جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قاچاق » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most vulnerable due to being in the neighborhood of Afghanistan as the world's largest drug producer and also because it is the shortest, most economical and most important international drug transit route from East to West. Countries of the world are fighting drug trafficking. The evidence shows that the measures taken in different areas with the cooperation of different agencies to control drug trafficking have had great effects in this area. One of the most important organizations in the mentioned area is Naja Border Guard and especially Chabahar Admiralty, which has tried to reduce drug transit with its actions. Although the Chabahar Navy has been able to take very appropriate measures to prevent the entry of drugs into the country, it is facing challenges; This research was conducted with qualitative method and interviews with 30 experts in the field of research. The obtained results show that the eastern borders of Iran are the most important area for drug smuggling due to their long length with bankrupt and unstable governments such as Afghanistan and Pakistan, geomorphological factors such as the connection of the eastern provinces with the Lut Plain, and some internal factors such as the unfavorable economic conditions of the border areas. Narcotics have entered the country and it has provided a suitable ground for the growth and expansion of drug trafficking in this region. 

The smuggling of health-oriented goods is actually considered a threat to the country's economy due to non-payment of taxes and duties, lack of services to society, and non-participation in production and creation of legal employment. Also, the weakness of the institutions in charge of these goes is considered a serious threat to public health. Therefore, in general, the smuggling of health-oriented goods can endanger the security and health of citizens. The purpose of the current research is to explain and evaluate the challenges of dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods from the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of its objectives, the current study is of an applied research type, which was conducted by a mixed-method approach (documents and surveys). The researcher has built a library as a tool for collecting data using a polling tool and a questionnaire. The statistical population includes border guard commanders of Kermanshah province up to the level of border checkpoints. The sample size was 385 individuals who were selected through Cochran's formula and the purposeful sampling method. Appropriate statistical tests (such as one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation) were used to test hypotheses and measure correlation between variables using SPSS software. The findings indicate that the lack of formulation of coherent laws related to the fight against health-oriented goods smuggling, the prohibition and restriction of the entry and export of certain goods, the inefficiency of the laws and regulations in the field of goods smuggling, the weakness of the laws and regulations of border exchanges; underdevelopment of border areas, poverty (absolute and relative), kinship relations on both sides of the border, unemployment; the weakness of domestic production, the lack of control over the monetary and financial circulation system, profitability (due to the relative difference in the prices of goods), the spread of the culture of the hidden economy; the intensification of the class gap, the change of values, the weakness in the cultural fight against smuggling, the increase in the feeling of relative deprivation and the weakness in informing the people of the society about the legal, social, economic and cultural challenges in dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods in the border areas of Kermanshah province. The results showed that the existence of values such as consumers' economic rights, consumers' right to food, health, and medicine; citizens' social rights in physical and mental health, legal investment, and business rights, and extensive physical and life risks caused by the consumption of unhealthy products indicate that it is necessary to take action to solve the legal, social, economic and cultural challenges in the field of dealing with the smuggling of health-oriented goods.

Narcotics and related crimes are one of the most important threats to human society in the whole world. The present research has been conducted in this direction with the aim of studying and investigating the factors affecting drug discovery in the Saravan Border Regiment. The present research is based on descriptive-analytical methodology and is of a mixed type. A small part of the survey was done using a researcher-made questionnaire. The qualitative part of the theme analysis was done using in-depth interviews. Using the enumeration method, 128 people were selected in the quantitative part and 13 people were selected as the sample size until theoretical saturation was reached in the qualitative part. Based on the findings obtained from the research, the priority of the impact of the 4 dimensions of the research is the political dimension, economic dimension, social dimension, and cultural dimension. In the political dimension, "border security" with an average of 6.742, in the economic dimension, "high unemployment rate" with an average of 5.160, in the social dimension, "interaction with military institutions" with an average of 5.281, and in the cultural dimension, "cultivation between people's strata" They had the most influence with an average of 4.266. According to the findings of the research, it can be said that several factors have an effect on the discovery of drugs and their smuggling, which is necessary considering the identification of some of these factors; To organize and improve executive planning and to increase drug detections in the Saravan border regiment to provide a suitable platform to achieve this goal.

Borders are symbol of people's identity and national culture, and its protection has a direct relationship with sustainable development. Sustainable border security management mechanisms in the country should be designed in such a way as to support domestic production and prevent smuggling. Considering the basic and important role of security in the development of rural and urban areas, especially the provinces and border areas of the country, identifying and evaluating the influencing factors on the category of sustainable border security is of great importance. In this regard, this research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model for sustainable border security management in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interview and data base theory have been used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 30 managers of the governorate and command of the Ardabil Border Regiment who were purposefully selected. After theoretical saturation in the interview, the recorded data were implemented for analysis and the necessary coding was performed. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all 280employees of Ardabil governorate who were selected according to Morgan table and 162people based on stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool at this stage was a researcher-made questionnaire resulting from the first stage, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The data set obtained in this study after the interview and during the continuous process of open, central and selective coding in the form of 90 open codes, 60 concepts, 15 categories and 6 categories based on a systematic approach were organized. The findings of the research show that expanding economic factors, eliminating economic poverty, increasing the strength of border regiment forces and creating sustainable jobs are among the most important factors in creating sustainable security in the borders of the province.

Today, security and development are two unstable components in the management of border areas. As Sistan and Baluchestan province in terms of growth and development in the country's development ranking indicators, is always at a low level and on the other hand, regional and spatial imbalances between the central and border areas of the province seems very obvious, this underdevelopment has created conditions for the creation and growth of the phenomenon of trafficking. Thus, instead of solving the problem of underdevelopment as one of the main reasons and underlying problems of the province, due to security problems, governments have considered the issue of increasing border security as a short-term solution for these areas. In this regard, the present study, which is analytical-explanatory in nature and has been obtained by collecting documents and the latest reports of government organizations in 2020 and 2021, documents and information in books and scientific documents and their content interpretation. , Has tried to analyze the effective factors and indicators in the research findings as well as the relationship between the three components of underdevelopment, trafficking and intensification of border security, as well as in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The findings of the study revealed that issues such as lack of social justice, instability of security, the phenomenon of smuggling of goods, spatial and geographical imbalances, instability of residence and population, reduced political participation and political development, increased political violence and terrorist activities, neighborhoods with underdeveloped and undeveloped countries. They have affected the development cycle and security of the region.

This article examines Iran's approach to combating drug trafficking and psychotropic substances under the 1998 Vienna Convention. The research method was library. Under the 1998 Vienna Convention, all members must commit themselves to eliminating or reducing the illicit demand for narcotics, to monitoring the raw materials and chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of narcotics and psychedelics, and to ensuring that commercial carriers are not used to transport narcotics and Psychedelics are not allowed, this requires preventing drug trafficking in ports and free trade places, postal centers and shipping. Findings of the research indicate that: creating a platform and effectiveness of the fight against interactive policy-making, promotion of international mechanisms for drug control (conventions, laws, etc., meeting the expectations of international bodies in the field of drug control, review and monitoring Addressing all aspects of drugs (trafficking and consumption) of the international community, promoting the fight through mutual assistance to countries and regional and international projects, facilitating the fight against compliance with conventions and laws at the national and international levels are also important and priority issues. Is being pursued and implemented by the Islamic Republic of Iran in the international anti-narcotics sector, and the adoption of a new anti-narcotics law has provided a more appropriate framework for such cooperation.

In recent years, the western and northwestern borders of the country have become the entry point for new drugs and psychedelics, and the border police and the fight against narcotics have faced a serious challenge in the fight against drug trafficking. The aim of this study was to provide strategies to combat the trafficking of emerging addictive substances (NPS) from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. This research was conducted within the framework of qualitative approach and data foundation research method (Strauss and Corbin approach). Participants in the study, which included 20 experts from the NAJA Border Command, the NAJA Counter-Narcotics Police, the Economic Security Police, and emerging drug traffickers and criminals, used purposive sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. Were used. The instrument used for the interview was semi-structured. Findings showed border with supplying countries, poverty and unemployment, high profitability, long borders and border gaps as causal factors, weakness in control equipment and training of border workers, lack of intelligence and pollution of forces involved as Underlying factors and ultimately the tendency to use, targeted propaganda, weakness in religious laws and cultural values and not being controlled by international conventions as interfering factors have a significant impact on the smuggling of emerging addictive substances from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. Consequences included security-disciplinary, personal-social and economic consequences. The results showed that increasing authority, action and practice, public awareness and legislation can be considered as strategies to deal with the central phenomenon.

Considering that NAJA, as the main custodian of the fight against smuggling of goods in the country, is responsible for identifying, detecting and dealing with smuggling of goods.Therefore, this study aims to identify and enumerate the factors affecting the empowerment of border guards in the fight against trafficking and in order to increase the capacity,effectiveness and efficiency of staff.The present study is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of type, quantitatively and in terms of nature. The statistical population of the present study includes employees working in the border headquarters of Kurdistan province and related areas, which is a total of 120 people, as the volume of this study. Data collection tool was done by setting a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings indicate that in the dimension of individual factors in order (reducing greed and extravagance - solving financial problems - promoting beliefs and strengthening adherence to religious standards); In the dimension of organizational factors (preventing long-term presence in border units - providing the facilities needed by the units in order to prevent dependence on indigenous people - employing committed managers); In the dimension of external factors (preventing the activities of organized trafficking gangs - decisive treatment of smugglers by the judiciary and security authorities - reducing economic problems and eliminating poverty and unemployment of border residents); Factors affecting the ability of border guards to combat trafficking. The results indicate that (respectively) external factors, internal factors and then individual factors are effective in empowering border guards to combat goods smuggling.

Countering drug trafficking at sea, as one of the international organized crimes, requires access to information, which is now referred to as intelligence dominance. The present study was conducted to identify the priorities and intelligence challenges of I. R. I. Police in combating drug trafficking at sea. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is descriptive-survey and exploratory. A semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative phase was 30 individuals, of which 28 individuals were selected according to Morgan Table, but due to the limited statistical size and taking into account the research considerations, they were selected as a whole; and in the qualitative phase 15 individuals collaborated as research participants until they reached theoretical saturation. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts using face validity method and its reliability has been measured by reviewing the indicators and components extracted from the open data by experts. After implementing the interview text and analyzing them, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were extracted according to the SWOT matrix. SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results show that the first priority is manpower and organizational structure, and the second priority is to pay attention to environmental opportunities, including the intellectual support of the Supreme Leader and the existence of advanced technologies in other security institutions and ... should be considered. In the first group, the challenges were identified as the lack of organizational structure appropriate to the organization's naval missions, and in the second group, cultural weakness and the general tendency of society to abuse drugs were identified.

Iranian borders in the Persian Gulf need to develop a model that combines several key variables, such as borders, trafficking and tourism. The main purpose of this article is Organizing Iranian Border Area in the Persian Gulf in terms of trafficking and tourism to provide a model for the endogenous development of the economy of the south of the country.tThe main question of the paper is that What role will the organization of Iranian border space in the Persian Gulf play in promoting the endogenous development of the country's southern economy, with an emphasis on combating smuggling and tourism management? The hypothesis that we are trying to answer this basic question is that trafficking smuggling with bordered and this principle also exists on the Iranian borders in the Persian Gulf and organizing this requires sustainable revenue generation across borders, one of which is to pay attention to tourism management. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analyticalIt attempts to describe, analyze, and ultimately explain the subject by using library resources and scientific and research articles and statistics and information available in the field of trafficking in goods and tourism. The results of the paper show that widespread and high volume trafficking along with poor and poor tourism development in the study area has become an economic and cultural-social habit that has little to do with the economic potential of the region.

Due to the shortage of surface water resources, the disproportionate distribution of these resources in the country, and at the risks facing the country's high-quality soils, such as soil erosion and soil smuggling, this study seeks to find answers to the questions ‘what has caused the controversy and competition over the water and soil in Iran?’ and ‘what are the consequences of this conflict?’. According to the results of this study, regardless of the components of shortage and need, which are the main causes of competition and conflict over water resources inside Iran, there are other factors at work. They include mismanagement, inefficiency of consumption patterns and quantitative development plans made abruptly and without any proper study in the form of plans for water transfer from the upstream provinces to lowerer provinces. Soil resources are threatened and destroyed along with water resources. In addition to the erosion of millions of tons of soil per year, agricultural soils in hundreds of places in the country are exposed to contaminants such as agricultural pesticides, toxic metals and sewage. Another problem threatening the security of Iran’s agriculture is the smuggling of high-quality soil to the Gulf states, which continues to be due to the lack of attention of the authorities and the lack of strong control and effective organizations to combat it.

America tried to use the event of September 11 as a mean to achieve its purposes in the global level. Purposes like defense from America against terrorist measures with slogan of fighting against terrorism, completing the siege ring of energy heartland and stabilize the America hegemony on the global society (safavi and sakiani,2010, 2). so, after the September 11,2001, based on its new strategy, it divide the world into two the friend and enemy block thereby take steps towards establish and founding its country hegemony. Despite of this problems, geopolitical specialties of Afghanistan such as vicinity to Russia and china, vicinity to middle east, expansion of nato to the east, having neighborhood with Iran and center of energy heartland, vicinity to central Asia and Caucasus ,proximity to endian ocean, Hormuz strait and Persian gulf are some cases that made the nato and west especially America to place themselves in Afghanistan and around of Iran borders addition to fighting against terrorism as short term purpose, provide the establishment of its hegemony as a long term purpose. America and nato attack Afghanistan in October ,2001, and after ten years ,Barack Obama expressed that America forces is going to go out Afghanistan. Meanwhile, the state feature in Afghanistan is continuous fails and Taliban are still acting in this country and their terrorist actions are interrupting security of Afghanistan. Afghanistan likewise is suffering from lack of security, economic and political non-development, lack of social security, terrorism and production and trafficking of drugs, and as a result, neighbor countries especially Islamic republic of Iran has been damaged because of this insecurities. The research method that has been used in this research is descriptive-analytical method.