جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « طرحواره » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema-based training in the area of autonomy and impaired performance on academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation among female middle school students. The statistical population included female students of the first period of middle school in Tehran province for the academic year 1400-1401. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of general design, with pre-test, post-test, and control group. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, two schools were selected. From each grade in each school, 10 students were randomly chosen, totaling 60 students, who were then placed in experimental and control groups. Both groups responded to the academic self-efficacy questionnaires by Jerry Jing and Morgan (1999) and achievement motivation by Hermans (1977). The experimental group underwent 9 training sessions. The training package, based on schema, was developed by the researcher and had content and face validity, qualitatively and quantitatively determined by a panel of 10 experts with two validity coefficients: Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. Results showed that schema-based training significantly and positively affects academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation (p<0.01).

The aim of the present study was to present a structural model of panic disorder based on early maladaptive schemas with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity and mentalization. The research design was correlational and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all people suffering from panic disorder who visited psychological and counseling clinics in Tehran in 2023. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 132 of these people who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Yang's (2005) primary maladaptive schema questionnaires, Reiss and Peterson's (1985) anxiety sensitivity, Dimitrovich's mentalization (2017) and Leibowitz's panic disorder (1984) were used. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS26 and AMOS24 software were used. The predictor variable of primary maladaptive schemas directly (β = 0.39) and indirectly with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity and mentalization (β = 0.15), (β = 0.12) on panic disorder. The effect was positive and significant (p < 0.01). Also, anxiety sensitivity and mentalization had a direct effect (β=0.45), (β=0.49) on panic disorder (p<0.01). The results of the research indicated that the initial maladaptive schemas can be a strong predictor of panic disorder, and anxiety sensitivity and mentalization as mediating variables are part of the influencing process in the formation of panic disorder symptoms. It is recommended to hold training workshops in the field of primary maladaptive schemas, anxiety sensitivity and mentalization, and also therapeutic interventions should address these factors.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting styles and the anxiety of being single, with dependency schemas and u​ndeveloped self serving as mediators. The employed research method was applied and descriptive correlation. The statistical population comprised all Tehran University students enrolled for the 2020-2021 academic year; it totaled 50,000 individuals (2970 women and 2030 men). From this population, 334 were selected using the accessible sampling method 242 women and 92 men. Perception of Parents Questionnaire (POPS), Fear of Singleness Scale (FOBSS) and Young Schema Short Form (YSQ-SF) were utilized in the research.The data were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics methods. In order to assess the proposed model, skewness and kurtosis and path analysis methods were used to ascertain the data's normality. Utilizing SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 23, the data were analyzed. A significant relationship was observed between the perception of parents’ parenting styles and both undeveloped self and dependency schemas, as well as between the aforementioned schemas and fear of being single, according to the findings. Both the direct and indirect perceptions of the mother’s parenting style and the father's parenting style through dependency schemas and an undeveloped self were negatively associated with dread of being single. The proposed model of the relationship between perceived parenting styles and dread of being single, mediated by dependency schemas and undeveloped self, is consistent with the findings of the study. These results have the potential to greatly influence children’s critical decision-making processes by discouraging the adoption of inappropriate parental techniques.

Academic buoyancy is an important variable for high school students succession. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training on academic buoyancy of high school female students.

The study method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group with two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research includes female high school students in Jiroft province during Fall of year 2021. In the first stage, 48 female high school students were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on the convenience sampling method, and in the next stage, they were divided into three groups through a simple random sampling method (16 students in each group). For data collection, Hosseinchari & Dehghanizadeh 's academic buoyancy (2012) were completed in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow up. Cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training was performed in 8 sessions (one session per week) for 90 minutes. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test was used by SPSS.26.

The results of the research indicated that there was a significant difference between cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training with control group in academic buoyancy (p<0/001, F=26.11). There is no significant difference between cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training in academic buoyancy.

It can be concluded that, cognitive-behavioral training and educational perfectionism schema-based strategies training were effective in increasing the academic buoyancy, therefor these training can be used for high school female students.

Gifted students suffer from psychological damage caused by heavy academic load.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Schema-oriented Mindfulness intervention on the social anxiety symptoms and experiential avoidance in gifted female students with social anxiety.

The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. For this purpose, among the 14 to 18 years old gifted female students with social anxiety in the academic year of 2022-2023 in the Isfahan city, who were identified based on the La Greca’s Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescent; 38 persons were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (19 person in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes per week of Schema-oriented Mindfulness but the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The students completed La Greca’s Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale and Gamez’s Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance with repeated measurements method.

The results of data analysis showed that Schema-oriented Mindfulness has a significant effect on reducing social anxiety and experiential avoidance in the post-test and follow-up stages (p< 0.001).

According to the results of this research, Schema-oriented Mindfulness intervention can be used to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety and experiential avoidance in gifted adolescents. 

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the symptoms of social anxiety disorder based on primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.

The research method was correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all students of the University of Science and Research in the academic year of 2022 in Tehran province which were selected as a multi-stage random sampling. The number of 306 people who scored higher than 40 in the Connor social anxiety questionnaire. Data collection tools included Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire and Social Anxiety Questionnaire. In order to analyze the obtained data, SPSS19 and AMOS24 software were used.

The predictor variables of primary maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style directly and indirectly with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity had a significant effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01). Also, anxiety sensitivity had a direct effect on social anxiety disorder (p<0/01).

Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment style can be strong predictors of social anxiety disorder, and in the meantime, anxiety sensitivity as a mediating variable is part of the influencing process in the form of Taking signs of social anxiety.

Narcissistic personality disorder is a very complex disorder that leads to significant problems in people with the disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with narcissistic personality disorder mediated by early maladaptive schemas. The correlational research design model was structural equation modeling and its statistical population included students of Urmia University in the academic year 2019-2020. 225 students were selected through available sampling and narcissistic personality questionnaires, distortions. Cognitive completed Abdullah Zadeh and Salar, Nourbakhsh Child Abuse and Young's maladaptive schema. The results showed that the paths of childhood trauma, cognitive distortions and early maladaptive schemas with narcissism and the paths of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with primary maladaptive schemas are significant. Also, the results of using Bootstrap test showed that indirect pathways of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with narcissistic personality disorder through initial maladaptive schema have a fit index. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that early maladaptive schemas can affect the structural relationship between childhood trauma and cognitive distortion with narcissistic personality disorder.

Due to the lack of a Persian version of the present instrument, the present study examined the psychometric properties and functional structure of the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire in female students of the Islamic Azad University of Varamin.

The present study was descriptive-applied research with field method. Data collection tools included Young Lewis et al. (2018) positive schema questionnaire, the short form of Young Wilburne et al. (2002) schema questionnaire, Loveband Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scale (1995) and Young and Parenting Questionnaire. Et al. (2003). To evaluate the face and content validity of the opinion of 11 experts in the field of psychology and to evaluate the construct validity and internal reliability of 468 samples, for divergent validity of 135 samples and to evaluate the retest reliability of the data of 100 samples were analyzed. In this study, content validity method (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used to calculate content validity. In order to evaluate the internal reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used and in order to evaluate the time reliability of the retest method, divergent validity of Pearson correlation with SPSS software was used. Confirmatory factor analysis with LISREL software was used to evaluate the construct validity.

The results showed that the 76-item model with 17 factors was approved. Pearson correlation coefficient between the scores obtained from the two performances ranged from 0.68 to 0.87 and all were significant (P<0.001) which indicates a high correlation between the two tests and as a result the reliability of the appropriate retest of all subscales of the Young positive schema questionnaire.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the 76-item model with 17 factors of Young Positive Schema Questionnaire is a desirable tool for identifying and evaluating positive schemas.

The aim of the present study was to compare primary maladaptive schemas and historical memory in people with depressive, anxiety, and normal disorders. The study was practical and causal-comparative. The research population included all people with anxiety and depression disorders who presented to psychological clinics in the 5th district of Tehran in 2019-2020. Therefore, 90 people were selected for this research with three variables (30 people with depressive disorders, 30 people with anxiety disorders, and 30 normal people, 51 females, 39 males). The research instruments included the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMI) and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Data analysis was done through Student's t-test and analysis of variance in SPSS26 software. The results showed that the average difference of all five domains of primary maladaptive schemas in depressed and anxious participants compared with normal participants was significant at the 0.01 level, and these two groups had higher mean scores in all five domains of primary maladaptive schemas compared with normal people. they got The difference in the mean score of event memory in the two groups of normal and anxious participants is significant at the 0.01 level, and normal people scored higher average scores in this component compared with anxious participants.

The family is composed of members who each have a role in this and the woman is the most effective member of the family who manages the family and its upbringing and development as a social institution and thus plays the most fundamental role. The aim of this study was to predict family performance based on behavioral brain systems mediated by early maladaptive schemas of women referring to counseling centers. The present research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the present study included married women in District 1 of Tehran in 2019, from which 350 people were selected by convenience sampling. The tools of the present study include the McMaster Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al., 1983); the Scale of Behavioral Inhibition / Activation Systems (Carver & White, 1994), and the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young,

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment to parents and the perception of love trauma: mediated by maladaptive schemas domain of disconnection and rejection. This study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study included all single people with experience of emotional failure referred to the counseling centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran university, and Roodehen Islamic Azad University in 2021, by convenience sampling method 200 people participated as a sample. Data collection was performed using the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) (Young, 1998), Inventory for Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) (Rosse, 1999). The method of analysis of this research was the structural equation model. After modifying the model and eliminating non-significant relationships, the results showed that communication with parents has a negative effect on love trauma. Also, trust in parents and alienation from parents have a direct and significant effect on the schemas of exclusion. Rejection schemas have a positive and significant effect on love trauma. The results also showed that trust in parents and alienation from parents through the mediation of exclusion schemas have significant negative and positive effects on love trauma, respectively (P<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that love trauma was influenced by attachment to parents and maladaptive schemas domain of disconnection and rejection, so it is recommended to implement therapeutic interventions to improve these factors.

In the present study, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits with suicidal tendency was investigated through the mediation of the meaning of life.

The current research was descriptive and correlational (structural equation modeling). 420 secondary school students of Gachsaran city (215 girls and 205 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to measure the studied variables, Yang et al.'s (1998) maladaptive schema questionnaires, Neo's personality traits (McCree and Costa, 1985), Steger et al.'s meaning of life (2006) and Mehrabi's suicide tendency (2009) were used. In this research, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used with AMOS version 26 software. Mediation relationships in the proposed model were tested using the bootstrap method.

The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. Early maladaptive schemas had a negative and significant effect on the meaning of life (β=-0.11; P=0.017), but their effect on suicide tendency was not significant. Also, the findings showed that the personality traits of neuroticism (β=0.23, P<0.001), extroversion (β=0.19, P<0.002), agreeableness (β=0.17, P<0.003), and conscientiousness (β=0.48, P<0.001), had a significant predictive power of the meaning of life among students.

The results related to indirect relationships also showed that primary maladaptive schemas and characteristics of neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness through the meaning of life had significant indirect effects on suicidal tendencies, but the indirect path of trait empiricism to suicidal tendency through the meaning of life was not significant.

The aim of this study was to modeling marital self-regulation based on emotional schemas and behavioral systems with the mediating role of social exchange styles.

This descriptive study was conducted using a correlational design. Statistical population was all married female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, in the 2020-21 academic year of whom 420 students were selected using convenient sampling. They completed the Behavioral Self-Regulation for Effective Relationship Scale by Wilson et al., the Leahy's Emotional Schema Scale, the Carver and White's BIS/BAS scales and the Leybman's Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equations and Amos software.

In addition to the significant direct effect of emotional schemas( adaptive and maladaptive) and behavioral activation on marital self-regulation, fairness and individualism played a positive mediating role between behavioral activation and adaptive emotional schemas in marital self-regulation. In addition, individualism played a negative mediating role between behavioral inhibition and maladaptive emotional schemas in marital self-regulation.

In addition to the positive role of adaptive emotional schemas, behavioral activation and fairness style in marital self-regulation, the individualism style of social exchange had a different function in marital self-regulation of married women based on the type of emotional schemas and brain-behavioral systems and it could have a different effect on the cost/benefit estimation

The aim of this article is addressing the effect of cultural and linguistic familiarity with a text on the reading and listening comprehension and the duration of reading the text. In this study, Schema theory was adopted as a theoretical model which refers to our existing knowledge of the world. This theory was posed at first by Kant, but it was Bartlett who developed and applied it. According to schema theory, processing the text is facilitated by this existing knowledge accumulated in the mind of reader/listener (mental models). To do this, three texts of the 2021 IELTS READING RECENT ACTUAL TESTS book from the section of The history of woodland in Britain were given to three groups (control group, the group with any familiarity linguistic schemata of the texts, and the group familiar with cultural schemata of the texts), each comprised of 30 people. To investigate the effect of schemata on reading comprehension, listening comprehension and reading duration, and to compare these group to each other, the three groups participated in three tests. The results show that control group obtained lower score than the two other groups. The group that was familiar with linguistic schemata of texts got better score than the group familiar with cultural schemata of the text.

The purpose of this study is to explain marital commitment among married women based on early maladaptive schemas and locus of control with the mediating role of spirituality. The research method is purposive and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists of all married women who visited a total of 1095,000 households in the neighborhood in 2019, of which 347 individuals were selected through two-stage random sampling. Study instruments included the Marital Commitment Inventory (MCI), the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), and the Rotter Locus of Control Scale (RLCS). The data in the present study were analyzed using structural equation modeling and SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software. In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between early maladaptive schemas (β=-0.079, P=0.001) and locus of control (β=-0.171, P=0.001) with marital commitment was negative and significant. Based on the present results, it can be said that early maladaptive schemas and locus of control influence the level of spirituality of married women, which in turn increases or decreases their marital commitment.

The present study set out to compare perceived parental rearing styles and maladaptive schemas in students with social anxiety and normal students. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all female students studying in senior high schools in Baharestan County (Tehran Province) in 2013-14 academic year. Cluster sampling method was used and 140 students were selected via Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000) and General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). In the next step, a sample of 70 students with social anxiety disorder and a sample of 70 students without social anxiety completed: (a) Young Parenting Inventory (YPI, 1994) a questionnaire measuring perception of parental rearing styles, and (b) Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF, 1998) a questionnaire measuring maladaptive schemas. Results showed that students with social anxiety reported higher levels of emotionally depriving parenting, belittling parenting, controlling parenting, and punitive parenting compared to the normal group. Moreover, the students with social anxiety had higher levels of maladaptive schemas in comparison with the normal group (except for unrelenting standards and enmeshment/undeveloped self). These findings are consistent with the notion that family environment factors such as parental rearing styles and maladaptive schemas may contribute to social anxiety symptoms.

The present study aimed to develop a causal model of marital conflict based on attachment styles with the mediating roles of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance schemas in women on the verge of divorce. 

 The study was descriptive and correlational, and its statistical population consisted of women with marital conflict on the verge of divorce who visited the Family Dispute Resolution Council Center in District 3 of Tehran from May to November 2020. Using multi-stage random sampling, we selected three out of seven centers of the Family Dispute Resolution Council Center and the sample size of 440 was selected based on the sample power software. They responded to the Barati and Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000), Collins and Read adult attachment Scale (1990), and the Young Schema Questionnaire (1988), and they analyzed data using structural equations. 

 The results indicated the direct path of fitting the model from secure attachment with disconnection/rejection schema (β=-0.24)  and impaired autonomy and performance (β=-0.27), and avoidant attachment style with disconnection/rejection schema (β=0.16), and the impaired autonomy/performance schema (β=0.11), as well as ambivalent attachment style with disconnection/rejection schema (β= 0.50), and the impaired autonomy/performance schema (β=0.30), and between secure attachment style and marital conflict (β=-0.17) and avoidant attachment style (β=0.23) and ambivalent style (β=0.56) marital conflict with a positive effect size. Furthermore, the disconnection/rejection schema (β=0.39), and impaired autonomy/performance schema (β=0.40) had a positive direct effect on marital conflicts. 

 The research results indicated that the design of an appropriate structural model for predicting marital conflict based on the attachment styles with the mediating roles of disconnection/rejection and impaired autonomy/performance schema in women on the verge of divorce complied with the theoretical model and had a good fit. To create a coherent and favorable marital relationship, we can improve the couples' relationship by understanding their schemas, types of attachment styles, and confrontation of their mental elements.

The aim of this study was to predict unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness schema based on irrational beliefs of parents and parent-child communication patterns in the female adolescent. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included 49421 secondary school female students and their parent in Tehran in the 2016 year, among whom 290 were selected based on suggested formula by VanVoorhis & Morgan (2007) and considering the probability of sample loss by the available sampling method from Shahid Dastgheyb Girls' High School from District 13, Aien Islam Girls' High School from District 15 and School girls Azadegan from District 1. The study tools were Bagheri Parent-Child Communication Pattern Questionnaire (2013) and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 1988 which were completed by students and Jones Irrational Beliefs Test (1968) which were completed by both parents. After removing of 63 distortions and 8 outlier questionnaire, the collected data were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression method. The results showed that among the components of the father-child communication pattern, variables of the formality (β= 0.171), conditional value (β= 0.151) and interconnectedness (β= 0.312), and among the components of motherchild communication pattern, variables of the inflexibility (β= 0.181) and limitations (β= 0.155) and irrational beliefs of the mother (β= 0.196) positively predict the unrelenting standards/ hyper-criticalness maladaptive schema in adolescent girls (P= 0.001). It is essential to educate parents and create awareness about the contributing factors of unrelenting standards/hyper-criticalness maladaptive schema in adolescent, preventing the harm caused by maladaptive communication patterns and irrational beliefs of parents in many areas of adolescent life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy by Michael Ferry on modifying early maladaptive schemas and coping strategies of married girls. The study was a semi experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of the Department of Cartography and Geography of Tehran University. Among them, 30 were selected by purposeful sampling (entry and exit criteria) and interviewed and randomly divided into two experimental groups And control were assigned the same proportion and responded to the Yang Scheme (short form) and coping styles questionnaires in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Group intervention by Michael Frey Cognitive Therapy was performed in 12 sessions of 1 hour (2 sessions per week) on the experimental group, while control group members did not receive any treatment interventions. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the pre-test and post-test scores with the control of the effect of pretest on the variables of the initial maladaptive schemas and the coping strategies. Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested to adjust the amount of early maladaptive schemas (cuts and exclusion, self-regulation and impaired performance, disturbances, disability, and hearing impairment and inhibition) and coping strategies An emotional and increased strategy of coping with married girls was used to group cognitive therapy using Michael Frey's method.