جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Site Selection » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The rapid increase in the population and the increase in the rate of urbanization is one of the concerns of the city authorities for the management of construction and demolition waste. These solid wastes lead to the destruction of soil, air and water bodies and pose serious risks to human health. The present study focuses on the combination of AHP model approach with GIS for the optimal location of construction and demolition waste burial site in Haftkal city (Khuzestan province). In this research, with the help of experts' opinion, 3 groups of main criteria, 12 sub-criteria and also benefiting from the hierarchical analysis of the positioning process were used. With the help of Expert Choice software, the comparison of the main criteria and sub-criteria was done, and among the three groups of main criteria, the morphological criterion with a weight of 0.443 has the most weight, and among the sub-criteria, slope (0.800), geology (0.293), distance They got the most weight from underground water wells (0.293) and distance from roads (0.411).The obtained weights were applied to each of the criterion layers in Arc GIS software with the help of the Weighted Sum command, and the final result of this research showed that 27229.79 hectares of land in Haftkal city is in a very suitable area for the construction of a construction and demolition waste burial site.

The risk of natural hazards, particularly earthquakes, is a highly significant concern in urban environments. In this research, the initial phase entails estimating the vulnerability map of the building blocks in Kermanshah metropolis, as well as determining the number of individuals at risk during an earthquake. Subsequently, the research identifies and introduces safe zones or suitable locations for accommodating the vulnerable population during such seismic events. For the first part, the vulnerability map was obtained using maps of distance from faults, the structural integrity of the buildings, the strength of the building blocks, and the size of the infrastructure. A fuzzy inference system was utilized. Thus, the high-risk blocks were determined, and their population was estimated. In the second part of the research, distance maps derived from rivers, faults, high-voltage power lines, electric substations, fuel stations, roads, hospitals, fire stations, and police stations were used. These generated maps have then undergone fuzzification, and the weight of the criteria employed has been assessed using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis process (FAHP). Subsequently, by applying the weight associated with each criterion to the corresponding map and merging the resultant maps, maps depicting the suitability for temporal settlement of the vulnerable population during an earthquake were obtained. Finally, the most optimal inner-city and outer-city sites for individuals' lodging amid an earthquake have been chosen. Moreover, certain locations inside the suggested sites and their capacity were assessed. The field research revealed that the selected sites involve the expected conditions for settlement after the earthquake.

Todays, diversity, number and type of crises are increasing. Passive defense can reduce the material and non-material costs of these threats. That is why in the security doctrine of states defensive-security considerations are among the most important factors affecting the appropriate selection of military sites. The location of military barracks is one of the highlights issues in passive defense. Considering that there are 83 military barracks in the metropolis of Tehran and more than half of them, 49 barracks, are located in Tehran; The question is,  to what extent do these military bases comply with the standards and principles of passive defense? Which area of Tehran has the optimal and appropriate place for military bases in the future? For this purpose, the fuzzy function and GIS software have been used for data analysis. Criteria and indicators of site selection include five groups: spatial-physical, demographic, geographical (climatic parameters, the geomorphologic and geologic parameters, the parameters of accessibility of man-made centers, infrastructure parameters and hydrological specifications), economic and military. Findings revealed in the territorial planning of Tehran military bases, passive defense has not been the focus of attention. In terms of soil type, land slope, distance from the river, faults, power transmission lines, and proximity to sensitive centers, these areas are vulnerable. According to the results obtained from the fuzzy function based on the gamma 9% Robat Karim (%25.34), Waramin (%13.64), and Shahriyar Counties (%8.24) had the optimal and appropriate locations for the construction of new military bases. Furthermore, Shemiranat County had the least suitable conditions (%73) for the construction of a military barracks based on a passive defense approach.

Victory in war depends as much on the defense of barracks and logistics as it does on offense and aggression. That is why in the security doctrine of states defensive-security considerations are among the most important factors affecting the appropriate selection of military sites. Paying attention to the principles of passive defense makes it possible for military bases to provide services not only in a state of peace, but also in critical situations. In Iran, despite the bitter experience of the eight-year war with Iraq and the extensive damage to the country's vital infrastructure, until 2003, not enough attention was paid to the issue of passive defense. It was from this time on that this attitude was gradually reformed. Today, the need for passive defense for military bases - because of their role in providing security - is greater than elsewhere. Considering that there are 83 military barracks in the metropolis of Tehran and more than half of them, 49 barracks, are located in Tehran; The question is,  to what extent do these military bases comply with the standards and principles of passive defense? Which area of Tehran has the optimal and appropriate place for military bases in the future? The importance of this question lies in the fact that one of the goals of states in times of war is to strike over political, economic, demographic, and logistics centers. As the capital of Iran, Tehran is one of the most important targets in any foreign military threat. Therefore, in line with the main question of the current research, it is very important to pay attention to the issue of locating barracks and its passive defense in Tehran. In addition to increasing the efficiency and performance of military bases, applying appropriate methods in the site selection, can prevent wrong decisions and the loss of troops and the economic strength to respond appropriately to the attack. Several factors are include in military site selection studies. Some of the main factors are climatic conditions, topographic conditions, communication routes, water, land slope, security issues, and political considerations. The present study examine the site selection of military bases in Tehran and try to introduce the best places to build new military barracks. 

This research has been conducted with the aim of locating and organizing an optimal distribution of military bases. Criteria and indicators of site selection include five groups: spatial-physical, demographic, geographical (climatic parameters, the geomorphologic and geologic parameters, the parameters of accessibility of man-made centers, infrastructure parameters, and hydrological specifications), economic and military. In the first step, the effective measures in locating the military bases were evaluated by experts on the basis of their importance. Then, by fuzzing and integrating the layers in the GIS, the aforementioned area was classified for the construction of new barracks. Finally, the appropriate military site of military units were selected on the map in the ARC GIS environment through utilizing the overlapping method of effective layers of site selection.

The results revealed that according to the indicators identified in scientific research (Nouri, 2019) in the spatial planning of military bases in Tehran, the passive defense has not been considered enough. In terms of soil type, land slope, distance from the river, faults, power transmission lines, and proximity to sensitive centers, these areas are vulnerable and necessary measures should be taken to relocate them.
According to the results obtained from the fuzzy function based on the gamma 9% Robat Karim (%25.34), Waramin (%13.64), and Shahriyar County (%8.24) had the optimal and appropriate locations for the construction of new military bases. Furthermore, Shemiranat Counties had the least suitable conditions (%73) for the construction of a military barracks based on a passive defense approach. Our findings confirmed the results of other research about Ardabil (Jafarzadeh & Valizadeh Kamran, 2018), Torbat-e Jam (Saeedi et al, 2013), Marivan (Weysi et al, 20181397) and Nehbandan (Bahramabadi & Ebadinejad, 2016), Hamedan (Jamour & Malekhoseini, 2015). All of mentioned papers has emphasized the lack of attention to the principles of passive defense in the territorial planning of military bases in Iran.

The presence of military bases and barracks within the urban fabric, along with the horizontal expansion of the cities, have brought about many problems in the missions of the garrison and reduced its effectiveness, which in itself poses a serious threat to the proper functioning of the missions considered. It seems that the expansion of cities and civil conditions in the near future will require the relocation of many military bases in Tehran. In selecting an appropriate and optimal place to build military centers, security, and defense considerations are vital. Using the principles of passive defense in the construction of these military sites will increase the efficiency of these units and strengthen their security for dealing with military threats and crises. A review of research on the territorial planning of military bases in Iran confirmed three issues: First, the number of such studies is very small and does not include all major cities. Second, passive defense in the territorial planning of military bases in Iran has been neglected. Third, the metropolis of Tehran has not been the focus of attention in these studies. The results of the current paper confirmed that the western and southwestern regions of Tehran have suitable conditions for construction of military centers with a security approach and passive defense and the necessary steps should be taken as soon as possible to transfer military bases. The recurrence of military threats against Iran by Israel and the United States in recent years and insecurity in the Middle East doubles this need. The authors suggested that the construction of military bases in the designated areas should be done with utmost care so that, firstly, the urban development in the region is not disrupted by the establishment of these bases. Secondly, the citizens do not lose their sense of calm and security. In order to create a sense of peace and security among the people of the region, it was recommended to build government-leased houses for military personnel in the above-mentioned urban area.

Unfortunately, seismic data recorded globally during the last fifty years does not include every type of wave propagation conditions in the environment, types of construction, the rupture process on the fault, and the geometrical relationship between the construction and the fault. This is especially seen in near-field regions. Before the 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan and the 1999 Izmit earthquake in Turkey, there were only about 20 records of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 7 at a distance of less than 20 kilometers from the fault.The Turkish earthquake added 5 records and the Thai earthquake added 65 records to this collection, but only two fault rupture scenarios were added to our knowledge, while thousands of other possible scenarios may occur. Thus, seismologists and earthquake engineers have tried to estimate parameters related to strong near-field motions of the earth with an acceptable confidence using various experimental and theoretical simulation methods.           

In earthquake engineering and seismology, earthquake phenomenon and the resulting movements are generally investigated and analyzed using dynamic and kinematic methods. Seismological models and problems are thus divided into two categories: Kinematic models which are based on slip distribution and do not take the state of stress on the fault into account. Dynamic models deal with the physics of fault rupture and its causes. Simulation methods are also divided into three main categories: deterministic (low frequencies), stochastic (high frequencies) and hybrid (broad band) methods.Generally speaking, simulating strong ground motion plays an important role in the estimation of related parameters especially in regions lacking such data. Accelerographs are used to simulate strong ground motions. The present study has introduced, investigated and validated two methods decisive simulation models (Discrete-Wave Number and Finite Fault) and Finite Fault models. It also explains how the simulated recording are produced for near-field (less than 20 km to a seismogenic fault) and far-field events, presents attenuation relationships for the Zagros seismotectonics region, and predicts parameters of strong ground motions.

Due to the special geological conditions and the existence of many active faults in Iran, our country is considered to be located in an earthquake-prone region. Zagros region is considered to be the most earthquake-prone region of Iran. Finite fault modeling combines various aspects of plate source with the ground motion model based on point source. Since previously mentioned limitations are not naturally present in finite fault modelling, the method takes geometry of the fault and the directivity effect into account. Time delay method and the sum of accelerations recorded in maps of a two-dimensional network are used for simulation in finite fault model. The fault plate is divided into various elements and a minor event is simulated for each one. The overall seismic acceleration equals the sum of the effects of these minor events. The strong ground motions in each micro-fault are calculated using the random point source method and then summed up at the desired point with an appropriate time delay to obtain the ground motion of the entire fault.Previous geological and seismic studies of each seismic region are used to determine the key parameters of the simulation input. To produce a comprehensive database, a significant number of stations are taken into account around the fault based on different hypothesesand artificial accelerograms are produced in accordance with the seismological parameters of the region. A suitable function is then selected and an attenuation relationship is fitted. The simulation results and the resulting attenuation relationship are then compared with valid global attenuation relationships and their consistency (compliance percentage) is investigated.

The present study has produced a wide range of simulated records (about 20 thousand records) for Zagros seismotectonics region. Thus, the resulting relationships will hopefully have sufficient accuracy and efficiency to be used in structure designing and urban development. It worth noting that the regression correlation coefficient (R-Square) was above 0.95 in all fits.These attenuation relationships can provide a new perspective on site selection, and help us in understanding the dynamic behavior of structures, and the development of various infrastructure. They also help urban managers to predict and reduce earthquake damages.

Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in different parts of the world. This problem is more severe in developing countries, which contain a large part of the world's population. The current research is to locate the landfill site selection in Haftkal county, Khuzestan. In this study, three main morphological, environmental and socio-economic criteria were considered. Sub-criteria include slope, elevation, geology, distance from faults, distance from water wells, distance from water surface, distance from roads, distance from oil and gas pipelines, distance from high voltage power transmission lines, distance from residential areas, distance from protected areas and landuse. According to the conditions of the city and with the help of experts' opinion, the main morphological criterion with 0.443 was assigned the most points and importance among the main criteria .Also among the sub-criteria slope, geology, distance from underground water wells and distance from roads got the most points. In this study, Geographic Information System techniques such as Weighted Sum, Fuzzy Overlay and Boolean was used and among the used Fuzzy Sum and Weighted Sum methods introduced the most suitable lands for the construction of a landfill site and the methods of Fuzzy Gamma 0.3 and Fuzzy Product were the most strict functions and they identified 171.14 square kilometers and 124.01 square kilometers of land in Haftkal as suitable for the construction of a landfill site. According to Boolean's logic the current landfill site of Haftkal is located in an inappropriate place and in the other of the studied methods it is in the average range.

With the development of industries and the expansion of human activities and the production of hazardous wastes, it is necessary to dispose of them in a suitable place that has the least threat to human life, and requires basic considerations about the site's vulnerability to natural and human hazards, ease of insulation and the risk of environmental pollution. Examining this issue seems very simple, which is why at the level of executive projects, each specialist considers himself entitled to location projects; unaware that each environment has certain complexities, the neglect of which may lead to great human and environmental waste. Accordingly, in this study, we first tried to improve the criteria for Iran according to geographical conditions by studying valid international standards and guidelines regarding the location of landfills for special waste. Second, with a geographical approach to the subject, by combining layers, the accuracy of the desired factors will increase, and by combining 46 maps or information layers, 35 desired factors will be selected with high accuracy. Third, by understanding that questionnaire-based methods such as hierarchical analysis (AHP) can not achieve reliable results in the evaluation of layers, new corrective methods can be proposed that lead to satisfactory results. Fourth, a geographical understanding of the phenomena can help assess the validity of the results in the final stages and, depending on its specialization, be effective in a particular type of site selection. We need 70 hectares In this study . Land location including the area that is not cause damage to environment elements and is close to industrial centers and roads but away from residential areas, airports and tourist areas was identified only in four places in the west of the province and on or near the Iranian-Iraqi border. Geomorphological studies also give proitey to one of them .

High education institutess are a key factor in the educational process. Centers that have a suitable location and are designed in a systematic program help the development of urban society in a suitable and efficient way. However, site selection of the high education centers, including Azad University, is a complex issue that involves many evaluations (technical, political, social, environmental and economic).

Goal:

The most important goal of the research is to implement the correct and appropriate model for the location of higher education centers for the effectiveness of uses in the city.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in terms of method and nature, and the final weight of the criteria in preparing the location map was calculated using fuzzy hierarchical multi-criteria decision-making analysis. Based on this and by applying the weights of each criteria in the ArcGIS environment, the suitability of the lands of Babol city for the establishment of new higher education centers with an emphasis on the Islamic Azad University was determined.

Geographical area of research:

Babol City is located in Babol Township of Mazandaran Province.There are 18 high education institutes (including universities and high education institutes) in this city.

According to the opinion of experts, the criterion of the distance from flood-prone areas is the first priority with a relative weight of 0.098, and the land value criterion is the last priority with a relative weight of 0.035 to influence the optimal site selection of the high education institutes. According to the site selection map of high education institutes in Babol, the most suitable land for creating these centers is in the southwest and west part of the city and in the area of Farhangian, Nilufer, Azadegan, Taleghani and Andisheh complexes, as well as the current location of the Islamic Azad University of Babol branch.

There are three important points in choosing the location of university units with a sustainable development approach:1)Identifying the effects of the components of location and spatial distribution of high education; 2)Identifying the effects of the components of the stakeholders' satisfaction with high education; 3)Identifying the effects of the spatial components of high education site selection.

Today, burying waste is the most common method in many countries due to its lower cost and the existence of a wider spectrum of waste. In the location of the waste burial site, . For this purpose, several multi-criteria decision making methods are used in prioritizing suitable places. In the research, 10 important factors were used to locate the waste disposal site, which are: land use, slope of the area, altitude of the area, geology of the area, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from springs, distance from wells, distance from villages. and distance from faults. ANP model was used to prepare the final zoning map. In the first stage, the criteria were prepared and converted into GIS format. Then it was converted to raster format and fuzzification was done. According to the results obtained, the weight of land use criteria, the slope of the area, the height of the area, the geology of the area, the distance from roads, the distance from rivers, the distance from springs, the distance from wells, the distance from villages and the distance from faults for the study area is 0.167. 0.087, 0.036, 0.028, 0.138, 0.064, 0.068, 0.047, 0.120, 0.243 were obtained. Therefore, the criterion of the distance from the faults has the highest weight and the geological criterion has the least influence in locating waste burial areas according to experts. The obtained map was classified in 5 different classes. By examining the overlapping criteria map, it was observed that suitable areas for landfilling are located near rivers and springs and residential and rural areas. By examining the final zoning map, it has been observed that the most suitable areas for landfilling are located in the westernmost part of the study area, with a focus on Agha Seyed Sharif road.

Today, the optimal location of fire stations is one of the important necessities in the field of efficiency and timely response of urban management to potential hazards. Spatial optimization methods are widely used in this field due to special and spatial features of issues related to urban facilities. Among the most important of these items are interpolation-based methods and maximum service coverage. In the current situation, the city of Zabol has two operational fire stations, which due to the large size of the city and its rapid physical development, are not able to adequately respond to urban incidents and events, so it needs serious revision and increase the number of stations to the desired level. The present research, in terms of methodology is descriptive, in terms of purpose is applied and is based on library studies and field studies. Based on the scenario, this study presents a multi-objective spatial optimization model that combines the objectives related to the middle limit and maximum service coverage in the field of fire stations in Zabol city and finally using the Pareto optimization method Displays the improve access intensity. Findings from the research scenarios showed that with a certain increase in the number of stations in different parts of the city, access improves with different intensities. For example, assuming 6 stations are located at certain distances from each other, access will improve by up to 9% compared to the current situation, and if this number increases to 12, access will increase by up to 60%.

The purpose of this research is to identify and select suitable sites for developing urban parks and green spaces. So that people in different areas of the city have suitable and convenient access to these areas.

In this research, site selection was used to determine suitable areas for developing urban parks in Gorgan city in Golestan province through a multi-criteria evaluation method and AHP approach. At first, effective criteria in site selection for the development the urban parks were identified by reviewing the previous studies and experts’ opinions. After that, the selected factors were weighed using the AHP method. Then, suitable zones for developing urban parks were identified using the ZLS command based on the area of zones and the value of the land area. The final zones were determined among these high-proportion zones in the next step, with field investigation and ownership review.

The results of weighting showed slope, barren lands, and proximity to residential areas by gaining weights of 0.2515, 0.1929 and 0.0757, respectively, had the highest weight and have the highest importance for identifying new areas for developing urban parks in the next step, the criteria were evaluated through WLC method, and the suitability map were prepared for developing urban parks.

Results showed that 32.19 hectares of the study area are suitable for establishing urban parks. The results of the present study, identifying and presenting suitable areas for developing urban parks and green spaces in Gorgan city, could help managers and decision-makers in this sector in providing green space and improving the people's quality of life and welfare.

Recently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. A descriptive, analytical and field approach is used in this study. The spatial capability of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province was evaluated using spatial and quantitative data. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity information over a period of 12 years. Then, based on the group of experts, documentary and library studies, scientific resources in this field and available data, four climatic, economic, environmental-social and topographical factors, have been selected as the most important indicators to determine suitable areas for the establishment of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province. These four criteria include 18 sub-criteria and after weighting and overlapping, the final zoning map was prepared using the Boolean model. According to the final map, the central strip of the province within the boundaries of Noor, Amol and Babol counties, the northern parts of Noor and Sari counties, the south of Savadkooh and Qaemshahr counties, as well as the central and southern parts of Behshahr county, are more suitable areas than other parts of Mazandaran Province for establishing wind power plants.

One of the policies that has been taken into account by many countries to develop sustainable tourism is the development of touristic towns and villages in a centralized manner and the prevention of haphazard, unplanned contractions that destroy environment, sociocultural context, and economic structure of the touristic attraction sites. This policy was enacted by the Iranian cabinet in 2017. The purpose of this study was to present a methodology to identify the spaces suitable for the development of touristic towns and villages. The study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. As the input of the analytic model, the spatial territory of Mazandaran province was divided into 23007 spatial units, each covering 100 hectares. Then, the development of touristic towns and villages were evaluated and prioritized. In this article, the combined index of “the priority of the development of touristic towns and villages in Mazandaran province” was made by combining exploratory factor analysis and network analysis (F’ANP) based on 14 factors effective on the development of touristic towns and villages. The resulting map was then trimmed based on four control indices. The findings of the model showed that the three factors of “environmental potential and transportation infrastructure,” “the quantity and quality of serving the tourists,” and “tourism investment potential” are effective on the prioritization of Mazandaran province spaces in order to develop touristic towns and villages. The results of study demonstrated that the development of touristic towns and villages in this province is possible in the middle and eastern side of seashore, in limited areas in the eastern plains, and in the eastern and western mountainous lands.

Choosing the right place to build a new shopping center is a multi-criteria decision-making problem that involves different people and opinions. In this research, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making models have been used to perform some stages of spatial analysis, and then the development of a group decision support system for aggregating and selecting the final alternative has been discussed. A two-step method was proposed in this research to create limited decision-making options. In the first stage, creating standard criteria maps including five items with spatial analysis and normalization was done in ArcGIS software. According to the studies, the weight of each criterion was determined and the weighted overlapping of the layers was done. After applying the limiting options, six areas were determined to perform web-based location selection. In the second stage, a group spatial decision support system was developed. Using Visual Studio environment and C# programming language and .NET technology, a website was designed for the participation of experts in this field. In the architecture of this system, ASPMap technology, including a set of controls and map components, and location-based tools, was embedded on the server side of the program. User weighting of the criteria was done in the forms designed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). With the help of stored procedures in a SQL Server database, the average value of each of the selected points is calculated online based on the opinions of the group. Finally, the point that had the highest value in the average of the opinions of different users was introduced as the best place to build a shopping center. The research results showed that the proposed method has high flexibility, speed, and ease in applying group opinions.

The rapid growth of population and urbanization in recent decades has created many problems in human daily life. One of the important issues in this connection is urban transportation, especially public transportation, and it is of great interest today. Studying the effective factors and evaluating the location of subway stations is one of the important and necessary issues in the urban context. The importance and prestige of any city depends on its city services. The more these services and facilities are at an ideal level, the more comfortable the conditions are for the citizens' lives and the more the satisfaction of the citizens, which is one of the most important urban services of public transportation, especially the urban subway. Accordingly, the scientific goal of this research is to use GIS analysis to identify service areas and use multi-criteria decision models to locate new stations. This research has been carried out through several steps, including identifying variables, preparing standard criteria maps, obtaining the weight of layers, applying the weight of layers, and fuzzy overlapping of layers. Analytical Network Process (ANP) model was used to weight the criteria. In the results of weighting, the distance from the fault, the distance from the parking lot, and the population without cars had the greatest impact on positioning. Finally, suitable places for the construction of the metro station were suggested.

Due to the earthquake damage caused by the earthquake, one of the most important issues which is considered by the authorities after the earthquake is the water supply of citizens of a city. Unfortunately, in many cities of Iran, the management of the crisis, especially concerning drinking water, is not noticed in the aftermath of the various events that the metropolitan is considering. due to the great importance of this issue, in this study, suitable spaces to locate water emergency reservoirs in shiraz, based on criteria urban public open spaces (park and green space, open space Stadium, city Squares), Population density (near Population block whit high Population density), roads network (access to roads high way, main road, minor road), high-risk centers against Earthquake (wearing texture areas in the slopes areas Close to the fault, Historical points of the earthquake) Based on the hierarchical analysis Process (AHP) and decision support system, GIS, (using of transformation functions of a polygon to point, vector to raster, Euclidean distance, reclassify and the functions of a scalar subset to be evaluated. The results of this study suggest the locations with the scores of 7,8,9, that located mainly in destroyed texture areas, regions with high population density and urban main roads of Shiraz as the alternatives for locating of the city's emergency water Resviors.

Recently, Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization of Iran has focused on construction of disaster management and support bases. To reach such an aim, it is necessary to investigate different areas and select an appropriate geographical location for this type of land use. The selected location must be safe in critical conditions and make the base as efficient as possible. Accurate site selection is a necessary step towards prevention, preparedness and dealing with various disasters. Selecting an appropriate location for these bases is extremely important in their relief operations. Thus, the bases must be properly accessible while having a strong structure unthreatened by any risk. Disaster management measures are based on information analysis and take advantage of geographical information tools for spatial analysis. Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used in all stages of disaster management. Geographic information system is a very useful tool for implementation of logical models, decision making about land use allocation, selection of the most suitable site, evaluation of suitable options and finally reaching an integrated choice. Geographical location of Baneh in vicinity of Iran-Iraq border, and related natural hazards (geological, climatic, and etc.) and unnatural threats (political-security) have made passive defense and especially site selection for disaster management and support bases a crucial issue in this border area. Therefore, the present study seeks to select the best possible site for disaster management and support bases in Baneh. 

Data have been collected through library research and questionnaires distributed among experts. Research criteria have also been classified into natural and unnatural (man-made) categories which include altitude, slope, slope direction, vegetation, lithology, distance from fault line, distance from river, climatic factor (precipitation), link roads, distance from city, distance from village, gas stations, health centers, relief agencies, military and police stations, open spaces and distance from the international Iran-Iraq border. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the questionnaires and Expert Choice and Arc GIS software were used for data processing. The importance coefficient of the criteria were analyzed in Arc GIS software using AHP FUZZY model and the final results were presented in the form of a map.

Results indicate that unnatural (man-made) criteria received a higher weight as compared to natural criteria. Among these criteria, vicinity to health centers received the highest weight (0.151), while vegetation and slope direction received the lowest weight (0.016). ​​Baneh generally lacks a proper situation for the construction of disaster management and support bases except for the cities in the middle of the county.

Due to the occurrence of various natural disasters and unnatural (human) threats in the border areas of the country including the county of Baneh which have affected the security of the region by their serious damages and high death tolls, it is necessary to focus on passive defense in site selection for disaster management and support bases in these areas. Results indicated that quick and easy access from bases to health centers and relief agencies, link roads, police stations and proximity to cities have the highest priority in site selection for disaster management and support bases. Other desirable passive defense criteria include distance from Iran-Iraq border and distance from fault lines. The final map shows unacceptable situation of the county in terms of disaster management bases. Except for cities located in the middle of this county such as Baneh, Buin, Armardeh and Kanisour, other cities lack a proper situation for construction of these bases. Such a situation results in higher vulnerability of these areas in probable disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt short-term and practical programs along with important and effective criteria of passive defense to find the most optimal sites for disaster management and support bases in Baneh County.

In order to avoid subjectivism, catastrophe theory functions were used to the integration of different variables in the context of geographic information system. Decrease in decision making uncertainty during weighting process and to some extent in classification uncertainty, high flexibility in type and number of variables, and consideration of spatial differentiation of variables are the most important advantages of this model. The comparison between the results of this model and field and geographic facts indicates high efficiency and validity of used model. Feasibility of spatial-physical development of Tabriz using catastrophe theory showed that because of special geomorphologic, geologic, soil and hydrologic conditions, there are not suitable zones for the spatial- physical development in the surrounding of the city. The best zones for outer development of the city is located in the southwest of the peri-urban areas between Tabriz and Sahand new town. Although, the physical development of the city in these zones- in the form of towns- will require high cost for the preparation of lands. Therefore considering environmental unsuitable conditions of city’s surrounding, it would be better to plan the physical-spatial development with regard to the city’s inner potentials (such as renovation of old texture).

This research attempts to select the suitable areas for tourism development using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Ecological capability evaluation. It regulates the relationship between socio-economic impacts and land use changes to monitor the sustainable development and determines the potential or types of use that land can naturally have. In this research, in order to identify the environmental potential of Shahrood County for tourism, GIS as the best suitable technique for land evaluation and site feasibility was used along with Index Overlaying (IO). Thus by identifying the ecological resources of the region, in a scale of 1:250000, map layer information was dispatched to the ArcGIS to overlay. This research was done in 6 stages. After preparing the slope, aspect and elevation layers, they were overlaid in ArcGIS and the landform layer was produced. Then, the overlaying of landform, land use, soil, vegetation and wildlife layers resulted in the final environmental units. After that, the ecological models of extensive and intensive tourism in Iran were used for comparison and analysis. According to the results, the study area has high potential for tourism. The suitable area for intensive outdoor recreation encompassed 68.8% of the area associated with class 1 and 19.1% with class 2; and extensive outdoor recreation included 93.2% class 1 and 5.3% class 2. In addition to this, 13.6% of study area was allocated to conservation because no part of this area is suitable for tourism activities. In the end, appropriate activities for each zone are recommended.

Parks and urban green spaces are one of the most important urban utilities,whose distribution status is very important in urban areas.The 6th Zone of Ahvaz is not well positioned due tothe distribution of urban green space.Therefore,achieving the appropriate areas for creating green space in this area is the main objective of this research.To achieve this goal,a multicriteria evaluation method wasusedintheGISenvironment.For this method,firstly,effective measures were taken to determine the urban green space using the Delphi method,which includes criteria of residential centers,educationalcenters,communication network,available green space,cultural centers,population density,industrial centers and sports centers.In the next step,In the next step from the land use map of Ahvaz city the layers of the criteria wereextracted and evaluated.TheAHP method was also used to weighting the layers, and finally,by overlaying the weighted layers using the overlapping method the final maps wasprepared.Accordingtotheresults,from the totalareaofthisregionthe64764hectares(47.53%),which is suitable for creating the urban green space, which is concentrated in the north to the west of theregion, and from all zones,the good zones has the largest area(30.88%).The results indicate that the green space of 6th Zone of Ahvaz has good distribution according to the site selection criteria and, on the other hand, the suitable lands for creating green space are in high proportion to the land use map in the 6th zone of Ahvaz,It is suggested that in order to achieve the betterresult,acomprehensiveoverviewofthepreparation and implementation ofcomprehensive plans regarding the location of the green spacesof Ahvaz cityand the attention of urban managers tothe potential and available limits in the region to provide better services

Equilibrium in the spatial distribution system of services is one of the most important issues that has attracted the attention of geographers and planners in recent years. In the meanwhile, educational services as one of the indicators of human development are not necessarily consistent with population growth in rural settlements and do not have the appropriate spatial-locational differentiation. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of locating and organizing an optimal distribution of educational services in 13 villages located in Shahin-Shahr and Meymah in a library (using resources, related research, and Internet sites) in the following two stages: In the first step, the effective measures in locating the AHP training centers were evaluated by experts on the basis of their importance. Then, by fuzzing and integrating the layers in the GIS, the aforementioned area was classified for the construction of educational centers. In the second stage of research after determining the centrality index in educational services (primary, secondary and high school), to determine the correlation coefficient between two population parameters and educational services, the model (rank rating) was used. Subsequently, spatial and locational factors predicted the population and prospects for allocating and distributing educational services based on rural areas located in the territory. Finally, based on research findings, the establishment or development of educational spaces for the 1405 solar sky was proposed.

 Equilibrium in the spatial distribution system of services is one of the most important issues that has attracted the attention of geographers and planners in recent years. In the meanwhile, educational services as one of the indicators of human development are not necessarily consistent with population growth in rural settlements and do not have the appropriate spatial-locational differentiation. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of locating and organizing an optimal distribution of educational services in 13 villages located in Shahinshahr and Meymeh in a library (using resources, related research, and internet sites) in the following two stages: in the first step, the effective measures in locating the AHP training centers were evaluated by experts on the basis of their importance. Then, by fuzzing and integrating the layers in the GIS, the aforementioned area was classified for the construction of educational centers. In the second stage of research after determining the centrality index in educational services (primary, secondary and high school), to determine the correlation coefficient between two population parameters and educational services, the model (rank rating) was used. Subsequently, spatial and locational factors predicted the population and prospects for allocating and distributing educational services based on rural areas located in the territory. Finally, based on research findings, the establishment or development of educational spaces for the 2026 solar sky was proposed. The educational services as one of the basic services needed by rural settlements often not coordinated with the growing student population and does not have suitable distribution. In Iran, as one of the important centers of early civilization, planning and development of the concept and its public has a great history.Analysis and organization design space and rural settlement for the development of rural communities and focusing on rural settlements of urgency is high.This study seeks to examine the challenges related to the issue and the answers to questions such as;1) The effect parameters in the process of locating how effective is it?2) Does the distribution of educational services in all rural areas are proportionate and based on social justice and have taken place?

This study was conducted in two phases alternate. The fact is that sustainable rural development in general and the distribution of services and facilities several factors are involved in a specific way;1) Educational services required by its closest neighboring rural settlements with little travel can provide.  2) The supreme council of urbanism and architecture of the projected population threshold for the allocation and deployment of educational services do not have.

All the layers of information using fuzzy functions to the purpose of this phase, and the weight of each layer was multiplied. Finally by overlaying maps fuzzy using gamma 9.0, 8.0, 7.0 and 9.0 gamma confirmed, because of proximity to ground truth the final map to the 5th floor very good to very poor grading respectively. So we show a map overlay gamma of 7.0 and 8.0 and show a gamma of 9.0 in ArcGIS.We can be seen, much of the best areas in the south and southeast of the city (the area of ​​rural settlements Jahadabad, Moorchekhort, Vandadeh, Kolahroud) and the most difficult zones of west and northwest of the city (the area of ​​rural settlements refuge, Lushab, Hassan Robat) and the north-eastern part of the city (village Maravand) Calculations based on the centrality of: The results show the centrality index Dehloran villages and Maravand regarding the educational services in the central index, the highest and lowest rankings are in the village of Jahadabad. So projected population in 13 rural settlements for the next 10 years, according to the population of 85 years and 95 Statistical center of Iran. population of rural settlements in the horizon of 1405, show Hassan Robat village with a population of 1722 people, in the first place and Choghadeh village with a population of 290 people, the population is at the lowest rank.
Conclusions and Recommendations: In view of the combination include:1) Results and imbalances in the distribution of educational services in territory   planning and research, 2) to evaluate the centrality of educational services and the projected population for the time horizon 1405, 3) calculating the spearman correlation coefficient between the two parameters, population rank and rank educational services rank-size model, 4) weighted 20 criteria using AHP in GIS, The following suggestions are offered.