جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « q methodology » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The purpose of this article is to investigate the capacity of studying contemporary social history based on archival documents of social communication. The issue that is evaluated based on an obvious principle in this article is related to the concept of communication. Since the social life of a human gets its meaning in the interactions and communication with others, can it be said that the conceptual study and thematic analysis of issues related to social communication will lead to the unraveling of all the hidden aspects of social history? Therefore, the main premise of the article is a temporary answer to such a question. From this point of view, it seems that the study of documents related to social communication will, to some extent, lead to the understanding of the state of social history.  For this target, we tested the proposed hypothesis in a sample. Since Abadan was one of the pioneers of the social transformation of contemporary Iran due to industrial developments and the use of modern civilizational components, it creates an appropriate model for measuring the capacity of this research experiment, in the study of these developments and methodological extension to other places. In order to check the aforementioned hypothesis, first, common communication concepts were extracted from a number of international communication encyclopedias. In the next step, the number of 6128 archival documents related to the issues of Abadan city was obtained by searching in the "RASA" software of the National Library and Archives Organization through the "Abadan" descriptor, and through several stages, communication documents were purified and studied in parallel with the study of social history.   The results showed that among the examined documents, 238 documents have standard communication content and are in accordance with international encyclopedias. In other words, the results obtained from the point of view of communication professors generally show that the study of archival documents of social communication is effective in clarifying more than half (54.71%) of the issues related to social history, which is the optimal capacity of archival documents with a communication theme for the study of social history. despite the fact that the problem of society is equal to communication, these types of documents alone do not have the full capacity to analyze and measure social history. It can also be added that the issue of communication as a variable in the analysis of the state of social history has received less attention from researchers in related fields such as communication science, history, sociology, and interdisciplinary topics corresponding to the topic. Therefore, examining this issue in a methodological approach is a new thing. From a theoretical point of view, the use of archival documents as one of the reliable historical sources, within the framework of historicism and the Annales school, has a relatively strong support. This school's emphasis on micro-narratives that intersect with official narratives, as well as attention to the necessity of understanding the state of society in connection with other fields of study such as social sciences and the like, naturally adds to the validity of using archival documents. On the other hand, paying attention to the views of Benjamins and Knoblauch, who state that communication has the ability to include all domains of society's actions, or Habermas's philosophy-oriented views, which emphasize the praxis project such as communication action and the evolution of the human species from both social-historical and technological perspectives. has emphasized the importance of understanding communication in order to understand and identify aspects of social issues, including social history.

Background and

Traffic accidents are one of the main challenges in the field of road transportation and safety. Various factors such as the condition of the road, human factors, vehicles and the surrounding environment play an important role in the occurrence of the accidents. Modifying or removing accident-prone points has a significant effect on improving the level of safety and reducing road accidents. These changes can minimize damages and losses caused by accidents. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of accident-prone areas of Haraz road in Mazandaran province based on the mental patterns of heavy vehicle drivers.

This research is applied in terms of objective, descriptive method and in terms of data collection and analysis; it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). Data collection tool is structured interview and Q table. In the qualitative part, by conducting a structured interview with 30 drivers of heavy vehicles (people according to previous records) and analyzing them by thematic method, different opinions were extracted regarding urban accidents (70 statements and 30 items).

Based on the obtained results, six mental models have been presented to determine the indicators of accident-prone points based on the perspective of heavy vehicle drivers.

The result of this research showed that the expressions of sudden reduction in road width, sharp and steep turns with reduced visibility and limited one were the most important factors from the heavy vehicle drivers’ perspective.

Poverty is a pervasive problem that impacts various aspects of human life and is caused by a range of factors. To address this issue effectively, a practical and scientifically-sound approach is necessary. However, in Iran, a homegrown theory for tackling poverty is lacking, which some experts attribute to the ineffective nature of social research in the country. We believe that one of the main reasons for this non-scientific approach is the absence of a coherent paradigmatic framework in these studies. By critically examining the methodological and paradigmatic frameworks of poverty studies, we can identify their shortcomings and gradually move towards a more scientific and effective approach. In this study, we focus on social studies of poverty in Iran, which have primarily relied on a positivist framework. Through a methodological and paradigmatic analysis, we aim to demonstrate that these studies have certain limitations, such as pre-determined results and a lack of value neutrality, which are fundamental attributes of positivist research. Our findings can help move social research in Iran closer to the goal of achieving more scientific and effective outcomes.

The diverse spectrums of the Qoranists’ movement are among the currents that have addressed the challenges of contemporary jurisprudence. The author of Tafsir al-Furqan, Mohammad Sadeghi Tehrani, is one of the Quranists who paid attention to and analyzed this challenge. Based on the theoretical framework of Spriggan’s crisis model and its four phases, this article investigates Sadeghi Tehrani’s attitude toward a few of his possessions. Sadeghi considers the abandonment of the Quran and separation from it to be the most significant methodological and content challenge of contemporary law. On this basis, he attributed the crisis or the issue of abandonment of the Quran to a false interpretation of the Quran, the interpretation of the Quran with narrations rather than vice versa, the preference of an uncertain tradition over the Quran, the humanization of the Quran, and external factors such as colonialism. The only ethical solution is the total Quranic revolution. Therefore, existing Islamic sciences, particularly jurisprudence in the general sense or jurisprudence of Akbar, do not consider it as Quranic and criticize it. In contrast to traditional Tafaqquh and dynamic Tafaqquh, he proposes Tafaqquh Guya as a solution to the challenge of contemporary jurisprudence. According to him, Tafaqquh Guya is founded on the unquestionable acceptance of the Quran as proof and the reference to the unquestionable Sunnah on its margin, which renders all Islamic sciences inebriated. This Quranic fiqh encompasses all personal, social, and political domains. Sadeghi Tehrani believes that the optimal situation will occur when Imam Zaman appears, which will usher in the Quranic revolution and Quranic government. According to him, the phrase “coming with a new book” regarding the Imam of the time, which is mentioned in some narrations, does not refer to a new Quran but rather to the extant Quran, whose teachings have been disregarded throughout history.

Years of practice and innovative encounters with the field have led to finding a special research approach and a special methodology that has equipped Morteza Farhadi to remove the formal layers of phenomena and reach social reality. Because these approaches and methods have emerged from the heart of Iranian society, they probably have a higher ability to overcome the difficulties of epistemology or the truth-seekers in this field. Therefore, clarifying the order of the mentioned techniques in Farhadi's works, which constitutes the problem of the present research, can help researchers to better understand Iran's society. The main goal of the current study was to try to extract the fundamental elements of the research, especially the indigenous methodology in the works of Morteza Farhadi and present a clear picture of it. The method of this research was qualitative and focused on the works of Morteza Farhadi. Based on the findings of the research, Farhadi uses a special methodology, which is called "deep three-dimensional description" while using transcendental realism. In this method, Farhadi pays attention to both the depth of the components of a phenomenon, its historical dynamics, and the geographical extent of the studied phenomenon. Thus, his method is a combination of case studies, historical and generalizable methods that are well correlated and have internal coherence.

Conscription is a concern that is of great importance to young people and even their families at the current situation, therefore, several studies have addressed various aspects of this subjcet. The most important question of this dissertation is whether the boys with academic exemptions at the University of Tehran in postgraduate studies have retained in the university due to conscription suspension or not? In response to this question, the understanding of the mental arrays of boys with academic exemptions in postgraduate studies at the University of Tehran regarding the issue of retention in the higher education system has been examined with emphasis on the suspension of the conscription.

Accordingly, the research was conducted using Q methodology and taking 48 statements from the c and collecting data from 119 participants, all of them were graduate students of the University of Tehran. This method is used to identify the subjectivity of the agents. Because the nature of the present study is exploratory, Q methodology will be the best option for data collection. For this purpose, after extracting the propositions, Q sorts were designed and data were collected from participants in the form of Q table. Factor analysis technique was used to analyze the data.

Analysis of participants' opinions using factor analysis technique identified the final 8 factors. Each of these eight mindsets addresses a particular understanding of the phenomenon of persistence in the higher education system in relation to the suspension of conscription, which has been examined in depth. The scales weigh a little heavier on the "suspenders". This group of agents each tries in some way to suspend the service by remaining in the higher education system. The other group of agents showed interest in the university but still agree with the first group on their aversion to military service. Among the extracted factors, the factor of "academians ready to serve" is a very different factor that indicates the relative tendency to both environments, and the factor of "interest seekers" also shows a utilitarian approach to both environments.Results and

Although the views of the participants could not be generalized to the whole community in Q methodology, the results clearly showed that conscription policies in Iran have not been effective for students and some are trying to suspend it through possible channels. Military policies in Iran put pressure on students and their families, as well as on the military and conscription system itself, and can alienate students from the university environment and reduce the efficiency of the military. It seems that the all-volunteer army that is being formed in many countries of the world can be a good option to change the military in Iran, but we must also pay attention to the different geographical, political, social and cultural characteristics of Iran in this change.

A Framework for Science Policy Making; Interaction of Natural Sciences and Humanities, by Mohammad Reza Qaemi Nick, claims to deal with the issue of science policy. The focus of this article in criticizing the mentioned book is on the approach and the evaluation of its historical topics regarding science will not be much discussed. In terms of the quality of writing, the book is not in a good condition, and in some places, you can see mistakes in writing and grammar about words and sentences. Also, in relation to the format and formulation of the book, it should be said that the process of converting a research work into a book has not been done well and is accompanied by shortcomings. These defects are seen both in changing the format and formulation of a research to a book, and in the sentences and writing of the book, and can show a kind of haste. Regarding the attitude of the book, it should be said that the idea of the "colonial process of acquiring knowledge" is prominent in this work, which is subject to serious criticism. This approach sees science as a project rather than a process and is the foundation of the idea of localization and Islamizing the humanities, which itself is a place of criticism and serious questions. However, the main criticism of this article is related to the methodology on which this book is based. The methodology known as the fundamental methodology adopted by the author to analyze the topics is the place of doubts and challenges that I have tried to point out some of them.

In the last two decades, there has been a thriving debate on the possibility or nature of "native science" in the general field of humanities in Iran. The status of "social science" in Iran is a part of these discussions, and "sociologists" themselves have been and are part of the localization debate. This article refers to the opinions and opinions of a group of Iranian social science professors and experts in the aforementioned time frame, to categorize the opinions of the supporters and opponents of indigenous social science in Iran. The article shows that at least three main points can be identified in the discussions of indigenous social science in Iran: the positivist perspective, the continental-postmodern feature, and the perspective of Islamic wisdom. What is common between these three people and their representatives is the emphasis of all three on dealing with science and sociology to the specific issues and topics of each society, and the special attention to its specificity, including the historical specificity and identity of the Iranian society: the first group believes. Fixed and universal theoretical principles and foundations belong to modern science and these principles should be used to understand and solve the local problems of Iranian society. The second group believes that these principles are different for every society and culture, and understanding Iranian society requires identifying the specific cultural and historical principles and rules of this society. The third group definitely has the social beliefs of the first group about the global identity of science, but they consider the theoretical foundation of the modern scientific platform to be wrong and believe that there are alternative foundations to the Islamic wisdom for indigenous knowledge. In this article, the general orientation of "fundamental methodology" is used.In this article, the general orientation of "fundamental methodology" is used.

In the contemporary era and along with the admittance of modernity into the Iranian society, Iranian women have redefined their identities in the shadow of major social changes. However, the procedure of changing women's traditional roles as well as their presence in the public sphere has been a challenging process. These women are struggling with the structure of gender inequality in their identification process. Having employed a feminist approach and a qualitative and phenomenological method, the researchers of the present study have investigated the lived experiences of the women whose presence and employment in the press have given them different experiences as compared to their male counterparts. Accordingly, we conducted narrative and in-depth interviews with 16 women working in the press of Mashhad who were selected based on purposive sampling. Experiencing unequal distribution of power, wealth, prestige and opportunities, gender division of labor, the presence of gender stereotypes, gender sociability, the presence of gender ideologies, gender blindness in the workplace, feelings of relative deprivation, self- objectification, reliance on sexual capital by some women in the workplace, and strategies against the structure of gender inequality, are themes and concepts that explain the lived experiences of the women who participated in this study.

The present research was conducted with the aim of Identifying of mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff. The dominant paradigm of this study was mixed methodology.This research is applied in terms of goal, and is qualified method in terms of the method of data collection. The Concourse in this study included 14 people of (Culture and Islamic Guidance government Office, Education) and universitis professors, with backgrounds in culture development studies. The study population of this study consisted of 21 Entrepreneurs in Ilam were chosen as sample by the targeted judgment method. Fourthly nine Phrases were extracted based on the interviews. A questionnaire consisting of 49 cards and an answer sheet. Data analyzed by Q exploratory factor. Based on the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, six types of Religious and fatalistic, Folk Mentality, responsible, Scientist, Legalist, Moral individualistic were categorized. The results showed that the mentality of the participants in the mental models 1 and 2 was the same with the characteristics of the traditional and pre-modern societies. At the same time, the participants in the third and fourth categories had a very good mentality towards development because they have paid attention to values such as sense of commitment, participation, scientism and innovation. In general, the results showed that the participants' mental pattern of the cultural development of the community is at a moderate and lower level.

How do people choose to be apathetic while confronting unfavorable situations? Agents make decision about their reaction in the wide range of interactive situations which they experience in their daily lives on the basis of three fundamental factors: personality traits, social position and cultural context. This paper aims at investigating the influence of cultural context on cultural logic as a platform to explain the reasons behind choosing apathy while people confronting unfavorable situations. The study applies Garfinkel and Sikorel's ethno-methodological theories to outline this target.This data has been collected through, semi-structured interviews and reviewing research studies. referring to the results, agents create social apathy as a social phenomena regarding cultural values and norms which gradually had been formed during their unique background. In the same way, interviewees willingness to act apathetically against unfavorable situations is being made in a united network of cultural context which is shaped by three main elements: “Distinguish”, “Expediency” and “effectiveness”.

Gender justice means entitlement justice for women and men. The discourse of change seeks to reduce the jurisprudential inequalities between men and women in order to achieve this justice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the methodology of this discourse and provide a desirable methodological roadmap for achieving gender justice. In this regard, by analytical-critical method, the works of writers after the Islamic Revolution on these inequalities have been studied. Under this discourse, "non-jurisprudential and intellectual approaches" undermine the credibility of the book and tradition. But jurisprudential and quasi-jurisprudential approaches still insist on the validity of some jurisprudential arguments. Under these recent approaches, the "change approach in implementation" considers the scope of change only in the implementation stage of Sharia rules. The "change approach in infallibility" considers the stage of inference of  Sharia rules to be changed, and is formed by "discovering new branches" and revision the reasons with the conventional methods in jurisprudence. And the "setting of new principles approach" achieves new jurisprudential ideas by ijtihad in the rules of inferring the Shari'a ruling themselves and acquiring new methods. Despite some criticisms of these approaches, some of their rules are acceptable. And the desired order in them for achieving gender justice is as follows: First, the establishment of new principles and the revision of the rules of inference; Second, discovering new branches and revision the reasons; Third is the change approach in implementation on the assumption that  inequality leads to corruption, and fourth is the discourse of stability on the assumption that no justified change is proven even in the execution stage.

Nick Trakakis, the contemporary philosopher of religion, in his book “The End of the Philosophy of Religion”, presents his idea on the relationship between metaphilosophy and methodology of the contemporary philosophy of religion in both analytical and continental traditions. Before entering into the controversial debates and issues of the philosophy of religion, he tries to understand the methods and goals pursued in the philosophical traditions, as well as to analyze and critique the strengths and weaknesses of these traditions. To achieve the above goal, Trakakis deals with the design and formulation of the distinction and similarity of philosophical styles in the two analytical and continental traditions. Trakakis examines the examples of thinkers from these two traditions and concludes that the religious philosophy in the analytical tradition seeks to assume a particular point of view in metaphilosophy and philosophical methodology, within the narrow confines on scientifically rationalized and logical arguments - independent of the concrete and existential concerns of human life. While introducing analytical key themes in his book “The End of the Philosophy of Religion”, this paper critique the Trakakis 's views from a methodological point of view and its relationship to metaphilosoph.

This article is a review of the “Routledge Handbook of Planning Research Methods”. The review attempts to summarize the content of the book and to show how understanding the methodology affects the work of academics and professionals. Among other methodology books, The Routledge Handbook is a genuine reference and the reasons can be summarized as follows: Unlike other dominant sources, this book has specifically explored the relations in the field of planning and stays within the discipline. It has also attempted to promote methodology from rigid and homogeneous entities to academics to the dynamic practices in the personal, social, and professional lives of researchers. Numerous articles in the book are mostly concerned with the link between theory and practice, and to establish this link they underpin the research production process. In the end, a brief evaluation of the content of the book is made and the necessity of incorporating it into the formal planning pedagogy is stated.

Curriculum development and design of learning systems have become a sophisticated process due to diverse set of learning needs and differences in learners' interests, contents, teaching-learning approaches and the impact of political, social and economic factors, and, hence, decision-making about this complex process and its related factors must be done scientifically. Therefore, choosing the effective approaches that lead us to make appropriate decisions is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Analytic Network Process in decision making for the curriculum development based on philosophical method. In this paper, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, and differences between the Analytic Hierarchy Process with Analytic Network Process were analyzed. Then, the nature of the curriculum design and the complexity of decision-making in this field were discussed, and its correlation with new methods was analyzed. The findings indicated the efficiency of the Analytic Network Process in managing the challenges of curriculum implementation, recognizing the influential and complex factors in curriculum development, developing futuristic outlook toward curriculum changes, and analyzing the educational needs which are beneficial for researchers and curriculum planners.

Recent advancements in the social impact assessment of science have shown the diverse methodologies being developed to monitor and evaluate the improvements for society as a result of research. These assessment methods include indicators to gather both quantitative and qualitative evidence of the social impact of science achieved in the short, medium, and long terms. In psychology, the impact of research has been mainly analyzed in relation to scientific publications in journals, but less is known about the methods for the social impact assessment of psychological research. Impact assessment in the domains of educational psychology and organizational psychology presents synergies with bottom-up approaches that include the voices of citizens and stakeholders in their analyses. Along these lines, the communicative methodology (CM) emerges as a methodology useful for the communicative evaluation of the social impact of research. Although the CM has widely demonstrated social impact in the social sciences, less is known about how it has been used and the impact achieved in psychological research. This article unpacks how to achieve social impact in psychology through the CM. In particular, it focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of the CM, the postulates linked to psychological research and some key actions for the implementation of the CM in relation to the design of Advisory Committees, working groups, and plenary meetings in research. Furthermore, it shows how the CM has been implemented in illustrative cases in psychological research. The article finishes with a conclusion and recommendations to further explore the ways in which the CM enables the social impact of research in psychology..

Design science has recently been considered as a research methodology that differs methodologically and philosophically from conventional methodologies. This methodology goes beyond descriptive-explanative researches and takes steps to solve problems. Though this methodology uses the research qualitative and quantitative instruments in the process of data-gathering and data-analyzing, the aim of the research is not to provide a mere description or explanation of problems or phenomena but to solve a social-technical problem through designing an artefact, model, procedure, and so on. Despite the importance of this methodology in areas such as management, information technology management, policy-making, and some other areas in social science, little attention has been given to it in Iran. That is why, lacking a solution-oriented attitude, almost all the published research papers in the field of social science concentrates on the description or explanation of problems or phenomena. In this article, while introducing and analyzing design science as a research methodology, exploring its philosophical foundations, and presenting the common frameworks in this field, we will examine its application in Iran.

Along the presence of women in organizations, based on The Sixth Development Plan, 30% of management positions in Iranian government agencies, must be occupied by women. However, the path of women's advancement in organizations faces many challenges. One of these challenges is the "derailment" phenomenon. Leadership and managerial derailment, has become a pervasive organizational phenomenon, which will have negative consequences for the individual and the organization. This study attempts to identify barriers of derailment, and the mental pattern of successful female managers in public agencies of these barriers. In this study, using Q methodology, all barriers of derailment were collected from the subject literature. These barriers, formed the Q-concourse. Then by selecting a sample of 15 successful female managers in Iranian public agencies, the dominant mental model of these managers was identified, by Q-sorting. The results indicate that having specialized knowledge, effective communication, and having a personal and long-term perspective, are the most important barriers of derailment of female managers in Iranian public agencies. The results also indicate that successful women in public sector of Iran, In addition to maintaining their feminine and delicate spirit, do not consider childbearing and the responsibility of raising a child as an obstacle to their growth and development. In contrast, by strengthening the mentality of independence and perfectionism, they strengthen professional growth and learning, and lead their career path.

sources (books and traditions)or secondary sources(fatwas and concepts)or a combination of the two to discover school theories, while explaining the operation of discovery: Islamic theories based on Islamic law and Discover concepts.In the present article,based on his performance and based on the analysis of the principles of jurisprudence and philosophy of science,the correct method of citation in recognizing school theories is judged. To cite primary or secondary sources in the discovery of religious theories, the following assumptions can be made: 1.The distinction between religious theory and its source, in reference to secondary and primary sources.3.Separation between types of religious theory, in reference to primary and secondary sources.3.Refer to secondary sources assuming no access to primary resources.4.Refer to primary sources if there are no secondary sources. Hypotheses one and two are rejected, hypothesis three is acceptable, and hypothesis four is acceptable. Hypothesis four is based on the ranking between sciences, the affirmative precedence of"jurisprudence of theory"over"jurisprudence of rulings" and the positive delay of" jurisprudence of theory" from "jurisprudence of rulings".The dichotomy between real and apparent judgment does not impair the validity of Shahid Sadr's performance in citing secondary sources.