlighted in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, as well as the functional and legal structure of the Islamic Republic. However, considering the political and cultural dynamics of the Iranian society, it seems very necessary to explain the theoretical model of national unity in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. On the other hand, it seems that explaining the components of national unity and related political requirements in general and political sphere of society has been associated with difficulties, mainly due to reductionism in the category of national unity and providing narrow definitions of this concept despite ethnic pluralism. , Has been cultural and religious. Accordingly, the main question of this article is that; What are the theoretical components of national unity in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, and based on this, what is the approach of the political discourses of the governments to the issue of national unity? To answer the question, library data collection and descriptive-explanatory methods have been used to analyze the data. The main research hypothesis is presented as follows; "The roots of identity national unity in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution are based on the three networks of Iranian identity and patriotic norms, which are institutionalized within the framework of the principles of good Islamic governance and constitutional and civil rights. This theoretical model has three components; "Denial of the pattern of cultural unification is the principle of justice-oriented cultural convergence and the central concept of returning to oneself."

The following paper is an attempt to represent the challenges and obstacles of cultural engineering in the field of cohesion and unity in the Islamic world. This article, organized by descriptive-analytical method, and in terms of achievement or result is a research of development-applied type and in terms of research purpose is exploratory type and in terms of type of data used is a qualified one. The results of analyzing and combining the collected data show that "cultural ideological conflicts", "multiculturalism in the Islamic world", "gap between cultural changes and tactics", "sovereignty of ethnic and tribal structure", "lack of common cultural understanding of unity and cohesion", "the rule of security attitude to ethnic and religious demands" may be regarded as the important issues in the challenges facing the Islamic Republic in the cultural engineering of unity and cohesion in the Islamic world. This study considers the "feasibility of facing challenges" as one of the most important outputs of representing these challenges.

Pilgrimage is a concept for the movement of human beings by determining a sacred destination, and the Arbaeen pilgrimage is one of the emerging forms of pilgrimage in Iran that has been considered in recent years. The Arbaeen Walk emphasizes the cultural-doctrinal issues more than any other element, because the Arbaeen and the Ashura epic have great potential for re-reading and interpretation, and the different spectrums of society each somehow relate to this category. The Arbaeen Walk is a multidimensional phenomenon involving the experience of pilgrimage, economics, politics, identity, the environment, and social issues, and is a religious community to achieve a sacred movement in which there is no innovation. Relying on the qualitative approach and analyzing the interviews with students, professors and staff of Allameh Tabatabai University, the present article seeks to analyze the perception and interpretation of these pilgrims from their lived experience of this trip. After analyzing the qualitative data, three main themes were identified. These pilgrims consider "unity-building and solidarity and empathy" as the most important opportunities for the Arbaeen walk, and also consider "lack of health" and "lack of travel facilities" as the most important characteristics of the weakness of this pilgrimage. From the perspective of this group of academics, "culture building" and "providing health services" can help to better hold the Arbaeen Walk.

Sunnis in the Islamic Republic are one of the cultural groups which have influences in social relations. Cultural groups have many different capabilities, if we have good interactions whit them, we can benefit these capabilities, but if the interactions with them was not based on principles, it results in divergence. So, if we want to design appropriate strategies the first step is Understanding the general policies of the Islamic Republic in related with them.
In the present study, we seek to discover and explain the general policies of the Islamic Republic from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei as the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic in interaction with Sunnis. This study has been done with the grounded theory method and the data has been collected from his lectures, messages, commands and his political behaviors a bout Sunnis.
In general, it can be said that the main axis of his thought is unity, which includes various dimensions.

The present study seeks to examine the Qur'anic documentation of the awakening of human society based on the innate unity of human beings.(Problem) the leading article tries to explain and study this matter by using the library filing method and quoting verses and narrations,(Method)paying attention to natural brotherhood and brotherhood among human beings results in the awakening of humanity and innate unity on a large international scale.(Hypothesis) The Qur'an emphasizes the unity of human beings by attributing them to a single parent, being a single nation, on the unity of human beings at the level of humanity. In the Holy Quran, the word brother is used absolutely in relation to the brotherhood of the believer and the polytheist and the believers together, in such a way that the Messenger of God calls the disobedient and polytheistic people his brother. The attention and emphasis of the Holy Qur'an on this issue strengthens the brotherhood and relationship of brotherhood between human beings, their innate love and natural unity and this kind of unity is inalienable and universal. The attention of different governments of the world to issue, interaction and communication combined with security, provides the ground for the growth and development of human societies and this unity will be a platform for the manifestation of monotheism and common religious beliefs.(Findings)

One of the preoccupations in the components of governance systems with any different ideology is protecting the environment by implementing international environmental law. This article's main issue is to analyze the implementation of international environmental law in the Iranian legal system. The importance of the issue is increasingly recognized in the extra-legal component and through the fundamentalization of international environmental law. This principle is reflected in Articles 77 and 125 of the Constitution and Article 9 of the Civil Code, which considers international treaties as "national laws". Thus, on the one hand, legal opportunities are provided as a necessary basis for implementing international environmental law. However, the question here is, what are the obstacles or challenges for implementing environmental law in the Iranian legal system? This article attempts to analyze the legal and practical gaps related to implementing international environmental law in Iran and presenting  suggestions to solving those issues.