جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "منطقه 7 تهران" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

The social, economic, and spatial duality that is becoming increasingly evident is caused by a variety of factors related to the exponential growth of urbanization in Tehran. Due to the prevalence of spatial inequalities in cities and the significance of these inequalities in livability and urban development, the sustainability approach based on spatial disparities of livability has received particular attention in such places. In this case study, it is essential to address the issue of spatial duality in urban areas with the livability approach because, if the livability of District 22 of Tehran Municipality is not taken into consideration, problems including overcrowding, the departure of the local population, loss of social interactions, change of use, the increase of worn-out texture in the district, noise pollution, lack of green spaces, lack of a lack of efficient and integrated management, etc. will only get worse over time, posing a threat to the region's stability. This study aims to analyze the spatial duality of urban areas with the livability approach in the eastern and western areas of District 22 of Tehran Municipality: This is a descriptive-analytical study in methodology and applied in terms of nature. The analyzed data were obtained from a survey, using cluster sampling and the statistical sample consisted of the residents of District 22. To gain an insight into the limits and gaps, concepts, theories, and views of the subject the method of data collection primarily relies on library information. The appropriate theoretical framework for the research has been chosen based on the acquired insight, as well as the fundamental studies about the geographical features of the region and the lived experience. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The study used the TOPSIS model to analyze the data on spatial duality and heterogeneity.
 

According to the examined data on the livability of District 22 of Tehran, Hovaniroz, Kohk, and Chitgar neighborhoods were rated as the most livable, receiving a score of 0.967, while Eastern Golestan neighborhood came in second with a score of 0.914. These neighborhoods were situated in the eastern part of the District. On the other hand, Western neighborhoods of the District including Dehkadeh Shahrak Sharif, Ati, Pikan Shahr, and Azadshahr, received the lowest scores (0.417 and 0.417, respectively) and therefore the lowest ranking for livability. In terms of spatial structure, these neighborhoods are characterized by high population density, inhabited by immigrants, worn-out texture, narrow pathways, poor economic condition, and a high unemployment rate.

Comparatively speaking, the Eastern neighborhoods are generally in better condition than the Western ones. Last but not least, it is suggested to reduce the duality of the neighborhoods in District 22 of Tehran Municipality by emphasizing the approach of livability to develop Commercial, tourism, and service occupancies in all neighborhoods rather than letting one neighborhood, like Chitgar, become the area's commercial center.

Green spaces and parks have been considered not only because of their recreational importance but also because of their important role in maintaining and balancing the urban environment and air pollution control (Hosseinzadeh et al., 2017: 62). Therefore; In most countries, open and green spaces are an integral part of land use planning decisions. In the past, due to the limited size and type of function of the city, as well as the ease of access of residents to natural areas, this use was more important for certain social groups such as the wealthy class in terms of hunting and spending leisure time, building facades, creating landscapes, and the like; But today, its development has become an unavoidable biological and social necessity due to reasons such as population increase, rapid physical growth, development of industrial and production activities, increase in motor vehicles, and of course, the growth of various types of environmental pollution, and the occurrence of mental-psychological diseases. (Mohammadzadeh, 2011: 66).
As the capital of Iran, Tehran metropolis has the largest population in the country. District 10 of Tehran is one of the important and old areas of the city, which has a large population. Due to some factors, the creation and development of urban green space has always faced problems and deficiencies. Some of these factors are related to city regulations and laws and the lack of setting a standard green space per capita, which leads to the presentation of statistics from 7 square meters of green space per capita by some institutions to 50 square meters of green space per capita by others, which causes the effect of individual tastes. It is used in urban planning. Currently, the level and per capita of urban green spaces is very low compared to the international standards and the accepted standard of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, and in fact it includes the levels and per capita calculated for parks and green spaces, while excluding them the levels and per capita This use will be very low (Alavi et al., 2013: 129)

In this research, based on the descriptive-analytical method, while describing the condition of the parks in the 10th district of Tehran in terms of number and spatial distribution, their condition is also investigated based on the selected indicators. In the following, based on urban planning criteria and standards, the current situation is analyzed and evaluated both in terms of individual indicators and also in terms of the combination of indicators. Based on this, the method of this research is based on the description and analysis of the current state of the parks by collecting data and appropriate descriptive indicators.
The method of data analysis was carried out according to research hypotheses as follows:  1) The first hypothesis: In this hypothesis, judging and testing was done qualitatively-descriptively and based on logical reasoning. In this way, in order to measure and evaluate the appropriateness of the number and spatial distribution of parks to provide optimal access; According to the operational definition, the status of the existing parks in the 10th district of Tehran was investigated based on the indicators of radius of performance, per capita standard and area of green space use, population covered and access, then based on the difference between the existing status in each index and the desired status, about The appropriateness of the number and spatial distribution of parks was judged in order to provide optimal access. To investigate the condition of the parks in terms of the mentioned indicators, the method based on GIS and the functions available in it was used, which includes: accessibility, performance radius, and overlap of information and neighboring uses.
Based on this, the qualitative analysis and judgment is based on the spatial coverage of the existing parks. Thus, if the number and spatial distribution of existing parks is such that all residential areas are located at a suitable distance from them, the research hypothesis will be rejected and otherwise it will be confirmed. That is, when parts of residential areas and the households living in them are located at unfavorable distances from the neighborhood park. This means that adequate spatial coverage is not provided by the existing neighborhood parks (due to the lack of number or their inappropriate spatial distribution).
2) The second hypothesis: in this hypothesis, the method of analysis and test of the hypothesis will be qualitative-descriptive and based on logical reasoning. Thus, after determining the spatial-spatial suitability of the parks in the 10th district of Tehran (according to the method mentioned in the operational definition), more than half of the stations, according to the composite index obtained from the Weighted Overlay function in GIS, are located in very suitable areas. get, the second hypothesis is rejected. But if at least half of the parks have an unfavorable spatial-spatial fit, the research hypothesis will be confirmed.

Table 1 shows the green space per capita in ten districts of Tehran in ten districts of the region. The information about the area of the parks and the population of each neighborhood was obtained from the 10th district municipality of Tehran. Thus, green space per capita in Briyank neighborhood is equal to 3.09, in Haft Chenar neighborhood 2.6, in Soleimani neighborhood 0.41, in Ji neighborhood 0.26 in one region. In these neighborhoods, Haft Chenar and Briyank neighborhoods have a relatively favorable situation, and Ji and Soleimani neighborhoods have an unfavorable situation. that Briyank neighborhood has a better situation and Jay neighborhood has a worse situation than other neighborhoods of the first district. Per capita green space in Imam Khomeini (RA) and Mortazavi neighborhoods is in a very unfavorable situation and Hashemi neighborhood is in an unfavorable situation. Per capita green space in the neighborhoods of 3 districts It is Rah. Salisbil neighborhood is equal to 0.07, Karun is 0.61, Zanjan is equal to 0.35 square meters. Zanjan and Karun neighborhoods are in an unfavorable situation, and Selesbil neighborhood is in a very unfavorable situation. Among the ten neighborhoods, Briyank neighborhood in District 1 has a better situation and Mortazavi neighborhood in District 2 has a worse situation than other neighborhoods in the region.

In this research, neighborhood parks in region 10 were examined and evaluated. The lack of sufficient understanding of the spatial-spatial distribution of neighborhood parks and the quality of access of the citizens of this city to the mentioned use caused this issue to be considered and chosen by the researcher. Tehran has taken place. In this research, the main focus is on neighborhood parks that have the following characteristics: their area is twice the size of a neighborhood park (that is, one hectare) and it is also possible for a 9-year-old child to reach it on foot, and the child during The route should pass through Kendro streets and the local access network. Its compatibility is more with educational use and residential areas.
According to the obtained results, the studied area is in an unfavorable condition in terms of spatial distribution. This situation is observed more in the northern, central and western parts of the region. The southern part of the region is in a favorable condition due to the location of two regional parks. But in the north-west and center of the region, due to the lack of green space and the relatively large amount of this region, it is in an unfavorable condition. The studied region has an extremely dense texture, so one of the priorities of the region is due to the lack of green space per capita. And the existence of the worn and dense texture of the area, the implementation of various plans and programs for the development of green space should be.

Urban decay can be considered a type of urban disease affecting various dimensions. This study aimed to examine the physical factors influencing the decay of urban fabric in the neighborhoods of Haft Chenar and Bryanak in District 10 of Tehran Municipality. 

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2024 in the Haft Chenar and Bryanak neighborhoods of District 10, Tehran Municipality. Through a review of theoretical foundations and field studies, criteria and indicators related to urban fabric decay were identified, and a 20-question questionnaire was developed. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, 35 pilot questionnaires were distributed, and the data obtained were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was then distributed among 25 experts and specialists in related fields, and the weighting process for the indicators was performed using the AHP method. To prioritize neighborhoods, questionnaires were randomly distributed among residents of the neighborhoods (n=378). The data were analyzed using the TOPSIS method. 

The results indicated that the "quality of construction" index, with a weight of 0.286, was identified as the most significant factor. Following this, the "road network" index (0.194) and "population density" (0.172) ranked second and third, respectively. The "lighting" (0.165) and "urban environment" (0.183) indices were of comparatively lesser importance. This prioritization formed the basis for subsequent TOPSIS analyses. The results revealed that neighborhoods Haft Chenar 1 and Bryanak 1 ranked first due to better performance in the "quality of construction" and "road network" indices. In contrast, Haft Chenar 4 and Bryanak 4 ranked lowest due to weaknesses in the "lighting" and "urban environment" indices. 

Improving the quality of construction and road networks can significantly reduce physical decay. The findings of this study highlight the necessity of enhancing physical and environmental infrastructure in underserved neighborhoods.

The growing population in the urban geographical zoning of developing countries, along with the inefficiency of social and economic programs, and especially social justice, has consequences that increase crime and delinquency is one of the most important. In such a way that the "conditions of the place" are very important in the presence or absence, spread or non-spread of the crime. For this reason, trying to develop sustainable urban security by identifying effective factors in crime prevention and ways to promote it has become one of the challenges for planners, officials and researchers in related fields. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the development of sustainable security through the crime prevention model in District 17 of Tehran. Accordingly, the research method is descriptive, analytical and exploratory. 48 sub-variables of socio-cultural, economic, environmental and institutional factors extracted from in-depth semi-structural interviews (grounded theory) with 25 experts in the fields of judiciary, law enforcement, sociology and urban planning and integration with existing literature based on opinions Experts were identified and these factors were weighed through a fuzzy structural equation model (Mick McFuzzy Linguistic) in the framework of an Excel questionnaire and a survey of 50 experts, and then the findings were analyzed. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed based on the opinion of experts and referring to the research literature. According to the research findings, 10 sub-variables of unemployment, socio-economic development, poverty and inequality, addiction, life satisfaction, social education, family cohesion, social participation, road network and access and light and light pollution as key factors in prevention Were selected from the crime. The results indicate the undeniable effects of social and economic anomalies in crime prevention in the region, and policymakers should develop crime prevention interventions with regard to such results.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the indicators of desirability in public spaces around of Abdolazim Hassani shrine in District 20 of Tehran Municipality. The data was obtained by a questionnaire‎. Sample people including 75 business men who have occuppied in the study area for at least 20 years, were selected among the total 1200 people as the responders. They should have evaluated 25 indicators of the space desirability which are classified into physical-environmental, social–cultural, and economic dimensions in accordance to the Likert ranges. One Sample t-Test in SPSS software and Kriging tools in GIS were used to analyze the data. Combining subjective and spatial analysis is the novelty of this research. Findings indicate an average level of desirability. Although some indicators of the socio-cultural dimension, such as social security, are very low, in this dimension, the desirability of the space is in higher level. The measures taken have mostly targeted physical dimension of the space. However, very few actions, and ignoring the cultural heritage and neglecting the need to connect with the past and the identity of the place, have caused these measures, even in the dimension, do not provide a satisfactory level of desirability. In order to promote the desirability of the studied spaces, participation of policy makers, planners and urban management on the one hand, and the managers of the shrine, the Vaqf organization, and the stakeholders (local merchants) on the other hand are essential.

Background and goal: 

Optimizing and reducing energy consumption is a noble goal in the direction of reducing environmental risks and sustainable urban development. Therefore, in this research, the role of urban regeneration in reducing energy consumption in the residential use of District 10 of Tehran Municipality has been discussed.

The present research is developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. This research consists of a compilation of learning algorithms that has been implemented in a quantitative way. The statistical population is all residential buildings in District 10 of Tehran Municipality. The evaluation indicators include the amount of water, electricity and gas consumption of households in addition to 35 other indicators which are placed in four economic, social, cultural and physical dimensions. To analyze the data, Gaussian process with random forest kernel and multi-layer Presteron method have been used. Also, Arc GIS software has been used for spatial analysis of building units and Excel software for calculations and data classification.

The findings indicate that according to the correlation coefficient of 0.42 and the root mean square error of 0.24, the average absolute error of 0.19, the test section for the water output parameter has the best performance in the Gaussian process model and In the electricity parameter test section, the correlation coefficient is 0.99, the root mean square error is 0.001, and the average absolute error is 0.001 in the above model, it has the best performance among the modeling, and also in the gas consumption test section, the correlation coefficient is 0.47 , root mean square error of 0.39 and absolute error of 0.33 among the models, the above model has the best performance. The results of this research showed that the values of this percentage index are acceptable for determining the best model due to the higher correlation coefficient and the root mean square error and the lower mean absolute error for the sensitivity analysis of independent parameters.

As cultural, economic and social centers, cities play a significant role in attracting tourists. With the increasing need for sustainable development, paying attention to ecological aspects in the development of urban tourism is proposed as a vital and necessary approach. Sustainable urban tourism with an emphasis on ecological power not only attracts tourists, but also protects the environment and the ecological balance of cities. Therefore, in the current research, an effort was made to look from the inside out and with new strategic thinking, while identifying internal resources and capabilities, macro environmental factors and positive points, in addition to searching for the functions, to provide positive solutions to city managers and officials. In relation to the realization of sustainable urban tourism development in District 22 in Tehran. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, and questionnaire is a means of collecting information. Meta-SWOT model, PESTEL analysis, GIS-10.8 and Global Maper.25 have been used for data analysis. The results showed that among the internal resources and capabilities of sustainable urban tourism development in region 22, with emphasis on its ecological power, they have different weights, so that factors such as the presence of natural lands in the north, west and east of the region and the possibility to Ecological coherence (1/70), the existence of Martyrs' Lake in the Persian Gulf (1/68), the existence of Chitgar forest park in the region, the existence of extensive military lands as a potential for the development of the base environment, and the existence of recreational and public tourism places in the region jointly with The score (1.38) has the highest weight, which indicates that it is valuable, inimitable and organizational appropriateness compared to other factors in the development of sustainable urban tourism in region 22, and should be at the top of the executive actions of managers and officials in order to realize it.

The aim of the current research is to identify the factors affecting the future livability of the 6th district of Tehran metropolis and then analyze these factors to present different scenarios in the horizon of 1420. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population, the statistics and information related to the year 2015 of the study area, which was obtained from the Iranian Statistics Center and the Delphi method, are municipal experts, specialists and urban elites.To collect the required data, library and field methods have been used, and to analyze the data, various future research techniques, mutual effects analysis (structural analysis) and scenario writing have been used. In this regard, future research software such as Micmac has been used. In the first round, 60 factors, in the second round, 33 factors, and in the third round, 33 factors were analyzed as effective factors without change. Experts have identified 24 key factors and 9 effective drivers. the livability of area 6 is unfavorable in different dimensions and finally four different scenarios were analyzed. Among the 33 factors, 3 main factors were selected as the key factors affecting the future of livability, which have the least influence. These variables include employment, population density, reduction of commercial-administrative per capita, extra-regional role, reduction of residential per capita, presence of higher education users, extra-regional therapeutic uses and immigration

Today, biophilic design has become popular among urban planners to preserve nature and natural elements in urban spaces. This concept is basically a biologically diverse city full of green spaces where citizens can see a very diverse plant life in the normal flow of work and leisure. The statistical population of the present study is made up of the citizens of the first district of Tehran, and the sample size of 384 people was calculated using Cochran's formula and using the purposeful sampling method. The purpose of this research is to measure the physical resilience of inner-city areas against environmental hazards with the approach of biophilic city in the first district of Tehran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library and field studies. The validity of the questionnaires has also been confirmed by experts in the field of urban planning. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires, which is equal to 0.841 in this research. The information obtained from the field studies has been analyzed using Spss. The results of the research showed that among the indices of physical resilience, the index of environmental sustainability and among the indices of the biophilic city, the index of institutions and government have high importance and coefficient; Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these indicators by considering their importance for the realization and promotion of physical resilience in the direction of biophilic urban development.

District 20 of Tehran Municipality is characterized as a less developed region attributable to factors such as insufficient smart infrastructure and the absence of a coherent vision for smart city infrastructure advancement. The primary objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive management framework for spatial data infrastructure integrated with a smart city approach within District 20 of Tehran.

This investigation, carried out between 2023 and 2024, was divided into qualitative and quantitative phases, with a particular focus on District 20 in Tehran. The study's sample size comprised 16 experts, and data collection methods encompassed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. During the qualitative phase, the components essential for managing spatial data infrastructure in the context of a smart city were identified through an extensive review of existing literature. Subsequently, following adjustments based on expert feedback, a total of 12 components were validated. In the quantitative phase, structural equation modeling was employed to delineate the network of relationships and interactions, culminating in the presentation of the final model.

The formulation of policies for spatial data infrastructure was recognized as the most influential component at the highest echelon. Factors such as the utilization extent of spatial data, the quantity of electronic service centers, data update frequencies, cooperation and synchronization among the authorities of Rey Governorate, Rey Municipality, and Tehran Municipality in the realms of spatial data production, standardization, and distribution, along with the element of collaboration and synchronization with other entities categorized as data users, were positioned as influential components at the lowest tier.

The policies and criteria established within the domain of spatial data infrastructure possess the most significant influence on other elements.

The rapid growth of Tehran's population and the increasing need for land to respond to the needs of a residence, activity, urban services, etc., caused cities caused the city to move forward in its surrounding lands and changed land uses significantly and quickly. This paper aimed to investigate these changes and their futures in district 22 of Tehran Municipality. It has a descriptive-analytical method and the data is obtained from documentary and library sources. The process of changes and the existing situation were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. To identify the drivers of future changes, a structural-interpretive model has been implemented using Mic-Mac software. For this purpose, all the land uses and activities (64 land uses and activities) were extracted and listed. Then, by implementing the Delphi method with the participation of 8 experts, 25 possible land uses were determined. After completing the matrix, the nearest rounded figures to the average numbers which were inserted by the experts, are the basis of the analysis. Finding showed that before the formation of the district, in 1972, the urban fringe of the district, large-scale urban land uses such as sports, research-educational, recreational and military land use, as well as urban and residential complexes, established in agricultural and vacant lands.  Then, constructed settlements, parks, and green spaces as well as recreational, military, research-educational lands and roads, were established here. The analysis of drivers also showed that in the future, out of a total of 25 possible land uses, forestry, eco- tourism, constructiing villas and secon homes, parks, malls, military spaces, stadiums and sports places, and roads and transportation terminals cause to main changes on the structural-physical of the studied fringe.

The pervasiveness of the concept of vulnerability in various dimensions has led to the emergence of the theory of vulnerability in the spatial sciences. According to the theory of vulnerability, in any given space, there is a coefficient of vulnerability, while the levels and amplitude of safety are not evenly distributed on the surface of that space. Residential use is one of the most important and main uses in the urban land use system, and safety management and attention to its defense requirements are very important due to the high population density in large cities. The present study is in the field of assessing the vulnerability of residential uses against external threats with a passive urban defense approach in District 10 of Tehran, which was conducted in the form of spatial studies and by implementing an analytical model in three steps. First, the principles and requirements of passive defense were identified and classified into three groups of structural, demographic and spatial parameters, and using the questionnaire and expert survey tools, the priorities of passive defense principles in relation to residential spaces were determined. Then, based on the network analysis process, the weight of each criterion was determined and the weight of the ANP model was applied to the spatial layers of the region in ArcGIS software. The results of the model showed that in terms of structural indicators, more than 78% of residential units in the region are in the group of structures with high vulnerability and in terms of demographic indicators, in 88% of residential units in case of external threats, the level of vulnerability is high. In terms of spatial indicators, more than 92% of residential spaces are adjacent to several incompatible uses and have the highest vulnerability. In general, the results of overlapping layers showed that more than 86% of residential units in the area are located in vulnerable zones and the vulnerability of residential units in these zones is very high.

Nowadays, cities engage in a competition to showcase their innovative approaches within financial frameworks. The objective of this research endeavor was to employ the technique of structural equation modeling to validate a conceptual framework pertaining to social participation in the establishment of creative districts within urban settings.

The methodology employed for this study involved conducting applied research within District 11 of the Tehran Municipality during the year 2023. The selection of the statistical population was based on the most recent population and housing census, resulting in a total of 308,176 individuals. By utilizing the Cochran formula, a sample size of 383.6 individuals was determined. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires, a total of 374 questionnaires from native residents of District 11 in Tehran were analyzed. Each neighborhood within District 11 made a contribution of 22 questionnaires. Spatial cluster sampling was implemented as the selected method of sampling. The collected data were subsequently subjected to structural equation modeling in order to ascertain the underlying causal relationships between the variables.

The results indicated a significant positive impact of involvement on social participation, as demonstrated by a path coefficient of 0.701. Moreover, several factors including the sustainability, depth, rate, and diversity of participation also displayed favorable and substantial effects on social participation, with corresponding path coefficients of 0.682, 0.226, 0.882, and 0.429. The increased level of social participation within the urban creative district played a pivotal role in promoting innovation, citizen engagement, quality of life, and the human capital of its residents.

In relation to the variables pertaining to social participation, it was observed that the variables associated with participation's influence exerted a more substantial impact, while the aspect of participation sustainability displayed a relatively weaker effect on social participation within the context of urban creative districts. Moreover, sub-indicators such as the failure to identify and attract talented individuals, the lack of cooperation and participation from diverse segments of society, contribute to the untapped potential and impede the growth of the urban creative district.

Housing is a fundamental component in fulfilling the biological, economic, and social requirements of every household. The rapid urbanization, burgeoning urban populations, rural-to-urban migration, degradation and demolition of aging structures, diminishing household sizes, and housing supply challenges are prevalent issues in many cities, particularly in developing nations, such as Iran and India. This study focused on the housing exchange values in the 10th district of Tehran. The research was purpose-driven and employed a descriptive-analytical approach with a quantitative methodology. Regression and Moran methods were utilized for the investigation with housing prices for villas and apartments as dependent variables and 14 indicators as independent research variables. Spatial analysis was conducted using ArcGIS software. The results of the multivariate regression analysis indicated that household income had a direct impact of 17% among economic factors, while density had a direct effect of 77% among social factors. Additionally, structure age and type accounted for 63% and 31% of the most significant negative impact on housing price fluctuations in the 10th district of Tehran, respectively. Access to medical facilities had the most adverse effect on housing prices in the southern part of District 10, whereas access to commercial centers had the most substantial direct impact on housing exchange values in the district. Consequently, the highest concentration of hot spots indicating the highest housing exchange was observed in the northern and central parts of the 10th district of Tehran.

In recent years, the housing sector of Iran as a developing country has experienced significant fluctuations, resulting in widespread adverse effects on households, other economic sectors, and even the banking system. Consequently, the impact of monetary policy on the performance of housing market has become a primary concern for policymakers, necessitating appropriate responses from monetary and financial authorities due to the sector's pivotal role in the country. Housing and its market have been the subject of extensive urban studies, particularly in urban economics, over the past 4 decades. The municipality of District 10 of Tehran has undergone rapid physical and economic expansion in the last two decades accompanied by increased investment in construction. Urban management initiatives have further exacerbated this situation, leading to unbalanced spatial developments at the regional level. Weaknesses in the housing sector within the municipality of the 10th district of Tehran include the housing supply-demand gap, particularly among low-income groups, a high number of households requiring assistance, a low proportion of durable residential units, a high prevalence of non-professional constructions, and the greater profitability of land transactions compared to housing construction. Additionally, there has been a surge in trading activities, a disproportionate increase in land prices compared to construction, and an intensified expansion in recent years. Therefore, this research conducted a spatial analysis of urban housing exchange values over a 1-year period (2022). By examining the spatial analysis of housing prices and exchange values, variations in income, culture, urban infrastructures, and perceived social and environmental comfort across different areas and localities could be observed. Consequently, the findings of this study could offer valuable insights for urban planners, managers, and housing investors. 

This study was applied in its purpose and employed a descriptive-analytical method using a quantitative approach. Multivariable regression analysis was utilized to explore the relationship between factors influencing the exchange value of housing from both consumer and producer perspectives, identifying key determinants affecting housing prices. The research findings were presented through descriptive tables, explanatory tables, and numerous maps created by the researcher. The results highlighted the components and factors with the greatest and least impact on the land and housing market in the neighborhoods of District 10 of Tehran. The study drew on documentary sources, statistical data, censuses, official information from relevant organizations, internal and external information databases, as well as comprehensive and detailed urban development maps and plans to collect theoretical foundations and extract data. Given the significance of direct observation in geographical research, the researchers’ observational method and familiarity with the study area served as the primary research tools supplemented by a researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire primarily focused on gathering land and housing prices from real estate consultants for 2022. The research methodology integrated both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The theoretical framework was developed based on the subject under study and the study employed statistical description and analysis, image processing, and analysis using spatial databases and geographic information systems. Additionally, Excel, SPSS, and ArcGIS software were utilized for data preparation and processing. 

One of the most notable and distinctive aspects of this study in comparison to others was the spatial analysis of housing prices in District 10. This involved the integration of geographic information system software and quantitative models, such as hot and cold spot models, Moran, Vansim, and vector map conversion to raster. These were recalculated at the level of study units (statistical blocks of the 10th district of Tehran) revealing the spatial analysis of independent (economic, social, and physical) variables. Despite the highest density of apartment buildings being in the neighborhoods of Hashemi, South Karun, South Salisbil, and North Salisbil in Tehran's 10th district, it appeared that the value of multi-story buildings in the neighborhood of South Zanjan was more influenced by land prices, household income, and employment rates. Three spatial autocorrelation patterns (clustered, scattered, and random) were observed with Moran's coefficient indicating a clustered pattern in relation to the price of villa buildings at the level of North Salisbil, South Karun, and South Karun localities. The economic factors influencing housing prices in 2022 at the level of residential blocks in Tehran's 10th district included land prices, household income, mortgages, and rents. The regression analysis conducted in Excel software revealed a 0.64% correlation between economic indicators and housing prices. The highest correlation between socio-cultural indicators and housing prices in the southern areas of Tehran's 10th district was observed in Imam Khomeini, Hashemi, Karoun, and Kimel streets, the beginning of Nematullah Shah Parori Street, and the end of Malik Ashtar Street. According to Moran's spatial autocorrelation model, the coefficient for the correlation of the indicators of access to uses and services and housing prices was 0.050658%. The highest correlation to all factors was observed in District 10 (north of the region) corresponding to Karun and North Salisbil localities. Access to urban services, military uses, and facilities like airport had led to a significant decrease in prices, while access to commercial, medical, and educational centers had a positive effect on increasing housing prices. 

Housing stands as a fundamental necessity within any society and fluctuations within this sector exert a profound impact on the broader economy. Therefore, precise forecasting of housing prices holds significant importance for homeowners, investors, and other stakeholders in the housing sector. The presence of a reliable method for predicting housing prices can enhance efficiency of the housing market. The surge in urban population over recent decades coupled with limited access to resources, services, and essential infrastructure has transformed housing into a scarce and invaluable commodity. The housing predicament is a consequence of the industrial revolution and subsequent developments leading to a detachment of its exchange value from its consumption value. Its significance has continued to escalate across diverse societies. This study leveraged spatial descriptions and analyses available in geographic information systems (ArcGIS software) complemented by statistical analyses conducted using Excel and SPSS software.

Today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, inefficiency of urban structures and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. Citizens' health is severely affected and threatened by urban programs and projects such as housing, urban renewal, and the transportation system. On the other hand, urban development programs that are implemented in the form of plans are one of the most important tools of planners in order to intervene in the affairs of the city, and paying attention to them can be appropriate in increasing the health of citizens. Different methods are used to evaluate the designs. The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method, by identifying the relationship between urban planning factors and health, measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens' health. The purpose of this study is to identify health in general in urban planning and in particular to evaluate the detailed plan of the ten districts of Tehran with the method of assessing health effects. Regarding the method of conducting this research, which is of an applied type, the research evaluation variables were extracted and then its detailed design was evaluated with the method of health impact assessment. There was. Findings showed that eight criteria in the four components of transportation and sustainable access, sustainable economy and social inclusion have the greatest impact on health. Finally, by evaluating the detailed plan of region ten by mixed research method, it was found that the criteria of quality of living environment (with a score of 0.271), access to public services (0.165) and optimality of housing size (0.143) have the most negative impact on health of citizens in this region. And in order to improve the health status of the citizens of ten district of Tehran, it is necessary to pay more basic attention to the issues of quality of housing environment, access to public services and optimization of housing size in the detailed plan of this district.

Today, the growth of urbanization rates in the world has not only caused issues such as environmental degradation, tissue inefficiency and traffic problems, but also has had a negative impact on the health of urban residents. In fact, the city as a whole and its social and political issues have shown their connection with the components of the city, i.e. its inhabitants and in this regard, new responsibilities of city planners have been revealed, which should pay attention to all the needs of city residents, including their physical and mental health. On the other hand, urban development programs are one of the main tools of urban planners for the development of human societies. Through the development programs that are applied to the whole city, the effects on the citizens will be put, which can endanger the health of the citizens. Assessment of which can determine their effects in different ways. 

The Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method measures the impact of an urban plan on citizens' health by identifying the relationship between urban planning and health factors. In this study, considering the problems of Tehran's District 10, such as tissue inefficiency and environmental and traffic problems, its detailed design was assessed using the health impact assessment method. In this applied research, after identifying the necessity of the problem, the research literature was compiled based on the method of assessing health effects. Then the proposed criteria and indicators were evaluated. In order to collect research information and data, the method of library / documentary studies (secondary data) and semi-structured interviews have been used. Therefore, health effects were assessed for Detailed plan region 10 of Tehran. Techniques used in the health impact assessment process include steps: screening, delineation, impact assessment, review, and transcendental. In the screening and delineation phase using selected indicators as well as available reports and documents, in addition to a thorough knowledge of the study area, the need and obligation to use a health impact assessment method in research is revealed. In the impact assessment phase, in order to assess the situation in region 10, after determining the indicators affecting health, each of the indicators of the study area is statistically and spatially analyzed and a comprehensive database of indicators is prepared. In order to analyze the information, according to the objectives and nature of the research, in which the application of spatial analysis is also obvious, and determining the weight of the importance of the indicators relative to each other and their combined evaluation, form the indicators. Finally, the effects of the formed process are reviewed for general analysis. 

In order to evaluate the program or in other words, the level of response of the detailed plan to the issue of health, the evaluation checklist was compiled in two parts of the theoretical and executive evaluation of the program. The response rate of each item to the selected criteria and indicators scores from zero to four. Then, the score obtained in the weight and the effectiveness of each of the selected indicators and criteria, which is multiplied by the Delphi method from urban planning experts as well as health department experts in expert choice software, will be the final score of each component in the selected criterion. As mentioned in the introduction of the detailed plan of the region, the plan has proposed a set of goals, strategies and executive strategies that can be assessed to assess the health effects of the program due to or not paying attention to the selected criteria in the stage. Before extracting was paid. According to the table provided, the final score of the strategies in the detailed plan of Region 10 is equal to 0.532 in the component of housing and living environment, which has the greatest impact. Examining the consequences of health determinants in the region shows that the most criterion (urban planning factors) affecting the health of residents in the region is the quality of the living environment. This is also confirmed by the evidence in District Ten, as District Ten is one of the most inefficient areas of the urban fabric and there are many polluting workshops and uses in this area; Therefore, according to the results of the present study and the evaluation of the health effects of the detailed plan of District 10, the most important criterion that affects the health of citizens can be considered the quality of the living environment. After that, equitable access to public services in the region, which in itself is a result of improper urban planning, has been the second most effective criterion. Optimal housing size, access to public transportation, quality housing, and participation are other criteria for urban planning that affect the health of residents in the detailed plan of District Ten, respectively. In the research method, it was stated that the closer the final score number is to +1 and -1, the stronger the relationship is. Therefore, it is now possible to answer research questions in a way that generally affects citizens' health planning. Also, in the present study in the region, ten criteria of residential quality (with a score of 0.271), access to public services (0.165) and housing size optimality (0.143) have the most negative impact on the health of citizens in this region and it is necessary to improve the health of citizens. This area of Tehran should pay more attention to the issues of quality of housing, access to public services and the optimality of housing size in the detailed plan of this area.

The increase in urban population in the world has had many consequences in various dimensions on the lives of city dwellers. In fact, in addition to the challenges of self-planning, such as housing and economic problems of cities and citizens, there is a more basic challenge, namely the physical and mental health of citizens. The health impact assessment method, by its own criteria, measures the effect of each of the urban planning factors on the health of the city and citizens and shows in an urban development plan and plan, such as a detailed plan, making suggestions in which areas can increase citizens' health. This study found that there is a significant relationship between urban planning and its tools such as development plans and citizens' health, which is very understandable in the detailed plan of the ten districts of Tehran due to environmental pollution. In this study, after studying the theoretical foundations of the health impact assessment method, the relevant criteria were extracted. The criteria were classified into four components of sustainable economy, social inclusion, transportation and sustainable access, as well as housing and habitable environment. Then, by identifying area ten and its detailed plan, the criteria of the health impact assessment method in area ten were assessed. Findings from the study show that the most important and most important determinant of health in District 10 is the quality of the living environment. In other words, improving the quality of housing in the region has a significant impact on the health of the region. Although this issue has been seen in the objectives of the plan, but the results of this study show that attention to the issue of quality of living environment from the perspective of health impact assessment still need to be considered in detailed plans. Also, other determinants of health based on the results of the research can be considered as the optimal size of housing, access to public transportation, quality housing and participation, which should be given more attention. Compared to other researches, the present study considered that according to the planning criteria, it can affect the health of citizens and, like other limited researches in this field, the health of citizens can be evaluated in an urban development plan.

Evaluation and quantification of the quality of urban life is one of the important and key prerequisites in urban planning and development. The purpose of this study is to provide a strategy based on a multi-criteria decision-making system to evaluate the quality of urban life. For this purpose, 8 environmental criteria and 6 infrastructure criteria were used. The weight of the effective criteria was calculated based on the opinion of experts using the BWM. Then, the OWA method was exerted to produce urban life quality maps in different mental scenarios. Finally, the spatial distribution of the population in different classes of quality of urban life was evaluated. Among the infrastructural and environmental criteria, population density and air pollution had the most significant impact on the quality of urban life. The quality of urban life maps in different scenarios showed that with the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the classes with high and very high quality of urban life increases, and with the decrease of the degree of optimism, the area of the classes with high and very high quality of urban life decreases. The results of this study showed that a high percentage of the population in the urban environment lives in conditions of low quality of urban life, which indicates the necessity of evaluating the current state of the quality of urban life and planning to improve the existing state.

The growth of cities since the beginning of the 20th century, the exponential increase of the urban population, the inappropriate and disorganized physical growth, and the quantitative approach to urban planning and neighborhoods have changed the culture of neighborhoods, inter-neighborhood migrations, and dissatisfaction with the quality of urban environments, which has been accompanied by the loss of identity and sense of belonging among residents. Therefore, to deal with such a trend, an approach called the quality of urban life has been proposed to create a desirable urban life. This approach is based on the belief that urban places, as part of human identity, also form an emotional bond between people and their surroundings. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of urban life can create a sense of belonging and identity in citizens towards the urban environment. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the quality of urban life in District 2 of Tehran by insisting on risk in decision-making. To achieve this goal, a risk-based expert system based on a geographic information system will be used. This system's ability is flexible in creating a wide range of scenarios (very optimistic to very pessimistic).

The spatial data in this study includes satellite-based data, location-based field data, and spatial layers collected from related organizations. The research method in this study includes five steps. In the first stage, using past studies and experts' opinions, effective criteria for the quality of urban life were identified, and a spatial database of these data was created. In the second stage, due to the different sources of the collected data, the pre-processing operation was done on the data first. Then, according to the type of criterion, a map of the criteria was prepared using spatial analysis in GIS. Normalization of the criteria map, calculation of weight, and importance of criteria and sequential weights were done in the third stage. In the fourth step, using the ordered weighted averaging method, quality of urban life maps was prepared in different decision-making scenarios for environmental and infrastructure dimensions. Also, at this stage, the final quality of urban life maps was prepared by combining the two considered dimensions. Finally, in the fifth stage, an assessment of population distribution in urban quality of life classes was done.

In this study, in the environmental dimension, air pollution, discomfort index, and vegetation cover criteria had the highest weight, and elevation, distance from stream network, and distance from fault had the lowest weight. Also, in terms of infrastructure, population density and distance from the road network have the most weight, and the criteria of distance from industrial areas and medical centers have the least weight. The visual evaluation of the quality of urban life maps in the environmental dimension shows that the eastern and central half of the studied area has a better quality of urban life than other regions. This is due to the adjustment of the urban microclimate in accordance with the increase of vegetation, reduction of air pollution, and improvement of the condition of discomfort index towards the eastern and central parts, directly affecting other environmental indicators. Regarding infrastructural criteria, the areas located north of the study area have the worst quality of urban life, and most areas with very low quality of urban life are located in these areas. However, the central parts of the studied region have a more favorable quality of urban life than other parts. The road network infrastructure, subway stations, medical centers, and parks are more concentrated in these areas than in others.
The combination of urban life quality maps in environmental and infrastructure dimensions showed that with the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the areas located in the high and very high quality of urban life class increases, and the area of the areas located in the low and very low quality of urban life class decreases. So, the very low, low, medium, high, and very high quality of urban life in the very pessimistic scenario was 11.84, 20.07, 11.17, 3.73, and 1.58 km2, respectively. In a very optimistic scenario, these values would reach 3.46, 6.42, 13.79, 15.78, and 8.96 km2.

From an environmental point of view, air pollution and distance from the fault criteria, respectively, have the most and the least impact on modeling the quality of urban life. Also, in terms of infrastructure, the population density criterion has the most impact, and the distance from industrial areas criterion has the least impact in modeling the quality of urban life. The central and eastern regions of the studied region have better urban life quality conditions than other regions. With the increase in the degree of optimism, the area of the areas located in the class of high and very high quality of urban life increases, and the area of the areas located in the class of low and very low quality of urban life decreases. In the very pessimistic, pessimistic, intermediate, optimistic, and very optimistic scenarios, respectively, 5.31, 7.94, 10.24, 14.66, and 24.73 square kilometers of the studied area have suitable urban life quality conditions (high and very high class). In a very pessimistic state, 650,963 and 9,162 thousand people of the study area population are located in areas with unsuitable (low and very low class) and suitable (high and very high) quality of urban life, respectively. The results of this study can be useful for managers and planners to implement plans and programs to improve the quality of urban life.

Urban spaces are parts of the urban fabric that the general public has physical and visual access to, and it is considered a platform for human activities and establishing social interactions. Wide use of space for social activities shows the success of urban spaces. Patterns of space use, including patterns of pause and movement of users, are factors that determine the efficiency of these spaces. Considering the importance of this topic, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perceptual -behavioral patterns of users in the public spaces of Panj district of Tehran by using the method of space layout and depth map software was used to achieve this goal. For this purpose, a series of analyzes of the importance of structure and interconnection was carried out at the level of five regions, and the three components of connection, integrity, depth and the degree of their relationship were examined according to the scale of the area. According to the relatively checkerboard structure of the study area, the main thoroughfares, which have an arterial role, had the greatest potential in terms of the connecting quality of the spaces. The lowest amount was related to residential complexes in the west of the region. The highest degree of connection was related to the center of the region to the south of the region. The western and northern parts of the region had greater spatial depth. The topography of the northern regions has affected the form of the accesses and has caused the greater spatial depth of these regions compared to the southern regions of the region. Among the other results of this research, there is a relatively logical relationship between the two indicators of interlinking and index connection, and as a result, the degree of perception of these indicators (R2=0.16). That is, generally, with the increase of connection, the interconnection of the spaces of zone five increases. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of these two indicators in the targeted spaces of Region 5 has the greatest affinity with the analysis of the qualities affecting public spaces .

One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization and the physical development of Iranian cities in recent decades has been the disintegration of the distribution system of urban service centers. Urban parks and green spaces played a special role in creating this social inequality for citizens' access to city services. Park green spaces (PGS) are considered essential public infrastructure due to the benefits they have for urban residents. Such benefits include recreation, viewing natural landscapes, protecting the urban environment, preventing disasters, and improving the quality of life. According to the worrying consequences of the urban landscape planners regarding the imbalance in the spatial distribution of urban green spaces, it seems that the ideas and theories attributed to urban greening and universal access to desirability Green cities have the potential to act as a decisive force in the main agenda. Similar to the ideal of "public goods" and the diffuse benefits of access, green goals can serve as a means to de-emphasize asymmetric power relations and conflicts over competing resources, which risk re-creating unjust outcomes. In this article, the ASD index (Equation1) of Lee and Hong (2013) is used to measure the level of shortage or excess supply of urban park services. One of the innovative aspects of this research is the use of the distributive justice index to measure ASD, which is introduced as new ASD. With the help of this index, it is possible to find out how effective each park is based on the index received through the calculations made in the supply and demand model. In other words, this article measures the quality of locating parks in the supply and demand model with the effect of their spatial distribution justice. This causes that in addition to the longitudinal distance between parks and residential blocks, the factors affecting their public services will also be involved in the calculations to bring the findings closer to the current situation. Many studies have been conducted on the topic under discussion.

This study is an information modeling research. For that purpose, it's practical and developmental research to measure the degree of the supply shortage or demand excess for urban park facilities. In other words, the present study uses situational weight index and distributive justice for ASD. This research is mixed regarding data collection methods, relies on library methods to review resources, selects 50 points for field observations to collect location information, and extracts the required parameters to create a database based on reference land information. This research will be dependent on the modeling analysis method and using GIS analysis functions. The analysis of input data, including qualitative and quantitative information, is performed using standard coding and weighting methods. ASDi, which is the quantitative difference between supply and demand in park services per unit area ('area' hereafter), is defined as follows .This research was used by combining the positional weight index and distribution justice for ASD to explain the new ASD index(Equation2).
Equation. 

 To measure the spatial justice of an urban park, mathematical communications and formulas will be used in this study, which the authors optimize to suit the specific conditions of the parks. Indicators are:› Determining the share of each park in the population under the sphere of influence,   Measuring the efficiency of parks,  The distance of residential blocks from parks, The population of residential blocks in the sphere of influence of parks.

The findings of this study show that parks that have high park efficiency, the final branches of spatial justice of parks are also high, with the difference in areas where Metropolitan and Regional parks are adjacent to neighborhood parks. The final index of spatial justice improves and expands the parks relative to their efficiency.Based on the empirical analysis, the spatial disparities can be even greater when service availability and population demand are high. City planners should decide to build new parks by considering areas where demand is higher than the supply, not just based on whether there are many parks nearby because residents in the densely populated areas may suffer from a lack of services even though many parks are located nearby.The “new ASD” method has advantages for studying the parks of Region 1 of Tehran, which can be summarized as follows:New ASD can be interpreted intuitively because the results are measured in square meters, which should provide more parking spaces or the number of people at risk of park shortages. The per capita green space parameter allows the demand unit to be equated with supply, allowing planners to easily calculate the size of parks that should be more in priority and low supply areas.The results of the analysis can be obtained based on determining the geographical coverage of the park services. Based on the planning information drawn using legal criteria, planners can support their arguments about the location of other parks by recognizing spatial inequality.Although different social groups were not considered in the analysis, like other studies that looked at ethnic subclasses to highlight park service inequality among different ethnic groups, the methodological process of new ASD estimation can be easily extended to apply to different social groups. For example, some landscape planners In Tehran, they may be interested in studying spatial inequality, for example, people with disabilities, different age groups, or men and women separately.

Today’s urban sprawl is a more challenging issue because urban physical development planning is a basic necessity of urban development plans. This phenomenon is caused by different factors that interact, and one of the strategies of management, control, and decreasing adverse effects is identifying these influencing factors in the emergence of urban sprawl. Therefore, recognizing the effective factors in the formation and expansion of cities can be helpful in the suitable selection decisions for their future. As the country's capital in the past years, Tehran experienced physical growth. Because sprawl benefits and encroachment around land caused some crudity in the city's physical growth, understanding this city's mechanisms of physical expansion is the critical goal of this research.

This research is a descriptive analytic one. In this regard, summative data of smart growth include average floor, compression ratio, residential average occupancy level, residential net density (persons per hectare), average residential area (square meters), residential land area (thousand square meters), gross population density (persons per hectare) have been analyzed. Also, the number of residential plots in 14 neighborhoods of district 2 of Tehran municipality using ELECTRE and ENTROPY has been assessed.

The research showed the ranking of 14 neighborhoods in the 2nd district of Tehran from the view of density indicators based on the Elector model. So that the first to fourth neighborhoods, located in the northern part of the region, with a number of 10 to 12 predominance, have a better situation in terms of density indicators.

The increase in density in the 2nd district of Tehran has been associated with negative consequences instead of positive results, regardless of the network structures of roads, accesses, and development of public transportation. Although policies to increase density have been taken in recent years, the lack of establishment of appropriate structures, especially in user distribution areas and the transportation system's defects, have caused severe disturbances. So, in this situation, the intensive growth of the city can be called a weak and incomplete approach.

Urban vegetation provides valuable ecosystem services to cities and their residents. With the increasing recognition of the multifunctional benefits of these services, improving green space networks tailored to the environmental and climatic characteristics of each city is a global trend. Green roofs have also gained attention as an important element in enhancing vegetation coverage and green spaces. The implementation of green roofs in Tehran can contribute to reducing building energy consumption and mitigating hazards such as air pollution, noise pollution, and heat islands, while enhancing urban biodiversity. In a time when greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise and the impacts of climate change are affecting urban life, the application of green roofs can be a step towards increasing resilience. It is necessary to optimize and integrate green roof components within the framework of green, intelligent, and sustainable building approaches.