جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیپلماسی » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The aim of this research was to examine the role of media power in the sports diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present research, with a qualitative approach, is based on data foundation, which was conducted in terms of practical objectives and data collection fieldwork. Among the elites in this field, 20 individuals were purposefully selected as snowball samples. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. For the validity and reliability of the research, the acceptability, transferability, and confirmability method was used, and the reliability was obtained at 77% in the retest.

Through the review and analysis of the interviews, 39 codes were identified in the form of 8 concepts in the axis of external conditions, 30 codes in the form of 6 concepts under contextual conditions, 20 codes in the form of 4 concepts under interventionist conditions, 44 codes in the form of 9 concepts in the axis of strategies, 36 codes in the form of 7 concepts related to consequences, and 24 codes in the form of 2 concepts related to the central phenomenon of identification.

The research results showed that factors such as media development, the importance of sports in the media, media position development,cultural exchange in the media, theoretical foundation production in the media,the diplomatic nature of the media, enrichment of leisure time, and other factors played an important role in the media's role in sports diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to identify the tools of sports diplomacy to advance the political goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The research process involved two steps. The first step of the research involved qualitative research (Documents available in libraries and websites, Study of scientific articles in domestic and foreign journals, books, and tools for interviewing university professors and elites). The second step of the study involved quantitative research of the descriptive-analytical type (using Delphi method and AHP). The statistical population in the qualitative section was all managers and experts in the field of sports diplomacy. In qualitative methods, the number of samples is not predetermined. As a result, the interview was continued until the theoretical saturation research topic was reached, thus, both targeted and snowball sampling methods were used at this stage. In the quantitative section and in the Delphi, the statistical population included 20 academic elite professors who specialize in sport management, political science, and strategic management. In the AHP section, the statistical population consisted of experts and interviewers in the Delphi who were with the subject using the non-probability sampling method. The process of data analysis in the qualitative section consisted of conducting and editing interviews, coding opinions, classifying opinions into identical conceptual groups, and interpreting research concepts. In the Delphi section, Delphi questionnaire was used to remove unnecessary variables. In the AHP method, AHP MASRET software was used to rank research variables.
The results showed that the formulation of the executive-behavioral guidelines of the expeditionary sports committees to international events, hosting international events, using sport to introduce positive internal change to world public opinion, participation of athletes in charity and international activity, sports ambassadors, obtain international seats, etc. One of the most important tools of sports diplomacy was to achieve the international goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
According to the findings, it can be said that the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to its sports potential, can use sport and sport events as a tool to advance its goals internationally by shaping its sports diplomacy.

Today, the place of sports and sports efforts has gone beyond physical effort and mere entertainment and has especially found a political and international aspect. The internationalization of a sizable chunk of sports has caused countries to turn to international sports coordination in order to achieve national interests and reach their political and international goals. In this regard, the concept of sports diplomacy has emerged along with other diplomacy. Smart power diplomacy means using all diplomatic mechanisms in all fields to secure national interests, including the power mechanism of sports. Given this, the critical question has been raised that In line with sports diplomacy in the framework of smart power, what position has sports enjoyed in the diplomatic system of Iran and America?

In this study, the descriptive-analytical method was used in the framework of Suzan Nasel's smart power theory and Joseph Nye's soft power theory.

Despite having an efficient capacity in the field of sports and using it optimally, in line with sports diplomacy, Iran has a marginal perspective and a secluded life attitude towards sports, whilst American considers sports as a tool so that sports was used to sanction and delegitimize or a tool to establish relations between two countries.

The United States of America, from the lens of smart power in sports diplomacy, has been seeking to achieve its long-term political goals in sports by presenting a coherent program regarding the use of athletes, coaches, referees, and sports companies, but Iran's political officials think of sports as a pastime and have not thought about the effectiveness of sports in the international arena, yet.

Different sports federations can try to grow and develop their organization's human resources by using favorable relations with sports federations of other countries. Therefore, the design of the model was the influencing factors on the development of communication between the sports federations of Iran and the countries of the Persian Gulf.

The present research work was conducted in a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The phenomenological approach was used in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, the descriptive survey approach was used. The participating community of the qualitative part includes experts related to the subject of the study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 of them. The data collection tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative part, the content validity of which was confirmed by Several experts, and due to the limitedness of the statistical society, according to the Morgan table, it was completed by 384 people related to the subject. The reliability of the instrument was also estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation model) was used in order to present the influencing factors on the development of communication between sports federations of Iran and Persian Gulf countries.

According to the information obtained from the research work, 71 primary topics were identified in the form of 11 main topics: media content, behavioral norms, infrastructure development, management strategy, political dimensions, security dimensions, sports interactions, international solidarity, sports communication, national prestige, and educational experiences. Also based on the results of the factor loadings, it can be said that the dimensions of security (0.952) have the most influence and national prestige (0.394) have the least influence on the development of communication between sports federations of Iran and Persian Gulf countries.

It is suggested to the senior managers of sports federations in Iran to use the concepts identified in this research work to improve sports relations with other countries.

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers of the development of foreign diplomacy in foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The entire research process included two steps, The first stage of research includes: qualitative research of type grounded theory (Using an interview with university professors and elites, reading articles, books and documents),The second stage of the study included: quantitative research of descriptive-analytical type (using Delphi and AHP method). The results showed that the indifference and neglect of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the State Department on international sports issues, Fundamental disadvantages in the statutes of the federations, The ideological barriers and the conflicts of some of the values of the I.R.I with the rules and norms governing the world of sport, There was no specialist manpower, Political decisions inconsistent with international sports issues at the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Federations and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, And the number of decision makers in international sport affairs, One of the most important obstacles to the development of sport diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is suggested that the potential of embassies located in countries with international sports organizations (such as FIFA-based Switzerland), in the field of sports diplomacy to achieve international goals could be used.

In the current era and in the light of the communication revolution, there have been changes in the concept of power that the design of Smart Power indicates such a change, so researchers believe that by identifying the components of Smart Power in sport, the traditional and purely soft prospective of sport can be changed and finally they aim to rank the obtained components. The study paradigm is pragmatism and its approach is a combination that in the first stage is qualitative and exploratory and the second stage is descriptive-survey. Using purposive sampling method in the first stage, 15 participants including sports management and political science experts were interviewed and the collected data were analyzed with MAXQAD 2020 software. Results in the exploratory phase revealed 6 main components including Events, Deprivation, Economic, Human, Ideological, and Scientific. In the second phase, to rank the identified factors, the questionnaires were distributed among 18 experts in both sports management and political science fully acquainted with the subject and then the results were analyzed in the AHP software showing that the results of the ranking in order of weight are Events, Deprivation, Economic, Human, Ideological, and Scientific. Consequently, it turned out that in addition to the purely soft and beautiful scenes in sports, history has also witnessed tough saber-rattling in the smart power perspective.

The relationship between diplomacy and sports is reciprocal, both diplomacy in sports management, holding world competitions, hosting, participating in competitions, etc., and sports in promoting diplomacy in different countries through sports, with or without participation in competitions Sports (such as the Olympic boycott). The purpose of this study is to investigate the economic and sports effects of the development of sports diplomacy on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is fundamental from the perspective of the goal. On the other hand, this research is applied. The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The sample size was 110 people in the quantitative section and 12 specialists in the field of sports diplomacy and international relations. The research instrument was a completed questionnaire and a semi-structured interview whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The results show that in the sports dimension of the item (sports diplomacy in the conditions of the country's athletes in international sports events, with a factor load of 0.81) has the highest factor load and in the economic dimension of the item (holding sports events strengthens Infrastructure and facilities are appropriate. With a factor load of 0.96) has the highest factor load. As a result, by using the country's tourism capacity and sports infrastructure, the country's sports conditions can be improved through sports diplomacy.

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all political-sport managers and experts in the field of sports diplomacy who were selected through purposeful and accessible sampling. Data collection method included library studies, semi-structured interviews with experts and finally Delphi method in three stages. Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) were used to identify the strategic position. The results showed that the position of sport diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is in the WO position. In this regard, it is concluded that high level officials and policy makers in the Ministry of Sport, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other relevant institutions should focus their efforts on removing weaknesses and taking advantage of existing opportunities.

This study aimed to design a model of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in sport, focus on sport and politics fields. It was mixed method and designed. The study population was 264 individuals which equalized with the sample. A researcher-structured questionnaire is applied to achieve the research purposes. Face and content validity were confirmed in three phases with Delphi techniques by 21 sport and cultural experts and scholars. Construct validity of questionnaire was accepted by confirmatory factor analysis. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Structural Equations Method (SEM) were used with the help of SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that in the model of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in sports with emphasis on the political and sports field, there are factors for the development of international relations, development of peace and power at the domestic and international level, human capital, sporting events and products. The obtained model has a suitable fitting.

The purpose of this study was to Investigation Different Dimensions of ban Iranian Football Clubs from Hosting in Asia 2020. The research method was qualitative and content analysis. Statistical population consisted of all Persian-language media that published their news and reports through various such as sites, social networks, television, radio, magazines and newspapers, etc. For this purpose, 28 media with the richest information were selected purposefully and the data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of initial (open) and inferential coding. The results showed that the three categories of factors mentioned by the AFC, internal experts and internal confounders are the causes of this phenomenon. Media responses, short-term and long-term solutions are needed to overcome these constraints. The consequences of such decisions in both acceptance or non-acceptance of ban from hosting were also examined. Regional networking, obtaining important seats, establishing a sports diplomacy secretariat, and developing informal communications were the most important long-term solutions offered to the country's federation and sports authorities.

Today, sports diplomacy is one of the types of public diplomacy that has a special place in the foreign policy of countries. The special circumstances of the Islamic Republic of Iran redouble the need for effective sports diplomacy. Governments after the Islamic Revolution have always sought to use the capabilities of soft power, but they have not been effective in this regard and or they have faced various challenges. The use of correct and effective sports diplomacy can help politicians to achieve their political goals, especially in the field of international relations and world peace. The main question of this research is what was the position of sports diplomacy in Iranian governments after the Islamic Revolution? In this research, the position of sports diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution that has been studied by descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources. The results showed that Iranian sports diplomacy does not follow a specific trend and pattern, but as time goes on since the beginning of the revolution, governments, regardless of their political positions, have resorted to using this diplomacy to their advantage.

Nowadays, sport provides an opportunity for friendly cooperation among different countries which is based on contribution of all nations and individuals in the natural form of sport. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compile a framework of sport diplomacy in Islamic Republic of Iran armed forces. The methodology of present study is Grounded Theory (GT) having qualitative approach which is applied in terms of purpose using semi-structured interviews for data collection. Participants in this study included officials of Ministry of Sport and Youth, the National Olympic and Paralympic Committee, sport federations, sport science professors, foreign ministry experts and great managers of armed forces who aware of sport and public diplomacy which 21 of whom were selected through purposeful sampling. The tool of this research was semi-structured interviews that continued until theoretical saturation stage. The reliability and validity of findings were determined by dependability, reliability and generalizability. Grounded theory qualitative approach was used to analyze the data for open, axial and selective coding. Based on the results, 128 initial conceptual propositions with 31 main categories in six dimensions of paradigm model were identified including causal conditions (5 main concepts), contextual factors (6 main concepts), confounding factors (6 main concepts), strategies (7 main concepts) and the consequences (7 main concepts). The proposed theory was also defined as "Increase the importance of development of military sports diplomacy as a tool for strengthening military diplomacy in other areas of the armed forceschr('39') mission and, consequently, the development of public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Finally, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces pay special attention to sports diplomacy in order to strengthen their mission areas.

In the last century, football has become a major player in cultural, social, economic and, more importantly, political and international exchanges. As this sport affects beliefs, attitudes and practices, and as one of the factors contributing to the formation of internal and external policies and relationships, it can carry out numerous social, economic, cultural and diplomatic functions and has made a lot of change in countries. As a result, sports and sport activities have gone beyond physical activity or entertainment, and have achieved various social, cultural, economic, political and international goals and functions. Analysis of theories and research found that among the various phenomena, football as one of the examples of relations between countries has been able to place a special place among the programs of developing countries to express their own society demands to the world. The political, social, economic, and cultural functions of football, and its effects and effects on the level of interactions between states and others, international actors, have the potential to be theorized and conceptualized. Based on the findings of this study, the specifics and functions of football diplomacy can be seen as strengthening national identity as a means of development, peace and reconciliation tools, a tool for altruism and improving relations, a soft power tool, a tool for convergence and dialogue in the national and international dimension of countries. This article is based on descriptive-analytical method and the method of data collection is based on documentary and library and comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to review the experiences of sports diplomacy in selected countries and compare them with Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical which according to the type of study, George Berdy comparative study method was used. Countries surveyed in the comparative research section include USA, Germany, France, Japan, United Kingdom and Islamic Republic of Iran. The reason for selecting the countries mentioned is their successful activities and proper organization as the leading countries in the field of sports diplomacy. Information from these countries was gathered through searches of websites, scientific articles, and research inside and outside of Iran, related books, documents, and evidences. It was also collected through interview with diplomats, professors, experts and stakeholders in the field of sports diplomacy in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior political-sport managers of the country who had managerial and executive records in the field of sport and politics. The statistical sample consisted of 12 elites who were selected by available sampling and snowball method. The result showed that in the leading countries in the field of sports diplomacy, many activities were carried out at macro level, which were classified into three categories of active sports diplomacy institutions, sports diplomacy priorities and measures taken to enhance this diplomacy. The situation of Iran sports diplomacy indicates that there is no proper planning and policy making with the approach of sports diplomacy in the country. Therefore, it could be declared that since the determination of each country's foreign policy is influenced by many variables, the Islamic Republic can use sports diplomacy as a facilitating tool for foreign policy implementation by modeling successful countries.

In addition to the individual dimension, sport has various social, cultural, economic andpolitical dimensions, and in this regard, it is highly considered by officials andpolicymakers in all countries. In the current era, soft diplomacy and cultural and sportsdiplomacy have replaced hard diplomacy, and so sport is a tool that has very importantimplications, both domestically and internationally. In this regard, in this article, wehave tried to address the need for policy-making and planning in this field by looking atsports diplomacy, the introduction of which is cultural diplomacy. Undoubtedly,strategic and long-term policy-making is essential in achieving the intended goals, andwithout it, any short-term activities and actions will be ineffective.

The study is to design a model of football diplomacy in Iran, which is based on the Grounded Theory and through interviews with 23 managers, experts, faculty members, legislators and diplomats and media practitioners who use the Snowball method and selection of experts with maximum oscillation was done. The data were analyzed through three open, axial, and selective coding steps through Nvivo 10 software. The findings, in three stages of coding, identified and categorized the main and secondary categories of football diplomacy: the causal conditions (football nature, structural factors, cultural policies, international politics, Management policies, media policies, professional sport policies); background conditions (economic factors, factors related to government and politics, cultural and social factors, measurement criteria and policies related to FIFA); strategies (international actions, structural actions, cultural and social actions, actions related to expedition teams, business and economic actions), and consequences (dignity and prestige International, development of peace and friendship, isolationism, national identity and convergence, and development of sport tourism, power generation and upgrading of skills). Finally, the paradigm and theoretical model of football diplomacy were formed, As a result of football diplomacy in Iran, according to Progressive constraints that have been affected by different conditions are far from reaching the desired and expected status. Therefore, the application of some strategies will be effective in achieving the desired situation and can somewhat have the desired outcomes for diplomacy.