جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "information technology" در نشریات گروه "کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات"

The purpose of this study in knowledge-based organizations is to investigate the impact of future developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) on organizational knowledge engineering. Given the importance of information and communication technology to increase speed and accuracy of different activities of organizations and thus increase their productivity, can be towards the advancement of organizational knowledge and raising the level of awareness of the organization and raising the development and creativity of the organization. In fact, by gathering the knowledge of the organization's external and internal environment, a knowledge system engineer creates practical items, so that these items can be implemented in the future. The supporting role of information technology for knowledge management will bring significant progress in the intelligent and knowledge-based behavior of organizations and their people.

It is a type of applied research and qualitative approach done using grounded theory. Using an empirical approach and ideographic explanation, this research seeks to drive the future of information and communication technology (ICT) and knowledge engineering. The researchers try to understand the challenges of information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge engineering and information and communication management by conducting field studies and participating in processes related to the research subject. The statistical population of the study includes 178 managers and experts working in knowledge-based companies at the senior level. The research sampling method is theoretical and open and unstructured interview tools with experts have been used to collect information. The method of analysis is thematic analysis methods and contextual theory and statistical tests have been performed using confirmatory factor analysis.

Based on the results of the research, it was found that the factors influencing the presentation of a conceptual model of future developments of information and communication technologies on organizational knowledge engineering were identified. Causal conditions are contextual conditions, intervening conditions, process/interactions and consequences, and information technology is the most important factor in enabling the knowledge engineering process with high speed and accuracy.

Lack of general government policy in the development of information technology in the field of knowledge engineering, lack of telecommunications platform for information exchange, lack of familiarity and skills of employees in using information technology tools is an important challenge in using information technology in knowledge organizations. Therefore, it is suggested that governments provide the appropriate platform and plan to improve this technology.

The governance of ICT at the national level can be realized and formed in different ways. Identifying uncertainties is time-consuming and requires a lot of dynamic expertise. Policymaking in today's fast-paced world requires tools that can perform the fastest evaluations at the lowest cost. These tools are also significant in interdisciplinary fields. For this reason, policy-making in interdisciplinary issues is more challenging, and tools, such as scenario writing, are less usable due to these challenges.

One of the fast, cheap, and efficient methods in policy evaluation is the use of scenario analysis based on the in-casting method, In this research, it is possible to achieve quick, comprehensive, and cheap evaluations through the combination of two foresight methods, i.e., in-casting scenario planning and morphological analysis.

To identify ICT governance scenarios, first reference scenarios in both fields: 1) governance and 2) information technology were selected, then these scenarios were intersected in a table. to be In this way, the primary scenarios of information technology governance include the combination of all possible states (from the combination of each ICT scenario with each governance scenario). In this research, by using the in-casting method, while identifying four plausible ICT and four governance scenarios, 16 possible states were obtained through the intersection of these scenarios. Then, using the field anomaly relaxation method (FAR) technique, which is used in morphological analysis, the states that have a low probability of realization or are implausible are removed from among the possible states.In this way, ICT governance scenarios are compiled in the form of 6 scenarios regarding the future situation after removing incompatible, unlikely, or unbelievable cases.

In this research, combining the two methods of morphological analysis and in-casting scenario planning makes it possible to develop a scenario or evaluate policies in an interdisciplinary field.

There are so many names to refer to the discipline that investigates alternative futures. futures studies, foresight, futures literacy, futures thinking, anticipation, futurism, futurology, and many others. Future studies that can also be referred to as future science seeks to analyze resources, models, and reasons of a subject's change or stability in order to develop and expand the scope of foresight, and consider different options and possibilities. Also, futures study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews that underlie them. It can be considered as a branch of the social sciences and parallel to the field of history. Futurology is the systematic, interdisciplinary and holistic study of social, technological advancement, and other environmental trends. This research aims to future-studying in public libraries and its role in their development and progress with an emphasis on the libraries covered by Iran Public Libraries Foundation.

It is among future research methods, scenario planning, road map, Landscape, modeling, simulation and Delphi. The method of research in this research is surveying and descriptive using interview and questionnaire through Delphi approach. A questionnaire was first used to collect data, and then face-to-face interviews were used with 11 people for some issues and to complete the opinions. The questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research in three periods. Regarding determining the validity of the research tool, the problems in the questionnaire were identified and resolved by using the opinion of a number of experts in the field of information science. Sampling was done based on the structure of the Delphi method and data analysis was done. The reliability of the research tool was determined by Cronbach's alpha test at 0.810.

Using the gained results from interviewee's findings, a series of elements which are effective on library and especially development are extracted such as: internet, digitalization, updating the library system, using librarians and experts, economic conditions, virtual reference services, serials and open access, Mass media and social networks, and Mobile phone technology. The experts believed that the presence of librarians, both now and in the future, is important and that professional librarians should also be used.

By analyzing technological evolutions in libraries, we conclude that in future libraries, materials and informational contents in library are going toward decreasing the volume and weight. From consequence of interviewees' ideas as well as variation trend in type of libraries' resources, it can be predicted that paper resources will remain persistent beside electronic resources and each of the resources will keep its own certain users. Mostly, in this period, printed or digital resources will coexist and the libraries will be conducted based on two-type materials. For comprehensive development in public libraries, it is necessary to pay attention to all the mentioned components.

Human life has always been subject to crisis. The important thing in dealing with a crisis is the appropriate response. The emergence of information technology has provided crisis managers with the best possible potential and capacities for crisis management. Today, managers should always be ready to deal with crises. These crises can be economic and financial or natural events such as storms, floods, tsunamis, or disease outbreaks. Managers who have not taken measures in advance to deal with such events will lose more. No one is aware of the crisis in advance. Expert managers have basic plans to deal with such situations. To overcome uneven events, managers should use the experiences of their predecessors to get acquainted with crisis coping strategies. Not all managers can overcome the crisis. However, if the managers in their organization believe in crisis management as an inseparable part of their strategic management responsibility, the probability of confronting a crisis will be significantly reduced. Crisis management activities are performed in three stages before the crisis, during the crisis, and after the crisis. The first step consists of the actions needed to prevent the crisis. This stage is the first step in identifying and diagnosing the crisis and also gathering information to deal with the crisis. The second stage includes the stage of crisis occurrence. In this stage, it is necessary to gather information to diagnose the causes of the crisis. The third stage is the actions that must be taken after the crisis. At this stage, we had to ensure that the crisis has resolved or not. Also, learning from the crisis so that it does not happen again occurs at this stage. The crisis is a test for stability in a system. A crisis is an unusual situation in which a problem or sudden event occurs that is not predictable. Etymologically, the word crisis has been derived from the Greek language. In ancient Greek, the word crisis (κριςις) means "judgment" or "decision". The crisis means that it is necessary to make a decision that has not been made before. In the 21st century, the growth of information technology and the expansion of research has created a significant increase in the understanding of the challenges of crisis management when facing a crisis to reduce victims, and thanks to technology and the use of communication technologies, crisis management has become more realistic. During crisis management, by using correct communication, participation, coordination, and integration in information systems play an important role in crisis control. In a crisis, those affected perceive, process, and act on information differently than in non-crisis times. One of the applications of information technology in crisis management is "crisis informatics". Crisis informatics deals with the relationship between people, organizations, information, and technology during a crisis. Crisis informatics means the knowledge of receiving and transmitting information. In other words, crisis computing is the science of information processing and information systems. On the other hand, inaccuracy in choosing and publishing news and information in crisis conditions can be called crisis informatics. The expansion of social media such as Facebook, and Twitter, search based on people, and response to the crisis of Google, YouTube, and Flickr has changed the face of information management in critical situations. One of the capabilities of information science specialists is information monitoring. Information specialists can identify which information is fake and which is valid through information review. Therefore, experts in this field can play an influential role in preparing information reports for decision-makers. Also, by producing correct and reliable content, they should prevent the information confusion of the public. Considering that information forms the link between crisis management, crisis informatics, and information science, the present study was conducted to explain the role and functions of information science in crisis informatics.

 The current research was conducted using a library method with an analytical approach and after reviewing previous studies to identify concepts related to the concept of crisis informatics. In this study, researchers first searched for materials related to the purpose of the research using keywords (crisis informatics, disaster informatics, informatics patterns of crisis, information science and crisis, information science and disasters, crisis informatics in disasters and social media) in databases including Google Scholar, Emerald, WebOscience, Scopus, ScienceDirect paid. The researchers examined the recovered. After reviewing the found texts, the researchers selected the related materials based on the purpose of the research and presented them in this article. In this research, by examining the concept, history, and patterns of information flow in crisis informatics and the role of information science specialists, an analytical review has been made on the importance of the role and position of information science specialists as crisis informatics in times of crisis.

 The findings showed that although the importance of social media in a crisis is critical to researchers and many studies have covered it and paid attention to its role in gathering information during a crisis as well as providing aid, so far Informing people when dangerous events occur in social networks has not been given serious attention. Self-coordination through social media among citizens and providing aid to fellow citizens, through the advice of shared posts, helps to improve crisis conditions, and authorities use media for public communication during a crisis. However, obstacles such as the lack of personnel to verify and disseminate information are still challenges to the efficient use of social media by authorities. Also, data mining of citizens' behaviors is one of the issues through which authorities can identify wrong information and deal with it. Officials and crisis managers can identify the fundamental gaps in society and take action to solve them by obtaining public information. In social networks, due to the existence of two types of official and unofficial information, the flow of communication is also two-way. This means that both people and authorities send and receive information. As a result, the main focus of crisis informatics is information. These findings show that providing information during a crisis, especially health information to accident victims, is still a challenge, despite the commonality of crisis informatics and information science, no independent research has yet addressed this issue. At the same time, the common point of information science and informatics is the crisis and the main topic of both information. Information science specialists can play an essential role in crisis informatics due to their capacities to produce reliable information, verify information, manage and set up information systems, create databases, and facilitate and accelerate information recovery.

Crisis informatics is a field of study that has received much attention and is proliferating. And its importance during the last decade has made it a subject area of research activities. This relatively new field has emerged to ensure that the full potential of information and communication technologies is maximized to improve decisions and actions at various stages of crisis management. Examining the definitions shows that crisis informatics is sometimes defined only in interaction with social networks (Palen et al., 2020), and sometimes it is generally understood in interaction with technology (Soden, 2017; Palen et al., 2009). In some cases, it has been proposed as a social system that is created as a result of communication between different groups (Soden, 2017; Palen and Soden, 2018; Palen and Anderson, 2016). But the commonality of all the above definitions can be seen as the existence of the social system and the interaction of humans and information. This field collects data from social reactions to crises and incidents and analyzes the results. Based on this, crisis informatics can be defined as the response of human groups to crises and incidents in the context of information technology. The increasing importance of social media in conflicts and crises has made people use them with more interest. People share feelings, thoughts and images with their friends on these media. During the crisis, this process increases. Most important events are quickly released to the public before they even hit the news. Although information on social networks may contain true and false information, including rumors. But these media are among the most important media for providing information about accidents and the condition of people who have been injured. Research on crisis informatics and social media has also shown that emergency services departments can use social media to obtain valuable information (e. g. eyewitness reports, images, or videos) that help them Inform about disaster situations so that they can send their immediate aid. Of course, due to the emerging nature of crisis informatics, we can expect to see more precise and more developed definitions in the future. Of course, the maturity of the field of crisis informatics requires providing a comprehensive, accurate, and precise definition, which in this study was tried to be formulated based on the theoretical background of the research.The review of informatics literature also showed that this emerging field is an interdisciplinary research field that includes several different disciplines. Among them, the field of information and communication technology, health/medicine, and information systems play the most crucial role. It was also found that despite the centrality of information and its importance in the crisis, so far no research has been done on the role of information science and information specialists in informatics. Because information is very critical in all stages of a crisis and, accordingly, crisis informatics, the field of information science can play a crucial role in the best performance of crisis informatics. Validation of information was identified as one of the functions of this field, because the combination of a large volume of official information sources and content produced by citizens adds to the information load in crises. This increases uncertainty and difficulty in deciding who and what sources are trustworthy. Deciding which information providers and sources to trust in a crisis is very essential because acting on reliable information can shape and influence the nature of the crisis. Verification of the accuracy of this information can be done by experts in the field of information science.Providing the information needs of people involved in the crisis, such as citizens, organizations, non-governmental groups, etc., can also be included in the scope of the duties of specialists in the field of information science. One of the primary needs after a crisis is accurate information, and this is what information specialists and librarians are trained for. This group can provide critical information to support the performance of local authorities, emergency managers, police, fire, and medical personnel. Librarians are trained to provide accurate information in various formats and are fast to solve problems. Most importantly, the general public considers librarians to be closer, more accessible, and more reliable than the employees of government agencies. Also, the organization of information recovery tools can be part of the roles of this field in crisis informatics. Controlling and directing the correct flow of information, and designing and implementing banks and information systems are also included in the activities of specialists in the field of information science. Summarized to the "right" person at the "right" time using a suitable platform for specific needs and groups. With population growth and ecological changes (such as climate changes, nature changes, and the destruction of many non-renewable natural resources), it is necessary to think of measures to prevent abnormal events in emergencies. The emergence of artificial intelligence technology and its use in information systems as well as social networks promises that the use of this technology will be fruitful in investigating the possibility of accidents and it is easy to provide people with the correct information in an intelligent way. Also, the authorities will strengthen their communication with the community through this technology. Promoting smartphones and increasing bandwidth to high-risk areas will also facilitate data recovery in times of crisis and increase self-organization among people affected by accidents.

Reviewing The literature of the Information Technology (IT) future scenarios, four categories of research can be identified: one category is the researches that have studied the change in "people's lifestyle and work" due to the development of Information Technology, the second group has studied "governance changes" under the influence of IT, and the third category deals about the "impact of Information Technology on development". Unlike these three categories, some researches have studied the future of Information Technology affected by social changes. This article, studies and describes different IT future scenarios, and then groups and analyzes them in order to help understand the relationship between them. The research method is a kind of review called meta-analysis (qualitative systematic review) and comparison between IT future scenarios. Analysis of these scenarios shows that although they are influenced by social changes and impressed by the growth of the computational and communication technologies, they affect the social changes as well. From the view of social changes affected by IT, these scenarios are drawn from three points of view including "People", "Government" and "Development Models". These three points of view depict the lifestyles of the people, governance and countries' development path. Probing the scenarios, we found a list of characteristics and impacts of the scenarios. Findings show there is a unity between the uncertainties of the above-mentioned three points of view which leads to building a unit framework through the conformity of the coordinate devices. Comparison of the scenarios in each quarter of this unit coordinate device infers that despite the different actors, the ideal scenarios do coincide seriously in the dimensions and the ideal situation, so that there is a kind of conceptual convergence in their effects.

One of the questions that institutions in the field of information technology are facing is how to get the services, products, equipment and materials they need? Relying on internal capabilities and resources (insourcing) or benefiting from external capabilities and resources (outsourcing) are the two main methods of acquiring services, products, equipment and materials needed by a business to achieve its goals. It is generally referred to as sourcing. Lack of financial resources and provision of expert human resources is one of the main issues of institutions in sourcing information technology systems, services and equipment, which has caused institutions to look for a pre-reliable and systematic procedure to choose between sourcing methods in response to this question. Based on this issue, this research aims to design an expert system for information technology sourcing decisions and apply it to the study of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) as a case. In order to achieve this goal, in the first step, 1- identifying the factors affecting the sourcing of information technology systems, services and equipment, and 2- designing an expert system for making information technology sourcing decisions. In this step, by using collection tools including library study and nominal group with experts and decision makers in the field of information technology in order to make a sourcing decision between the two options of external sourcing (outsourcing) and internal sourcing (insourcing), the legal and decision making framework in the form of a The expert system was designed and presented with tacit knowledge extraction, inference engine, comparison and prioritization structure, legal structure and execution process components. In the second step, in order to show the validity, the design and implementation of the prototype was considered as one of the validation methods. In this step, after designing the prototype, the decision-making process for 10 potential activities (projects) of IranDoc Information Technology Center was used. The results showed that the designed expert system meets the objectives of the research. The results of this research as a whole can provide a structured model for using the benefits of various sourcing mechanisms and reducing financial risks and providing human resources to the policy makers and managers and improve the current situation

The aim of the current research was to identify the factors of interoperability of academic information systems in Islamic Azad University. This research is characterized by its applied and exploratory nature, aiming to achieve specific goals within the given context. To effectively accomplish these objectives, a mixed method and approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, has been employed.

Literature Review:

The information system and information technologies have become an integral part of processes, systems and organizational culture, and information technology as an asset and resource for creating a competitive advantage is a requirement (NooshinFard et al, 1400). In fact, information systems and information and communication technology are the same processes that are embedded in business procedures in order to absorb and use knowledge with the aim of improving organizational performance (Lufman and Lewis, 2016). Factors such as the variety of common information systems in Iranian universities, the use and gradual evolution of these systems, the special characteristics of the academic operating environment, the need to exchange data between different systems and the integration of information require their investigation and study from Various dimensions, including interactivity, which was the focus of the present study (Omidian, 1401). In the age of knowledge explosion, the development of information technology is an essential requirement for the efficiency of the educational system, and the requirement for the effectiveness of new technologies is the transformation in the teaching-learning culture (Manzhuk and Eram, 2015). For educational institutions as well as other modern institutions, the use of information technology does not only mean supporting management; Rather, it is an empowering element that helps to promote and improve the decision-making process at different levels of university management (Indrajit and Jokopranuto, 2006).

The utilization of qualitative methods, specifically the Delphi method, allows for the extraction of essential components and indicators related to the research subject. This qualitative approach facilitates a deep and comprehensive understanding of the underlying factors at play. On the other hand, quantitative methods have been employed to validate the measurement models and examine the conceptual model. Through quantitative analysis, the researcher can assess the reliability and validity of the measurements used in the study. By conducting statistical tests and measurements, the researcher gains valuable insights into the relationships and associations between the variables outlined in the conceptual model. By employing a mixed method and approach, this research can harness the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This comprehensive approach provides a more robust and well-rounded understanding of the research subject, enabling the researcher to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed recommendations. The integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques enhances the validity and reliability of the research findings, ensuring a more comprehensive and impactful study. First, by using the meta-combination method, study resources including books, articles, and internet resources were studied in a structured manner in a seven-step process, and in this way, interoperability indicators were identified. Then, the indicators and components obtained from meta-combination analysis in the form of a structured questionnaire including indicators and components of interoperability. The questionnaire was submitted to the experts by using the Delphi method (qualitative approach) in order to explore their opinions in the stage. Then, based on the data collected from the qualitative stage and asking the opinions of the experts in three rounds, a questionnaire was finally compiled and in order to measure and evaluate using the analytical survey method (quantitative approach) and the use of modeling structural equations, which is actually a quantitative method and was examined in terms of the correspondence of the theoretical model with the real data (experimental data) obtained by sampling from the community. The research method in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research in the meta-combined section includes printed and online sources and documents (such as the content of websites, databases such as Civilica, articles and scientific reports of specialized seminars and conferences, etc.) consisting of 100 sources in the form of books, articles, and scientific reports. In order to collect qualitative and quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire (50 items) was used, the items of which were taken from the results of the meta-composite analysis in the first stage and based on the Likert scale from 1 very little to 5 very much. In order to validate the meta-synthesis stage, the researcher returns to the previous steps to ensure that the quality is maintained in his study. In order to control the quality and review the articles to match the parameters of the study and to remove the articles that were not trusted in any way in terms of accuracy, validity and importance of its findings, all the articles and scientific reports were categorized, in several stages of study and review, a large number of sources were removed. And 24 sources were selected and exploited in the form of 12 internal sources (for the years 2005 to 1400) and 12 external sources (for the years 2002 to 2022). In the quantitative section, content validity was used from the beginning to measure the validity of the questionnaire, which had good validity, and Krobach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, which was 91%, which is an acceptable coefficient for reliability. After studying and checking the details and features of the documents such as abstract, content and based on the goal setting, 24 sources (12 foreign sources and 12 Persian sources) were selected and through them the dimensions, components and interoperability idicators in the study process, were used. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research are key informants and experts in the field of information systems and senior managers of information technology in Iranian universities. At this stage, 25 experts were selected in the field of the research topic. The statistical population in the quantitative section is made up of managers and employees of the information technology and information systems department at Islamic Azad University. The sample size was selected by simple random sampling with Cochran's formula of 151 people. In order to collect qualitative data, a library method was used, and for quantitative data, a researcher-made questionnaire (50 items) was used, the items of which were taken from the results of meta-composite analysis in the first stage. In order to analyze the data in the meta-composite part, the method of Sandelowski and Barosuke and in the quantitative part the methods of exploratory factor analysis, descriptive analysis, univariate t-test using SPSS and Lisrel software were used.

The results showed that the indicators of technical interoperability of information systems are the ability to interact and exchange data with information systems, the possibility of connecting and using decision support systems, storing information in a standard format, central security, central monitoring, integrated processing, easy communication with other systems, ability to be used through distance education. Overall, the results of this research have shown that the architecture and structure of university information systems should be such that it provides the integrity and comprehensiveness of processes and information at the level of organizations and provides a smooth flow of information between different departments of the organization. The use of interoperable information systems that can cover all technical, process and semantic interoperability indicators and activities and tasks in an organization and provide necessary information to its users in a timely manner is one of the vital tools in today's organizations. Without the systems having these characteristics (technical, semantic and process) it is impossible to increase the capabilities of the organization, improve performance, make better decisions and achieve interactive, integrated and competitive advantage.Process interoperability indicators, notification mechanism about presentation and update, change and flexibility mechanism for service update, dynamic and flexible organization, change-oriented performance management, effectiveness measurement and feedback, expandable architecture, They are expandable according to new requirements, service-oriented architecture. Also, the results of the research showed that indicators of semantic interoperability, the ability to code educational signs, the ability to interact with various systems, the use of standard terms and codes, XML translation service, mapping service, providing a common message format for communication. Among the different systems, the content-based router, the use of terms and standard codes, paying attention to the understanding of users and systems in the use of vocabulary.

Paying attention to the optimal use of information systems can make the university succeed in achieving organizational goals and achieving high effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, the management should always consider the characteristics of these valuable and transformative resources, and with sufficient knowledge and the participation of specialized employees in the field of supply, use and placement of these items, it will improve the performance of the strategies. In order to reach more favorable levels in this field, the university should encourage innovation and creativity, and provide opportunities for job rotation for employees to develop their professional knowledge.

The current research seeks to identify and analyze the most important possible factors affecting the acceptance of the electronic document management system in Iran Gas Company. This effort provides an opportunity to synchronize and face future developments effectively and enriches the related literature. Knowing these factors is very important for designing and adopting policies related to the establishment, increasing the use and productivity of this system.

The current research was conducted using a literature review and confirmatory factor analysis. The research population consists of employees of Iran Gas Company with experience working with the electronic document management system. In order to analyze the data, t-test, mean, standard deviation, significance index, Cronbach's alpha values, and composite reliability were used. In this research, the integrated model of technology acceptance and use, with context factors (such as location, the identity of nearby people, accessible hosts, and devices, and their changes over time) and learning (as users' access to software in all executive levels of the organization) have been combined and examined. The current research is descriptive-survey research in terms of its purpose in the field of applied research and based on its nature and method. In this research, library methods were used to collect background information, and questionnaire tools were used to collect field data and present it on the Internet.

Based on the findings, contextual factors and learning as supporting factors have a significant effect on performance expectations, social influence, effort expectation, and facilitating conditions, and thus support the adoption process of an electronic document management system. Furthermore, the findings indicate the important role of the user interface, the support of senior managers, and the development of employees' skills in accepting and using this technology.

Public institutions need information systems that facilitate the management of documents produced during business processes in a digital platform. The development of information and communication technology enabled digitization and the safe transfer of documents to digital operating systems, which led to the emergence of electronic document management systems. In order to achieve the benefits of technology-based systems and avoid wasting time and money at the scale of a country, their acceptance by users is essential. For this reason, it is necessary to know the factors affecting the intention to use the electronic document management system. According to the findings of this research, one of the main success factors of the electronic document management system in Iran Gas Company is the appropriate user interface and ease of use of this system. Paying attention to the findings of the present research can help the process of the successful establishment of an electronic document archiving system in other government organizations in Iran.

Along with the progress of science and the emergence of new digital technologies, which has led to a huge transformation called digital transformation; People are known as the most important competitive advantage of organizations in today's turbulent environment, and the need to pay attention to the soft part of digital transformation that surrounds people has become necessary. The purpose of this research is to achieve a better understanding of digital soft transformation, identify its components, and finally present a model in the organizations under the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology using the interpretive structural modeling technique. Based on literature reviews and interviews with managers and experts in the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, six soft components of digital transformation were identified and then classified into four levels using interpretative structural modeling. In the following, after determining the levels of each of the components and also considering the final achievement matrix, the final interpretive structural model was drawn. The results showed that components such as digital strategy and digital innovation are more effective than other components, and digital skill-building is the most effective component, as well as digital leadership components, organizational governance capabilities, and digital culture-creation, in the third level of this model is located and interacts with each other.

The present study aimed to study the relationship between information literacy and the use of information technology with the performance of sports coaches (public and championship) in Qom province.

The research method is a descriptive correlation. The statistical population is all the sports coaches of the active committees in Qom province. For the sample size, 215 people were randomly selected based on Morgan's table. The measurement tools were Lieberman's (2005) standard scale of the role of information technology in sports and two researcher-made questionnaires to measure the use of information technology and performance, which their validity and reliability were confirmed. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent and one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) in SPSS-22 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between information literacy and information technology use with the performance of sports coaches. Also, there is a significant difference between the opinions of the coaches in the two dimensions of the championship and the public in the information literacy variable, but no significant difference was observed in the amount of information technology use (P<0.05).

Information literacy and information technology are effective in increasing the performance of coaches.

The ethical significance of information technology due to its increasing intertwining with social life has led associations and organizations such as ACM and I-EEE to develop ethical principles and codes for the IT profession and to update them from time to time. Although these principles and codes are helpful as general ethical guidance, in some complex situations they lose their effectiveness due to the conflict that may occur between the principles and consequently the codes. In this paper, we will attempt to suggest a normative model to help ethical decision-making in such situations. This model can help to respond to problems of allowing evil and appealing to evil in IT profession. In addition to explaining and responding to some important ethical dilemmas in the field of applied ethics, we will apply it in at least six ethically important themes in IT profession, including self-driving cars, privacy and security, cyber-attacks, ransomware, and the Internet of Things. In each we will show how the model can help the moral agent in making moral decisions. However, we will not claim that this model acts as a decision-making logic, since the process of reaching a moral decision is not algorithmic and many cognitive and non-cognitive factors play a role in it.

As mission-oriented organizations, research institutes have the task of answering community questions in specialized areas, and should therefore be able to effectively present their outputs to their target users. Achieving such a goal requires the proper use of information architecture principles to properly organize the information platform in which the research institutes interact with their audiences. Therefore, reviewing and evaluating the information architecture of Research Institutes’ websites as their main communication platform with their users is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website based on information architecture.

The research method is based on content analysis and case evaluation and is done using direct observations and checklists in March 2022. In this regard, first the components of the information environment, ie the context, content, and user of the website are identified. Then, we check the information architecture subsystems of the website using checklists based on the components of the information environment. The organization system checklist contains 14 main questions, the labeling system checklist contains 32 main questions, the navigation system checklist contains 20 main questions, and finally, the search system checklist contains 41 main questions. The checklists were prepared using the library research method and approved by an expert panel. Excel software is used to collect and analyze data.

Users of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website can be categorized into four groups: researchers and students, science and technology policymakers, librarians and informants, and educational and research institutions. The main content of this website includes reports, books, articles, research projects, information systems, scientific events, training courses, laboratories, and collaborative services. The context of the website is based on service development and delivery in the areas of knowledge management, scientific and technological information management, dissemination of information science and technology, supporting science and technology policymakers, Publicizing the use of information technology, cooperating with universities and research institutes, and supporting research in the field of information science and technology. The results of the checklists indicate the score of this website for the organization system, the labeling system, the navigation system, and the search system as 67.6%, 68.4%, 65.4%, and 34.8%, respectively.

The status of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website is assessed as good in terms of the organization system, the labeling system, and the navigation system, and poor in terms of the search system. The use of an audience-oriented organization plan in the website organization system, the use of index labels in the form of unique entities in the website labeling system, and the use of a main navigation bar with an integrated and similar design in the website navigation system are among the strengths of the website information architecture design. On the other hand, according to the research findings, to improve the search system, it is necessary to pay attention to features such as “correcting spelling errors in the input query”, “highlighting the input query in the retrieved results”, “adding logical operators to the search system”, “searching metadata”, “sorting results in alphabetical and chronological order”, and “adding search filters such as subject and year”.

This research has been done to investigate relationships in information technology outsourcing in strategic policy with an interactive approach at Islamic Azad University.

The present research is in terms of the library-field environment, in terms of practical purpose, in terms of the time of cross-sectional data collection, in terms of the descriptive-survey research implementation method, and is correlational and causal. The statistical community of the research in the qualitative part includes 16 professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of information technology as well as professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of investment and development of Islamic Azad University and the quantitative part it includes all employees, managers and senior experts in the field of information technology and The Vice President of Development and Investment of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran was 260 people, which was calculated based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was 155 people. A simple random method was used to select the samples. Structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.733.

The research findings showed that There is a positive and meaningful relationship between IT system performance, system support services, information technology, information technology application gap, strategic importance, organization and project characteristics, and supplier and project characteristics.

According to the results of this study, it can be said that IT outsourcing can increase organizational effectiveness, provide better services and reduce costs.

In this paper, a new method for annotating images in Persian scientific documents is suggested.  Images in scientific documents contain valuable information. In many cases, by analyzing images one can understand the main idea and important results of the document. Due to the explosive growth of image data, automatic image annotation has attracted extensive attention and become one of the growing subjects in the literature. Image annotation is the first step in image retrieval methods, in which descriptive tags are assigned to each image. Here, for image annotation the associated text is used. The caption and the part of the document that includes the reference to the image are considered. None phrases in the associated text are ranked based on five different methods; term frequency, inverse document frequency, term frequency–inverse document frequency, cosine similarity between word embedding of noun phrases in the text and the caption and using both term frequency–inverse document frequency and cosine similarity methods. Image tags in every method are the noun phrases with the highest rank. Suggested methods are evaluated on the test data from Iran scientific information database (Ganj), the main database of Persian scientific documents. Term frequency–inverse document frequency method gives the best results.

The implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) projects encompasses a wide range of stakeholders and, due to their innovative nature, encounters numerous risks. The synergy resulting from the simultaneous study of the risks and stakeholders of ICT projects, which was neglected in previous research, was the motivation of this study. The study is designed with an applied objective, providing insights that facilitate the management of vital risks concerning influential stakeholders. Therefore, first this research has identified the stakeholders and risks of ICT projects, then used the Delphi method to identify the risks associated with stakeholders. Findings from the intersection of risks and stakeholders in ICT projects have been analyzed with two approaches. The results indicate that in the area of stakeholders, project implementers play the most critical role in driving the success of ICT projects. In the area of risk, organizational risks represent the largest category, accounting for 34% of the identified risks, followed by financial risks at 31%.

Due to the digital revolution and increasing development of ICTs, and the entrance of national as well as international organizations to such an arena, the foundation of transparency is formed through virtual environments including organizational websites. As a result of the importance of this subject, i.e. transparency, and also, the undeniable role of human rights international organizations, the present research aims to explain and evaluate the transparency status of websites at these organizations.

To do this, firstly, the research population consisting of 11 human rights international organizations was selected. A questionnaire revolving around 3 main dimensions (access to information, contribution to/engagement in decision making, and access to outputs) was developed and utilized, and then, the gathered data were analyzed.

Based on the analysis of collected data, UNESCO (with 100 percent coverage of transparency items) and HRWF (with 40 percent coverage of transparency items) were the best and the worst performers, respectively.Moreover, the three organizations "International Labor Organization", "World Health Organization", and "United Nations Children's Fund" (joint second rank with 97.5 percent coverage of transparency items), "Civil Rights Defenders" (third rank with 92.5 percent coverage of transparency items), "Anti-Slavery International" (fourth rank with 90 percent coverage of transparency items), "United Nations" (fifth rank with 87.5 percent coverage of transparency items), FIAN (sixth rank with 75 percent coverage of transparency items), "Amnesty International" (seventh rank with 72.5 percent coverage of transparency items), and "Center for Economic and Social Rights" (eighth rank with 67.5 percent coverage of transparency items) were identified.

Finally, the overall performance of the international organizations of human rights was evaluated as acceptable. Regardless of the current situation, in line with much more performance and so better transparency, some recommendations revolving around the three main dimensions (i.e., access to information, contribution to/engagement in decision making, and access to outputs) were emphasized.