جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « psychological hardiness » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

One of the deep cognitive processes that play a fundamental role in the development of anxiety disorders is early maladaptive schemas. Another underlying cause of anxiety disorders is the inability to emotion regulation. Also, psychological hardiness as an important personality structure is effective on the way and quality of dealing with Sources of anxiety. So far, no specific research has focused on presenting a structural model regarding the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation with the mediating role of psychological hardiness in patients with anxiety disorders.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a structural model of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and emotion regulation with the mediating role of psychological hardiness.

The design of the current research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all people suffering from anxiety disorders who referred to counseling centers and psychological services under the supervision of Tehran Welfare Organization in 2022. Using the random multistage cluster sampling method, 300 people with anxiety disorders were selected as the statistical sample of the research. To collect information from the questionnaires of the short version of the Early Maladaptive Schema -Short Form (Young, 1998); Emotion regulation strategies (Gross & John, 2003) and Psychological hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) were used. To analyze the data in this study, correlation and path analysis methods were used using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the proposed model has a good fit.The results also show that the schemas of disconnection and rejection, Impaired autonomy and Performance, orientation, over-vigilance and inhibition had a negative and significant effect on emotional reappraisal and a positive and significant effect on emotional suppression. Also, the effect of Impaired Limits schema on suppression was positive and significant. Psychological hardiness has a positive and significant effect on emotional reappraisal and a negative and significant effect on emotional suppression.

According to the results obtained, the mediating role of the psychological hardiness variable was confirmed in the present study, And since this variable increases a person's resilience and as a result puts her in a positive and healthy cycle, it is suggested that counseling centers therapists teach people with anxiety disorders techniques to improve psychological hardiness.

The purpose of this research was to predict social-emotional competence in the second-year primary school students based on the difficulty of emotional regulation and psychological hardiness of parents with the mediator role of parents' psychological flexibility.

The research method-correlation and the statistical population included all the students of the second level of elementary school studying in the academic year 2023-2024 and their parents in Bagh Bahadran city. 328 participants were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research tools are the Zhou and Ee’s Students' Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ), the Gertz and Roemer's Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), the Kubasa's Psychological Hardiness Scale (HS) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling.

The research findings showed that direct and indirect effects of psychological hardiness on social-emotional competence are significant. The direct and indirect effects of difficulty emotion regulation on social-emotional competence are also significant. The direct effect of psychological hardiness on psychological flexibility and the effect of difficulty in emotion regulation on psychological flexibility are significant. The effect of psychological flexibility on social-emotional competence is also significant.

The findings of this research reveal the role of emotional regulation difficulty, psychological hardiness and psychological flexibility of parents in explaining social-emotional competence. Also, the mediating role of parents' psychological flexibility variable in the relationship between other variables was confirmed.

This research aimed to predict the quality of life of hemodialysis patients based on alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological hardiness.

The current research was of a descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this study included all patients undergoing hemodialysis in Isfahan City in 2022. Accordingly, 294 participants (180 men, 114 women) selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tools include the alexithymia scale (Bagby and Parker, 1994), anxiety sensitivity scale (Reiss et al., 1986), psychological hardiness scale (Kiamarthi et al., 1998), and quality of life scale (World Health Organization, 1996). The research data collected using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and step-by-step regression using SPSS-27 software.

The results showed that alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity, and psychological hardiness could predict 49.5% of the variance in quality of life. Alexithymia predicted 42% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=-0.420), anxiety sensitivity predicted 25/7% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=-0/257), and psychological hardiness predicted 25/5% of the variance of quality of life (P<0.01, β=0.255).

Based on this, it can to conclude that alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity are among the factors that play an effective role in reducing the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Alexithymia is a dysfunction in emotional processing that leads to a decrease in the ability to identify and diagnose emotions. When a person suffers from advanced kidney disease, i.e., undergoes hemodialysis, he faces problems and defects in the fields of self-esteem and independence in performing health and personal behaviors, so the high level of anxiety sensitivity and these physical worries in these people can be considered a common reaction in chronic patients. Since the quality of life defined and interpreted depending on the definition of the individual and his beliefs regarding the situation in which the individual is, these patients find their quality of life low. On the other hand, hemodialysis patients faced with an uncertain future and the inability to maintain the previous values of life, or at least the inability to follow these values as before the disease, since they find themselves unable to make changes in the said disease. Therefore, they become aroused faster and try less than healthy people to control their emotional situations, such as anxiety and physical changes. Accordingly, replanting and planning for the development and training of psychological hardiness in hemodialysis patients leads to an increase in the quality of life

Aim:

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on psychological hardiness and parental burnout of mothers with autistic children.

Method :

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of this research included all mothers with autistic children who referred to Dasthaye Mehrabani School (Darya) in Isfahan in 2022. Thirty mothers were selected by purposive sampling method based on the entry and exit criteria and randomly replaced in two intervention and control groups (15 people in each group). Both groups before and after the intervention and 2 months later, in the follow-up phase, were given research tools including the Psychological Hardiness Inventory by Kobasa, Maddi and Kahn (1982) and the Parental Burnout Assessment by Roskam, Brianda and Mikolajczak (2018). The experimental group were treated based on emotion efficacy therapy in 8 sessions of 2 hours, but no intervention was done on the control group. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA. 

Results: 

Emotion efficacy therapy was effective on psychological hardiness and parental burnout (p< 0/05), and the effect of this change remained stable until the follow-up stage (p<0/05).

Conclusion :

Emotion efficacy therapy can be used to increase psychological hardiness and  decrease parental burnout among mothers with autistic children.

The aim of the present study was to explain the role of conformity and psychological hardiness in the pathological gambling of Golestan youth in 1401. The statistical population of the research included all young people and teenagers aged 16 to 30 years involved in gambling and had gambling behavior in Golestan province. The sampling method was based on the available targeted method and the number of statistical samples based on Green's formula was considered to be 164 people. The method of data collection was based on stubbornness questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982), Gambling Behavior Inventory (Colasanta et al., 2012) and conformity test (Latfi, 2012). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, and its value was found to be above 0.7 for the questionnaires. Likewise, content validity was used to test the validity of the questionnaire, and for this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS22 software in two descriptive and inferential parts (Pearson correlation and multiple regression). The results showed that 20% of the pathological gambling changes among teenagers and young adults are negatively and significantly explained. And in the second part, the results showed that commitment, control, and fighting are 28%, 26%, and 16% of the changes in gambling among teenagers and young adults in a negative and meaningful way.

The aim of this study was to determine the Model fitness Human Values and Marital Burnout with Mediation of Psychological Hardiness. The method of correlational research was structural modeling. The statistical population was married men and women living in Kermanshah city in 2019. 400 people by multi-stage cluster random sampling method based on entry criteria (having at least 2 years of married life experience and not going to marriage counseling centers and family court at the same time due to marital problems) and exit criteria (being disturbed) questionnaires) were selected and finally 257 people were determined as the final sample size. The Marital Boredom Scale(CBM) (Panis, 1996), Portrait Value Questionnaire(PVQ-40) (Schwartz, 2006) and Hardiness Scale(HS) (Kubasa, 1982) were used to collect data. In the data analysis from descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and in the investigation of the research model, first the statistical assumptions (the normality of the distribution of variables and confirmatory factor analysis) are examined and then the model analysis is done with the Pearson correlation method. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit (x^2/df=1.56, GFI=0.94, AGFI=0.90, IFI=0.96, TLI=0.97, CFI=0.97, NFI=0.92, REMSA=0.04). Psychological Hardiness (P < 0.01) negative predicts Marital Burnout and human values (P < 0.05) positively predict Psychological Hardiness. The path of human values to Marital Burnout and the path of human values to Marital Burnout with the mediation of psychological Hardiness were not significant (P>0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that psychological Hardiness has a direct role in marital Burnout.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between mindfulness and emotional exhaustion. This research is descriptive in terms of type and a correlational research in terms of method, and its statistical population is made up of all the employees of education departments of six regions of Isfahan city, numbering 735 people, among them, 200 people as a sample through Available sampling was selected. The research tools included mindfulness questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), emotional exhaustion questionnaire (Meslash and Jackson, 1981) and psychological hardiness questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the Pearson correlation method and path analysis. The results showed that mindfulness has a significant positive relationship with psychological hardiness (p<0.01), psychological hardiness and mindfulness have a significant negative relationship with emotional exhaustion (p<0.01). Also, the presented model has a good fit and psychological hardiness mediates the effect of mindfulness on emotional exhaustion (p<0.01). Therefore, according to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that through improving mindfulness and psychological hardiness, emotional exhaustion can be reduced. Therefore, due to the importance of emotional exhaustion among employees of education departments, attention to these important findings should be considered by managers and policy makers of this organization.

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety and Psychological hardiness in students with emotional distress. The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this research included all the students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2022. The sample size includes 30 people (15 subject in the experimental group and 15 subject in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available targeted method and they were placed in two control and experimental groups. For the experimental group, acceptance and commitment was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Laubiond and Laubiond, 1995), the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970) and the Psychological Handiness Questionnaire (Long and Goulet, 2003). The data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment had a significant effect on improving death anxiety and psychological hardiness in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001). The findings of this research provide useful information about acceptance and commitment-based therapy, and counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve death anxiety and psychological hardiness in emotionally distress students.

Research shows that frustration, feeling of frustration and feeling of frustration are the main factors in the occurrence of high-risk behaviors, so the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of frustration and psychological hardiness in predicting the level of high-risk behaviors of students.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The research population included all the male students of the first year of high school in one district of Hajiabad in the academic year 2022-2023, based on Morgan's table, 228 people were selected by available sampling method and according to the research objectives, Gilbert and Allen's (1998) frustration questionnaire, psychological hardiness Kiamrai et al. (2008) and high-risk behaviors by Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2011) answered. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between f frustration and risky behaviors (r = 0.571, P < 0.001) and the components of frustration explain risky behaviors. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between psychological hardiness and risky behaviors (r = -0.582, P < 0.001) and the components of psychological hardiness explain risky behaviors.

The findings of the research can be used in creating intervention programs for people involved in high-risk behaviors and also in preventing these behaviors in people at risk.

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of logotherapy on corona anxiety and psychological hardiness in students with emotional disturbance. The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2021. The sample size included 30 students, which replaced two control and experimental groups using purposeful sampling (The criterion was the highest score from emotional disturbance scale, corona anxiety scale and the lowest score in psychological hardiness scale). The experimental group received Logotherapy for 8 weeks and each session was 75 minutes, after the termination, the follow-up phase was carried out two months later. The research tools included the DASS-21 Scale Lovibond & Lovibond, CDAS Scale Alipour& et al., and the LGHS Scale Lang and Goulet.To analyze the data, analysis of repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni tests used. The results showed that logotherapy has a significant effect on reducing the corona anxiety and increasing psychological hardiness. Therefore, psychologists can use this intervention to improve research variables.

This study aimed to predict risky decision-making based on decision-making styles and psychological hardiness in both male and female students. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The population of this research was all the Ahrar Institute of Technology and Higher Education students in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400 (2020-2021), of which 287 participants were selected by the available sampling method. This study showed that psychological hardiness significantly correlates with decision-making styles in male and female students. In addition, psychological hardiness did not have a significant relationship with risky decision-making in female students. However, the relationship between all components of psychological hardiness with risky decision-making in male students was significant. The regression analysis showed that the decision-making styles of female students and the challengingness of male students significantly predict the changes related to high-risk decision-making. This study showed that the variables of psychological hardiness and decision-making styles in students to prevent high-risk decisions and improve their decisions should be given more attention by educational systems.

Marriage is seen as the initial step in starting a family, but nowadays there seems to be a fear or avoidance of this commitment among young people, particularly those who are educated. The purpose of this research was to determine the model of gamophobia among young people based on existential anxiety with the mediation of psychological hardiness.

The current study is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive correlational data collection method was used. The statistical population of the research included all students of the Islamic Azad University, Sardasht branch. The research sample was 358 students who participated in the research online and through available sampling method. Data collection tools included Richard's Gamophobia Questionnaire (2007), Good and Good Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (1974) and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2017). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation method and path analysis through Smart-pls3 software.

The results indicated that the direct effect of existential anxiety was 0.609 and its indirect effect through psychological hardiness was 0.498 and the direct effect of existential anxiety on psychological hardiness was 0.309 and the direct effect of psychological hardiness on gamophobia was 0.320 significant (P˂ 0.01).

Therefore, psychological hardiness can play a mediating role between existential anxiety and gamophobia. In this context, counseling and psychology specialists can consider this issue in pre-marriage counseling and even formulate interventions to reduce the gamophobia.

Due to the emergence of Covid 19 disease and according to the stable psychological reactions caused by the outbreak of this virus and the importance of anxiety and fear of this virus on the psychological well-being of students, The study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of Covid 19 and psychological well-being by mediating the role of psychological Hardiness and social support in undergraduate students. The virus challenged the quality of life of people around the world and changed interpersonal issues and self-acceptance questions, the meaning of life, and relationships with others.  The disease is prevalent in Iran, as in other countries, and has rapidly endangered the physical and mental health of people, as the prevalence of this disease has raised concerns about the possibility of death from viral infections and has led to psychological stress. Research shows that people with coronavirus anxiety suffer from a wide range of psychological problems, and having the infection is a psychological risk factor, to the point that, among people in the United States, China, and more recently India, people suffer from anxiety. The disease led to suicide. Since to reduce the fear of Quid 19, one must first identify the effective factors and identify the share of each of them and use them, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether reducing the fear of Quid 19 increases welfare psychologically affected? Also, can Psychological well-being and social support play a mediating role in these two variables? As a result, the present study was conducted to investigate this model in students.

This study was a descriptive correlational study. The study's statistical population was all undergraduate students studying at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz from 1300 to 1400, from which 360 students were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. In this study, tools of fear of Covid 19, a short psychological well-being questionnaire, psychological hardiness of Ahvaz University, and social support were used to collect data. Findings confirmed the suitability of reliability and validity of the instruments. The direct relationships of the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 software and the indirect and mediated relationships were analyzed using Bootstrap.

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between fear of Covid and psychological Hardiness, social sup, port and psychological well-being (p˂0.01). The results also showed that psychological Hardiness and social support play a mediating role.

Considering the inverse relationship between fear of Covid 19 and social support and psychological hardiness, it seems that the existence of supportive measures by family and others during the coronavirus epidemic is necessary. It is also possible to reduce the fear of Covid and increase the psychological well-being of individuals by increasing the characterstic of psychological hardiness. It is suggested that other variables that can be effective as a shield against severe stress should also be considered.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital and emotional labor with respect to the mediating role of psychological hardiness in hospital staff in Khorram-Abad. The research design was a relational, the type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all employees of Khorram-Abad hospitals in 1398 who were working full time, from which 224 people were finally selected as a sample by multi-stage random sampling method which responded to the Emotional labor Questionnaires by Diefendorff et al. (2005), Psychological Capital Questionnaires of Luthans et al. (2007) and the psychological hardiness Questionnaires of Kobasa et al. (1982). The analysis method was quantitative which was performed using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that the predictive model of emotional labor based on psychological capital and the mediating role of psychological hardiness has an acceptable fit. The findings showed that psychological capital is negatively related to superficial action and positively to deep action. The findings also showed that psychological hardiness mediated the relationship between psychological capital and superficial and deep action.