جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "arabic language" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The present article is a translation of Professor David Samuel Margoliouth's (1858-1940) paper, in which eleven words have been added to the extensive list previously compiled by Arthur Jeffery (1892-1959) for foreign words used in the Quran. These words are categorized into Hebrew/Aramaic, Syriac, and Ethiopian languages. Furthermore, the author has endeavored to complement Jeffery's masterpiece while maintaining the analytical and writing style. Examining Persian translators indicate that Persian-speaking researchers have not yet paid attention to this article. They have also tried to provide this valuable article in a more suitable form for readers by adding explanatory notes.

Criticism and study of literary works, especially those that deal with specific types of literary types and have gained a lot of acceptability among linguists, is of great value. In the meantime, reviewing and criticizing valuable works such as "Mjm'a Al'amthal" Book by Abolfazl Meydani, which was written in the early periods of compiling Arabic literature, to prevent the change, distortion, and destruction of the valuable heritage of proverbs, to collect, describe and explaining such language becomes double. In this regard, the present study intends to provide a more profound and scientific knowledge of this valuable work in structural critique and the descriptive-analytical method. Existence of a coherent plan in arranging this work and paying attention to the expertise and scientific and linguistic ability of the author in framing the internal structure, selection, description, and explanation of proverbs using Quranic evidence, poems, narrations, stories, lexical dictionaries, show the strength of the scientific and citation aspect of the book and a unique style and awareness in arranging the book following the diversity of tastes of the audience and it has justified ignorance of some shortcomings of this work. It has made it a unique work among its peers using its linguistic and cultural backgrounds in strengthening the linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage of the Arab people.

Curriculum planners are always looking to revise curriculum content. The "Arabic language teaching" curriculum in 2016 was revised by Farhangian University and replaced the "Arabic language and literature secretary" curriculum. Considering the effect that the curriculum has on improving the level of knowledge, skills and attitudes of students, it is necessary to be scrutinized. Therefore, the present study seeks to address the pathology of the curriculum in this field. The research information was obtained through documentary studies and by using quantitative and descriptive methods and using the researcher-made questionnaire in a statistical population consisting of professors of Farhangian University of Tehran, in a purposeful and comprehensive manner. The results show that the most important quantitative changes have been the reduction of the share of specialized units from 93 units to 54 units and the increase of the share of educational courses. A significant reduction in the units of texts and history from 46 units to 8 units, and the reduction of language skills units from 36 units to 20 units are among the new weaknesses of the new program. Increasing the internship units from 4 units in two semesters to 8 units in four semesters and defining thematic-educational courses and teacher work experience are among the strengths of this program.

The subject of this research is the expression of the role of Arabic language and literature in the transfer of Islamic culture and civilization to modern Spain (Islamic Andalusia). This mapping began since 92 AH, the beginning of the Muslim presence in this land, and lasted for nearly 8 centuries. What was transferred to Andalusia as a heritage of Islamic culture and civilization during this period is in the form of written works and oral narrations, which are often translated into Arabic and its use requires the familiarity of Andalusians with this language. In this article, based on descriptive-analytical method, the main question has been what is the role of Arabic language as a bridge between Islamic culture and civilization in the East and Christian Spain in the West? According to the findings of this study, Islamic culture and civilization spread in Andalusia during the 8th century, especially in the first centuries of Islam, where almost all of its content could be transmitted in Arabic and only in this language. As a result, the Arabic language became important to both the people of Andalusia and the rulers for the transmission of religious teachings as well as the connection of Andalusians with the government. Subsequently, steps were taken to address the existing needs, such as the establishment of schools, libraries, and the transfer of scientific resources and scholars from the East to Andalusia.

The book entitled “Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval” is a compiled and translated book, without any specific author, that has been translated by Jaafar Mehrad and Maryam Naseri. If we assume that information retrieval is the heart of the field of knowledge and information science, then we can claim that if it is done in user’s natural language, the language by which she/he lives and seeks information, the result will be much more useful for her/him. Therefore, a book on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval will be of great value for the information field and profession. Furthermore, the introduction of a course entitled “Natural Language Processing” in PhD curriculum with a minor of “Information Retrieval” necessitates the existence of such a book due to the shortage (and perhaps lack of) such a source for this course. However, there are some problems with the book that will be discussed in some detail in the section on the critique and evaluation of book’s content. Some other discussions will also be presented on the citation and referencing problems in the same section. Using some tables, the relationship among the terms translated in the book, vocabulary, and index will also be discussed.

The following essay is the third part of the article, the first part of which was published in the 185th issue (December 2016) of Ayneh Pajuhesh, in which the author criticized Muṣtafawī's translation of the Qur'an in the book Tafsir Rushan. In this part of the article, the author first examines the causes of translation errors and then cites examples of errors arising from the translator's disregard for Arabic literature and his reliance on the principles gained from his lexical research in the book Al-Taḥqīq fi Kalimāt al-Quran.

The following article is the second part of an article, the first part of which has been published in issue 183 (August and September 2020) of Ayneh-e-Pajuhesh, in which the author has criticized Mostafavi's translation of the Qur'an in the book Tafsir Roshan. In this part of the article, the author first examines the causes of translation errors and then cites examples of errors arising from the translator's disregard for Arabic literature and being highly influenced by his principles and lexical research in the book Al-Tahqiq fi Kalmat al-Quran. In this article, such cases have been reviewed.

In our literature and culture, using the word “tāzi” meaning “Arabic language” or “Arabic race” has a long history. However, some people have considered using this word as a kind of disrespect, and a sign of taking stance against Islam or Arab. In the present article, the author talks about the structure of this term. Reflecting on the way the word “tāzi” has been used by the scholars of the religious sciences and old literature, the author makes it clear that there is no sign of insult when one uses this word.

Conjunctions making up a group of 10 types are of importance in Arabic. One of them -or- which is equivalent to "or" in Persians relates follower and followed in terms of meaning and role. It is said to have many implications in different contexts including Qur’an. This research is focused on the properties of this conjunction in both languages and the most important semantic features of them, and their grammatical structures. Also, it investigates the relationship between context and diexis in determining the meaning of the two conjunctions. The paper is based on an inductive-analytical methodology. It is a comparative study between “or” in Arabic and Persian. The study is aimed at describing grammatical, rhetorical, and semantic differences and similarities between them. For that matter, we selected poetic and prose passages of the holy Qur’an and those of Saadi, Molavi and Hafez. Research results are: “Or” in Arabic is used between the follower and followed while in Persian it is used before follower and between follower and followed. “Or” in Arabic and in Persian has multiple semantic meanings. Some of these semantic meanings are shared between these two languages while they can differ in terms of semantic aspects such as detail and pure differentiation which are commonly used in Arabic but are absent in Persian. ​

Considering that contemporary prose texts, in addition to the educational aspect, more than any time, reflects the culture and beliefs of a community and influences them; a book that is introduced as the reference for the curriculum, in addition to proper structure and content, it should be in line with the latest literary theories and approaches, so it could fulfill its literary mission. For this reason, this research, by using the method of rereading the work in both quantitative and qualitative analysis, has tried to see does the book ‘Malameh Al-Nathr Al-Hadith &Fonouneh’ by Omar Daqaq, Mohammad NajibTalawy and MoradAb-AlrahmanMabrouk has enough potential to be used as a reference for the curriculum of Arabic language and literature? The results show that, in spite of its advantages, such as a completely legible font, ideal layout and technical performance of some the authors of this book, but it has many quantitative and qualitative disadvantages that if it is used as a reference for the curriculum, it would be very weak and incomplete. Some the quantitative disadvantages of the book are very little use of punctuation marks and not having index, the list of references and the bibliography of the history of literature at the end of the book; and some of the qualitative disadvantages of the book are not being reprinted after 18 years, thematic and content deficiencies of the titles, irregularity and incoherence of the text, inadequate citation, lack of multiple, up to date valid and resources and also defective presentation of the titles and wrong inference.

Conditional sentence is a cohesive structure whose components are interconnected just like a series of chains. If any component in this structure is omitted, the whole structure falls apart. 
The system which makes coherence between components of the conditional sentence is divided in to two parts; verbal and semantic relationships, The semantic relationship in conditional sentence is signified by the emergence of contextual relationship witch is contributed to the emergence of the semantic textures of the conditional sentence which is linked to verbal relationship.  
Due to the importance of the semantic relations in conditional sentences, this study, which is conducted by descriptive analytical method, aims to investigate the semantic relationship between the components of the conditional sentence with examples of Arabic and Persian Languages and indicates the contextual relationship of these structures. The most important findings of this study show that concomitance relation is the main aspect in the relationship between components of the conditional sentences, also, the Causal relation is a subdivision of the concomitance relation.

In the present era, The topics related to semantics took on greater depth and scope. and scholars in this field have introduced diffrent discussions and opinions on this issue, and linguistics knowledge especially semantics became independent. Echoes of linguistics scientific activities of scientists of the West in recent century moved to the Arab world and some Arab thinkers tested modern scientific approaches in Arabic. One of these scientists is Ahmed Mukhtar Omar who authored the book " semantics " and tried to research in the Arabic language by using semantics modern theories and tried to recognize different theories that have grew through previous eras. The work has been translated into Persian by Seyyed Hossein Seyedi. This study aims to analyze this work, and consider its strengths and weaknesses by relying on the analytical and critical metods.In this regard, at first we review the origin text bereifly then analyze its translation. The survey finally concludes that this book can be used just as a subsidiary book for courses in philology, etymology and Applied Linguistics and Translation, but it can’t be used as a textbook. Because it isn’t exhaustive.

Reviewing the literature on teaching Arabic language in Iran will be a guide for future research; and it paves the way for us to present various strategies, as well as approaches and new ways of teaching and learning in the field of applied linguistics. Hence, in the present paper, the author is going to use the basic library method to introduce the researches which have been carried out on teaching Arabic language in Iran in two parts of articles and theses.

The movements aimed at defending Muslim women rights, which had been formed in the Islamic world under the influence of western feminist movement, led to emergence of feminist readings of the Quran by the end of the twentieth century. This approach proposes the ideology that, based on the verses of the holy Quran, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had set particular value and personality to women; however, after the Prophet, predisposed masculine exegeses of the Quran have dominated. The feminist reading of the Quran advocates the equality between men and women by considering the equality of their creation. As its methodology, this kind of reading draws upon hermeneutics and content-based approach in interpreting the Quranic verses. It necessitates focusing on gender-specific nature and syntax of Arabic language in interpreting the Quran. The proponents of this approach believe that a good number of women-related Quranic instructions and decrees like polygamy, Hijab, and other legal issues could be construed differently.

This study attempts to examine the multilingualism in Algeria, in other words, the phenomenon of linguistic diversity which characterizes the Algerian reality and its relationship. For that matter the article visualizes the linguistic level of learners especially children, highlighting the characteristics of the multiplicity of its causes and manifestations. Here, the descriptive methodology is used to trace historicity of the language, describing its forms and fields. Since the issue of research is required to demonstrate the impact of this pluralism in Algeria and tries to draw actual linguistic state in the African nation, the paper accidentally reaches to some results showing the multiplicity of treatment without harming national and linguistic identity. It confirms that the Arabic language is above any multiplicity and such case by combining the origin status which is specific to the language, which represents the spirit that keeps the identity and not to the exclusion of the linguistic diversity that protects the identity of those as well.

Literary figures or rhetorical ornament are those devices which are employed by men of letters to adorn their language. These figures are not a part of language but are the product of time and environment where language grows and flourishes. Considering the closeness of Persian and Arabic languages and the existing evidence one can say that almost all Arabic literary figures are also used in Persian. The way these figures are introduced in Persian shows that they are presented sometime with The same names and functions as in Arabic; Name less used in Arabic; New names or a translation of Arabic names; Somehow altered function; A completely different function. In this research it is shown، however، that some Arabic literary figures are not used in Persian. In Persian there are some figures which the Persian speakers have borrowed from other languages and aren’t mentioned in ancient Arabic books written on this subject. On the other hand، modern authors pay less attention. In her study of some samples the researcher in this article highlights the relationship between the science of rhetoric and this science showing that in both languages the issues of the above science deal also with literary figures. The article finally proves that rhetoric for the first time was introduced as an independent science in Arabic language and the speakers of Persian followed the Arabic example.

Reviewing of the college textbooks has an effective role in promoting the educationally defined goals and revising the teaching methods according to the needs of the audience and helps the textbooks to come closer to realizing the pre-set goals. College textbooks are particularly important due to their specific audience and as such demand great care in their writing process. Considering the need that some humanities disciplines have to the Arabic grammar books، reviewing such books is a great help in improving the teaching methods of Arabic grammar. Hence، the book «The usage Rules of Arabic Language» by Seyyed Fazlollah Mirghaderi and Zahra Riahi was chosen to be introduced to the audience and be reviewed for its deficiencies in terms of perspectives and writing errors. Thus، after an introduction on the Arabic grammar books، first the book is introduced and then the main features and shortcomings of it are elaborated on.

Sixth century can be considered as the period of Arabic literature influence on Persian language. Maybe because of knowing Arabic spread among the educated class, the influence of Islam and the development of religious schools, and also interest in Arabic literature and attention to Quran style which is the source of eloquence in Arabic literature are the main reasons of its emergence in the Persian works. Among Persian texts, from the view point of abundance, diversity and also the spiritual and literal relationships, Arabic language has appeared mostly in historical texts. Taj-al-Zaman Afzal-al-Din Ahmad-ebne-Hamed Kermani Kuhbanani, one of the great writers and historians of the sixth century and the early days of the seventh century, is among those authors who have written their works in literary prose style and under the influence of gloating atmosphere of knowing Arabic which included the texts of that age. This article tries to analyze the emergence of Arabic language in the sixth century prose; Then among presenting a division, expresses the related cases in Afzal-al-Din Kermani’s works.

The study of the methods Now used in organizing the textbooks and their content in the fields of Humanities in education al system shows that these methods have not an appropriate scientific stand. Studying and reviewing the specialized books in humanities and introducing the features and defects existed in them can be an effective way for organizing these books. In this essay، after a brief introduction about the necessity of attention to reviewing of textbooks in humanities and the importance of the course ‘rhetoric’، especially the book Javāher al-Balāgheh، in the field ‘Arabic Language and literature’، the book Javaher al–Balagheh has been reviewed.