جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زیرساخت های گردشگری » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Today, tourism, as one of the most important sustainable development industries, creates great economic, social and cultural opportunities for megacities and the mother cities of the world. Today, infrastructure plays an important role in world tourism. The most important of these facilities are accommodation-reception centers, transportation and means of communication, advertising and culture, which along with attractions can boost tourism in the region.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of implementation method it is descriptive research with emphasis on correlational method. The statistical population related to this research includes all citizens over 18 years old and under 60 years old in Bushehr  city as well as active organizations in The field of tourism is in 1402, the number of citizens according to the latest housing census of Bushehrbushehr province is 223504people.

According to the findings of the research, the value of the coefficient of determination (R^2) for the variable of the influence of tourism infrastructure factor on sustainable tourism in Bushehr province and its components is equal to 0.250. According to the obtained t-values, it should be mentioned that the factor load related to the questions and also the t-values related to the tourism infrastructure factor are more than the basic and standard value of 1.96.

Also, the results showed that the discussion of attracting tourism in the effectiveness of the tourism infrastructure component on various aspects of sustainable tourism including the cultural dimension, the economic dimension, the social dimension, and the environmental dimension in Bushehr city is an effective and constructive emphasizing factor that Kelly showed that the hypothesis that tourism infrastructure has a significant impact on sustainable tourism with an emphasis on the attraction of commercial tourism in Bushehr city is confirmed and positive.

This research was conducted to assess the feasibility of developing cultural tourism in the traditional context of Amol City.

Design/methodology/approach:

 Documentary studies in this research included a review of all the studies done in the region. The research data were also created and collected through the researcher's questionnaire. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 400 people, and the researcher collected 300 complete questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaire data and hypotheses were tested with Spearman and t-test.

The data analysis results indicate a significant relationship between the capacity of historical-cultural buildings in the old context, management performance, urban infrastructure, and the development of cultural tourism in Amol. Also, the evaluation of each of the independent and dependent variables of the research shows that tourists are satisfied with the capacity of historical monuments and support them. Still, they are dissatisfied with Amol City’s management performance and tourism infrastructure.

In this regard, using promotional facilities to introduce the image of historical-cultural tourism in Amol City to attract the material and spiritual support of the people and to involve them in preserving and revitalizing historical monuments, as well as restoring and revitalizing historical monuments, especially Qajar houses, and taking care the museums of Amol can be influential in the development of cultural tourism in Amol.

Originality/value: 

The historical context of Amol City has provided suitable conditions for paying attention to historical-cultural tourism. Therefore, the prosperity of historical-cultural tourism depends on the attention and treatment of the historical contexts of Amol City. In the current research, the important capacities of the development of historical-cultural tourism in Amol City, including historical buildings, management performance, tourism infrastructure, and the level of loyalty and support of tourists for heritage tourism, were analyzed.

The tourism industry operates as an interconnected system, where the synergy between its components is crucial. Tourist attractions alone are insufficient to drive travel or foster industry growth; instead, it is imperative to provide facilities and infrastructure to accommodate tourists. This research aims to assess the role of infrastructure and capabilities in the sustainable development of tourism along the Khorramabad to Arak axis. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, utilizing document analysis and surveys through a researcher-made questionnaire. The research findings were analyzed and evaluated using the CoCoSo method, focusing on four infrastructure indicators: physical infrastructure (six dimensions), government infrastructure (four dimensions), service infrastructure (six dimensions), and cultural infrastructure (four dimensions). The results indicate that physical infrastructure plays a pivotal role in tourism development along the studied axis, achieving a score of 3.61 and ranking first. Service and government (management-institutional) infrastructures secured the second and third positions, with scores of 3.56 and 2.24, respectively. Cultural infrastructure, with a score of 1.46, obtained the lowest rating, indicating its relatively lower importance compared to the other dimensions.

1058/5000The expansion of tourism in the world requires the special conditions and facilities of Abhova, antiquities, natural attractions, customs and traditions, infrastructure, facilities and equipment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of tourism services and infrastructure on the loyalty of tourists to tourism destinations in Yasuj city based on practical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature. The required data are collected from the library and field method (questionnaire) and the statistical population of tourists who visited Yasuj in spring and summer of 1398, which includes 250 people. It was used to analyze the data of t-test questionnaire, linear regression and fuzzy inference system (in MATLAB software). The results of the t-test showed that tourists are less than average satisfied with tourism services and infrastructure, social environment and living environment; But historical and cultural attractions, natural attractions and local attractions have expressed above-average satisfaction. To complete the results of the fuzzy inference system, if the status of infrastructure and services is 2.18 and the status of social and environmental environment is 2.19 and the status and amount of historical, natural and local attractions is 3.43, the level of tourist loyalty tourism destinations (output ); It will be 0.315.

The tourism industry is one of the ten most influential industries in economic development in most countries. To this end, major research from various perspectives on this industry has been conducted and is ongoing at all international, national and regional levels. One of these areas of research that plays an important role in micro and macro policy making of decision makers is the issue of ranking different regions. In this research, the provinces of the country are ranked based on operational indicators. These indicators have been developed in this research by studying the samples of valid researches, interviews, field researches and valid national statistics of the country. The result of this identification was 18 operational and performance indicators whose information was accessible and validated in the country. It should be noted that in this study to develop tourism indicators, a wider range of well-known literature called tourism and travel (T&T) has been considered. After identifying the indicators that can be a valid reference for future research, the provinces are ranked by two multi-criteria decision-making tools, TOPSIS and Macbeth. These algorithms are developed in the MATLAB programming environment. Finally, the result of the two methods was that the algorithms confirm each other's ranking in more than 90% of cases. In addition, the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran and Khorasan Razavi have the first to third places.

One of the necessities for the development of the border provinces of the country is the existence of appropriate infrastructure and bases for the development of these areas. Medical tourism is one of the ways to develop these areas, which is the basis for the development of this type of tourism due to the fact that Iraq borders the province of Kurdistan. This research is descriptive-analytical and is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consists of Iraqi medical tourists who had referred to Sanandaj for treatment and treatment for 4 months in the period from September 22, 2020 to January 19, 2021. The sampling method of this study is non-random. The sample size was selected based on data saturation, based on data saturation, due to the lack of exact number of statistical population in these 4 months and the inability to measure it by Cochran's formula. The main tool for collecting research data is a questionnaire and these questionnaires were distributed in three hospitals: Kowsar, Besat and Tohid. SPSS software and correlation and regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate that all components of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair pricing) have a significant relationship with the image of medical destination and the variance of destination infrastructure (knowledge, security, ease of access and fair price) is 82%. Explains the medical destination image from the variance.

Nowadays, tourism is widely accepted as a fundamental basis of development. As a sector of economy, tourism is considered to be one of the most important activities of contemporary human beings, which not only makes dramatic changes to the landscape, and political, economic, and cultural condition, but also transforms lifestyle of many individuals. The contemporary world considers tourism as one of the most important sectors of the tertiary industry which affects job creation and income generation, results in significant economic growth, and consequently provides the prerequisites for sustainable development of different societies. Iran is among the top 10 countries of the world in terms of tourist attractions, possessing many sites with potential attractions. Thus, tourism can be considered as an effective tool in dealing with economic problems of the country. As the basis of sustainable development, tourism can solve some problems of the country and thus, development of its infrastructure results in optimal allocation of available resources. The present study seeks to investigate the overall condition of tourism infrastructure in Markazi province. Previous studies in France, Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Thailand and Japan indicate that their tourism sector has developed rapidly and now aids other sectors of the economy. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of necessary infrastructure for the development of this industry can result in a more dynamic rural economy. 

This applied study has a descriptive-comparative design and its study area includes all counties of Markazi Province. Library method and questionnaires were used for data collection. Statistical data and information were collected from the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Markazi Province and the statistical yearbook (2015) of this province. In accordance with Delfi method and targeted sampling, related indices were sent to 17 rural development experts and specialists via Email.  It should be noted that some of these experts had previous experience in tourism. Finally, 10 completed questionnaires were received. PROMETHEE multifunctional decision-making model was also used to determine the overall condition of counties in Markazi Province in relation to tourism infrastructure.Since the present study seeks to classify counties in Markazi province, the first function of this technique has been used. An appropriate weight is first assigned to each of the 20 indices of tourism infrastructure using Delphi method. Then, these weights are evaluated and measured along with the value of each component and option in Visual PROMETHEE software. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate relations between variables more comprehensively. SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software were also used to analyze the data. 

Findings indicate that Arak with a value of 0.7739 has ranked first among the counties. Several factors can be the reason: First, as the capital of the province, Arak possesses better facilities, larger population, etc. Second, as the main access road connecting neighboring provinces, Arak has developed more than other counties. With a value of 0.4673, Saveh has the second rank. Saveh also contains the access road connecting some of neighboring provinces and is located near Tehran. Thus, a strong industrial town has developed in this county attracting many workers with different ethnicities seeking employment and income. Due to these factors, relatively good facilities have developed in Saveh. With a value of 0.3536, Shazand has ranked third. Due to its proximity to Arak (the capital of the province), this county has attracted large industries such as petrochemical industry along with suitable facilities and infrastructure. Khomein (0.3166), Delijan (0.0168), Mahalat (-0.1023), Tafresh (-0.1634), Khandab (-0.3002), Zarandieh (-0.3266), Farahan (-0.3320), Ashtian (-0.3514) and Komijan (-0.3523) are next in rank.Analyzing the relationships between variables indicates that service-related components (0.279) and transportation-related components (0.096) have the most powerful direct influence on the level of development and other variables are next in rank. 

Findings of the present study and previous studies indicate that centrality and population can be considered as influential factors resulting in easier access to desirable and appropriate facilities in different countries of the world. However, such a difference is not observed between different regions in developed countries due to their integrated development. Developing countries such as Iran lack such an integrated development environment and thus, the condition in provincial capitals is much more different from other counties. As indicated in the present study, the level of development in Arak was much higher than other counties of Markazi province. Therefore, an appropriate plan is required for other counties to achieve sustainable development, and especially sustainable tourism development.

Health tourism is one of the types of tourism that has a favorable exchange rate and job creation for the host country and can also develop sub-industries as a leading industry. The article was in line with the feasibility study of Tabriz health tourism. The main question of the article is that what are the strengths and weaknesses of health tourism in the metropolis of Tabriz, as well as the opportunities and threats? This article is based on the Swat method and uses a questionnaire survey method to determine the scales and their weight. The statistical population of this study was 20 tourism experts. In order to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of health tourism in the metropolis of Tabriz, based on points, it has been entered in Excel environment and after examining the results of tables, the necessary strategy has been determined and drawn as a graph. The findings show that Tabriz has the necessary infrastructure for health tourism. Another finding is that a defensive strategy can be effective in developing health tourism.

Due to the high and quick growth of tourism, many experts call twentieth century as tourism century. This industry affects socials, cultural, and economical fields like foreign currency, incomes and revenues, costs and prices, distribution of income, emigration, division of labors, customs and arts.

The purpose of the present research is to explain the position of tourism infrastructures in Oramanat of Kermanshah province.
 

 After collecting data and information, Oramanat and other cities of Kermanshah province were weighted by using entropy method in terms of 15 criteria. Also WASPAS and SAR models and the integrated method (integration of the results of WASPAS and SAR models) were used to rank and evaluate the status of the development of Oramanat and other provinces of Kermanshah.
 

The results show that Ghasre Shirin province with coefficient of 0.6105 is placed in the first rank, and it is half-developed. The provinces of Paveh with the coefficient of 0.4556, Sanghez with coefficient of 0.3831, Gilan Gharb with coefficient of 0.3728 and west Islam Abad with coefficient of 0.3517 are, respectively, placed in the second to fifth ranks, and they are half-developed. The provinces of Herrin with coefficient of 0.3218, Kangavar with coefficient of 0.3107, Javanrood with coefficient of 0.2978, Dalahoo with coefficient of 0.2953, Kermanshah with coefficient of 0.2829, Sahneh with coefficient of 0.2763, and Ravansar with coefficient of 0.2589 are placed in the sixth to twentieth ranks, respectively. At last, two provinces of Salas Babajani with coefficient of 0.3251 and Sarpol Zahab with coefficient of 0.3114 are respectively placed in the 13th</sup> and 14th</sup> ranks, and they are deprived. In the integrated method, the dominant developmental space of provinces is half-developed. Nine provinces (62.29) are placed at the deprived level.

Among the innovations of this research, compared with other studies, is the use of new models (SAR, WASPAS) and the integrated method to integrate the results of the two models SAR, WASPAS.

This study investigate the convergence in tourism development among Iranian provinces, and for this purpose, the convergence of beta (absolute and conditional), sigma convergence and club convergence has been evaluated. Tourism infrastructure types have been used as tool variables in conditional beta convergence. Therefore, also it has been investigated the role of tourism infrastructure in regional integration of tourism. The model of the dynamic panel data is estimated using the orthogonal re-parameterization approach for the period of 2011-2016 and for the 31 provinces. To study club convergence, the provinces are divided into two groups of provinces with negative convergence rate (group 1) and provinces with positive convergence rate (group 2). The results indicate a difference in the rate of convergence between the two groups, so that the provinces of group 2 have a faster trend in both types of beta convergence and club convergence. Also, the provinces of group 1 have a much higher tourism infrastructure, more population concentration and more tourists in other provinces. Also, these provinces are mostly known as provinces with the ultimate destination of travel, which also have a higher tourist longevity.

Tourism is one of the fast-growing economic areas, with a significant amount of income, employment, and national production. Together with the advancement of various industries, information technology has been rapidly expanding in multiple parts of human life. Tourism is also influenced by the influence of information technology, and the subject of electronic tourism is the result of the combination of these two areas. Considering the existence of diverse tourist attractions in Yazd province and also the necessity to use the capacity of cyberspace, in this research, the factors influencing the development of electronic tourism and causal relations among them have been identified. The most critical infrastructural factors identified in this field are then determined, and then a conceptual model of relationships between these factors is developed. Then, using the structural equation modeling approach, the proposed model was tested. The results of the research show that the quality of software has the role of full mediation in the relationship between other structures with the development of electronic tourism. It can be said that success in this area depends on government support, the quality of information systems and infrastructure, but this effect is made possible by the features of the software programmed.


The value of tourism and related activities will be more apparent when we know that its income is equal to that of oil revenues. Today an electronic branch of this industry named electronic tourism, which is the source of potential economic and cultural movements, that cause revolution in the process and transactions. Therefore, the proper development of electronic tourism as one of the most important means of economic growth in today's world can boost many of the infrastructures of each country's economy and play a significant role in increasing the level of gross national product. Due to this technology shifts in tourism, considering the infrastructure that facilitates the development of e-tourism is the necessity. This research studied the information system elements that assumed effects on implementation and improving e-tourism in Yazd province. For this purpose, the survey was done and gathered data analyzed by structural equation modeling.

A survey has been implemented to collect required data for testing conceptual research model. Further to library study, two separate questionnaires were designed in this regard. In the first step by Delphi approach, different infrastructure factors which were extracted from literature study was ranked by nine selected experts in Yazd Province tourism industry. Final elements then exploit in a questionnaire which designed to gather required mass data for testing conceptual model by structural equation modeling. It should be noted that the required sample is exclusively chosen from people with a minimum of 5 years of experience in the tourism industry. By simple random sampling method, 386 people were selected to respond the second questionnaire. After preprocessing gathered data, a covariance-based structural equation modeling method has been used. For this purpose, SPSS software was used for preliminary analysis of the data extracted from the questionnaire and AMOS for validating the conceptual model of the research and measuring of the constructs regression weights.

Discussion and Results: Four independent variables were studied in this research which includes: legal, information systems, quantity, and quality of infrastructure, software. These variables assumed affects e-tourism development as a primary dependent variable. For the conceptual model test, validity and reliability of that calculated based on different approach. For the purpose first explorative factor analysis done and all questions controlled for factor loadings. Then after by AMOS software conceptual model tested by the various good of fitness parameters. Due to an acceptable level for all fitness indexes, model altered and questions with low factor loading removed. Research final result was path coefficients which would be significant to consider as meaningful in the model. The results obtained from the general research model test indicate that the hardware and infrastructure dimensions, information systems and legal-governmental through the intermediary software agent, promote the development of e-tourism. Considering the full mediator role of the software agent's, it's essential evidence that the development of e-tourism relies strongly on software dimension. It is clear, of course, concluded that the software factor has full mediator effects on the model which imply all other activities to strengthen e-tourism development dependent on that. Also, it shall be noticed infrastructure and legislation factors both have high path coefficient with software which imply basically to develop e-tourism infrastructure and legislation would facilitate context to software performance rise upward

IntroductionIn many countries, tourism is one of the most complex trades and as a polyhedral activity has inclusive and various positive functions such as creating jobs, earning revenue, and strengthening the infrastructures. Rural tourism is one type of tourism that is linked with many other tourism patterns but the point of reference is its establishment in rural areas. The demand for the use of tourism capacity in rural areas has increased sharply in recent years. Media attention has grown to the originality of rural areas, which seems have been threatened by the spread of urban life. Nowadays, tourists are looking for virgin rural communities. Now the important point in planning based on attractions is how to prioritize development and how to develop them. To measure and prioritize attraction and elements, usually various criteria such as economic, social, cultural, infrastructural, environmental, institutional, legal, and geographic are taken into consideration, based on which decisions can be made on different attractions. The creation of a sustainable and successful tourism industry depends on the availability of appropriate infrastructure that directs the economic, social, and infrastructural objectives. The purpose of this study is to classify the Dehestans of Kerman in terms of the existing tourism infrastructure. Based on the subject matter and the purpose of the research, it was hypothesized that the existing rural tourism infrastructure is balanced in Dehestans of Kerman.
Theoretical FrameworkIran villages, having good climate and human and natural resorses, are potentially exceptional for tourist attraction. Among other things helping rural tourism in Iran are physical patterns, particular architecture, geographical conditions, cultureal customs, economic activities, handicrafts, living pattern, silence and tranquility, and various pristine landscapes are many the invalvabli properties of these villager which help rural tourisem in iran. However, sustainable and sucessful tourism requires some infrastructures in order to facilitate social and economic growth. In this regard, there have been extensive activities so far to develop rural tourism to increase rural employment and income. As tourism infrastructures serve as tools to service tourists, passengers and guests, it is important to optimally utilize such infrastructures, to discover inequalities and to level tourism sites. This in return leads to better management in tourism. Hence, adjusting the number of tourist to tourism spaces (especially infrastructures) is very important.
MethodologyThe applied method in this study is descriptive-analytical based on the documentary style. The analysis level was 12 districts of Kerman county and the analysis unit was the existing infrastructure of rural tourism sector. The indexes studied in this study included population number, number of residential centers (C1), number of intersections (C2), number of public parks (C3), number of passenger services (C4), recreational areas (C5), health services (C6), tourism sample areas (C7), and cooperative companies (C8). The required information has been collected from the Iranian Statistics Center, the Population and Housing Registry of Kerman in 2011, and the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Kerman province. In this research, using Rough Set method's ranking technique, the Dehestans of Kerman county have been prioritized according to the existing tourism infrastructure. The theory of Rough Collection was founded in the early 1980s by Professor Zedislow Pawlack. The Rough Collection Theory is a new mathematical method for intelligent data analysis. The main purpose of the analysis of Rough Collection is to obtain approximate concepts of the acquired data. The basis of the theory forms the concepts of the bottom approximation set, the upper approximation set, and the boundary region. In this technique, after specifying the indicators, in accordance with the rules for each indicator, the law pertinent to each of the indicators is defined in four levels (excellent, good, moderate, and weak) and finally each Dehestans is ranked and classified based on each index.
Results & DiscussionThere is a connection and integration between the level of development and sustainability of each Dehestans . Therefore, the Rough Set method is used to assess the ability of rural areas. This method can be used in qualitative evaluations. The decision support system helps us to get a lot of information from a series of simple questions and the feedback available. In addition, decision-makers can well be supported through this method. In fact, the decision support system can solve broad issues and give more information about the decision. Therefore, sustainable rural development is a multi-dimensional concept; in this regard, the Rough Set method can improve the number of indices. Furthermore, the analysis of the Rough Set method showed that there is a high potential in the concept of management and planning, and the indicators of sustainable rural development. The city of Kerman, as the widest city of Kerman province, has provided sufficient opportunities and resources to attract tourists to create favorable conditions for their economic prosperity. Each year, the attraction of a significant amount of tourists (domestic and foreigners) has shown the enrichment and improvement of the economic ways. The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of Dehestans of Kerman based on their tourism infrastructure. The results of the research process based on the Rough Set method showed that there is no balance between the rural districts of Kerman county. There is also a tangible gap in terms of the access to rural tourism infrastructure. Therefore, the research hypothesis is rejected and it can be concluded that the Dehestans of Kerman can be classified into the three levels of developed, half- possessed, and deprived.
Conclusions & SuggestionsThe county of Kerman, as the widest county in Kerman provinc, has had sufficient opportunites and resouces to attract tourists, which have provided favorable conditions for its economic prosperity. Each year, the attraction of a considerable number of tourists (domestic and foreigeners) has led to the enrichment and improvement of the economic ways. The purpose of the persent study was to determine the level of Dehestans of Kerman based on their tourism infrastructure. The results of the Rough set method showed that there is no balance among the Dehestans of Kerman county. There is also a tangible gap in terms of the access to rural tourism infrastucture . Therefore, the reserch hypothesis is accepted, and the Dehestans of Kerman can be classified into the three levels of developed, half- possessed, and deprived. In conclusion, the dehestans of Dehmirza and Hotak belong to the high approximate, Baghain and Mohiabad are among the low approximate Dehestans, and finally Kazemabad, Sirch, and Langar, which have a low index of tourism infrastructure, belong to the middle level.

This paper aims at rating tourism infrastructure in Kerman Province through Geographic Weight Regression (GWR). It is a descriptive-analytical study based on documents and field studies. Indicators have been gathered by literature reviewing and using expert's opinions. Then, Arc GIS Software and Modeling Spat Relationships tools were applied for analyzing data. According to the findings, Kerman City as the capital of the Province is the most developed city of the Province. Also, a half of cities (10 cities) are poor and only Kerman City as a regional metropolitan has an acceptable situation regarding tourism infrastructures.

Today, tourism is one of the most important, prosperous and promising activities of human beings, so that; It is referred to as the growth and development passage. Today, in many countries, the tourism industry is the main driving force behind economic development and it is important in the socio-economic development of countries. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the capacity of tourism spaces, especially the infrastructure and services needed for tourists. Leveling and ranking of tourism infrastructure in the tourist areas and the balanced distribution of infrastructure, are among the basic criteria of tourism development and a standard for determining the centrality as well as determining the required facilities and modifying the inequality between different areas of a province. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of Golestan province's cities based on the spatial distribution of tourism infrastructure by using VIKOR, SAW and TOPSIS decision-making techniques. To determine the importance of each indicators, Shannon entropy method was used and to analyze the data and Excel spreadsheet were used. Also, Copland integration technique was used to reach a more consensual and consistent result. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic and the research approach was applicable. The results of the Copland technique show that Gorgan city with a coefficient of (13) and Gonbade Kavoos with a coefficient of (11) have the first rank in terms of tourism indicators, and they have favorable situation. Gomishan city with a score of 11 and Maraveh Tappeh with a score of 13 are in poor condition and 10 other provinces of the province are in a semi-privileged position, respectively

With the start of the 21th century, due to the existence of economical, health, security and communication infrastructures , tourism has become one of the world's top three industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of the cities of East Azarbaijan province in terms of tourism infrastructure. Current research is an applied research and data collection and analytic-descriptive methods was considered in current study. The required information were collected through library and documentary. Geographic area of research will constitute 19 cities of East Azarbaijan province. Shannon entropy models, data envelopment analysis (DEA), Matrix crossover performance and Dea slover software were used to evaluate the data. The results showed that among the cities of East Azarbaijan province, in terms of tourism infrastructures, the cities of Tabriz, Maragheh, and miyaneh with the highest performance, 0.824, 0.865 and 0.919 respectively have the first to third place and Hashtrud, Varzeghan and Charvaymaq cities with the performance rate of 0.597, 0.544 and 0.471, take place at the seventeenth to nineteenth position. Also at the provincial level in terms of distribution of tourism infrastructure there is imbalance between the cities , so that 0.29 are efficient 0.38 are semi-efficient and 0.33 are inefficient. The main reason for the inefficiency of the cities raised from high use of inputs for small production of outputs. In general, the main solution to eliminate the inequalities and upgrade of inefficient regions to an efficient border is following up the principles of social justice in all aspects and considering the efficient cities as the pattern and model in terms of tourism infrastructure in order to make the decisions in line with the integrated development of different regions of the province.

Sustainable tourism in many countries is a symbol of cultural identity and an important part of the economy. Policy-makers in developing countries have frequently introduced tourism as a way for sustainable development. In many areas the unequal distribution of tourism infrastructures harms tourist attraction and deprives the other areas of tourism benefits. Grading is a criterion for determining the center of tourist area, determining the required infrastructure, and finally mitigating the existing inequality between areas. Accordingly, this study aimed at evaluating and ranking the cities in Mazandaran province in terms of tourism infrastructure. The method of the research was cross- functional based on the purpose of the study. The population of all the cities of the province up to 2014 was selected. To rank the cities, 10 indicators were selected based on tourism infrastructure and then the importance of infrastructure was calculated using the coefficient ANP and multi-criteria decision making techniques using TOPSIS, VICOR. Finally, using the integration techniques, all cities were ranked based on five scales. The results indicated that based on the criteria for ranking the cities, Amol, Sari, Babol were the best ones respectively as far as tourism infrastructure is considered. The cities of Golvagah, Myandrud and Simorg , on the other hand, had the lowest level of tourism infrastructure.

Today, tourism development as a profitable activity, in the countries planning, is in priority. But tourism development is needed to infrastructure development. usually in third world countries, focusing tourism infrastructure in major cities and provincial capitals, lads to tourism development in big cities, and towns, even villages with high potential which have little interest from its advantages. So identifying development level of cities, in terms of tourism infrastructure can be efficient method to planning for less developed regions. This research method is descriptive-analytical, trying to analyze tourism infrastructure in the cities of west azerbaijan province. To this purpose, 14 variables were selected in the field of tourism infrastructure using factor analysis techniques have been analyzed with SPSS software. Variables declined two influenced factors and finally cities were ranked by resulting scores of combined index, then development levels for each city was identified. The results indicate that, Urmia city in terms of having the infrastructure is in priority, Khoy city is second, and cities of showt and poldasht have been ranked in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth. This Fact indicated that, there is heterogeneity in this province. So that, Urmia city is as quite developed and the city of Khoy and Sardasht, developed and cities of Chaldoran, maku, Mahabad, Salamas, Miandoab, Nagadeh and Bukan are developing, while other cities are underdeveloped. Between the rank of each city in terms of its infrastructure and tourist attractions, there is a positive relationship