جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سلامت » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد »

The current research aims to investigate the effectiveness of scientific innovation on the productivity of the labor force in Islamic countries with the use of health as a mediating variable with an analytical approach. In this study, data panel and Eviews 13 software were used, which examines and analyzes independent variables on labor productivity during the period of 2010-2022. The variables examined in this research include per capita physical capital, technology, innovation, education, health care expenses, and life expectancy. The variable index of physical and human capital, respectively, is the calculation of net capital formation on the number of employees and the average years of education, which has a positive effect on labor productivity, as well as the index of the number of articles published in scientific and technical journals as a substitute for the variable of innovation and technology export. Advanced, which is a representative for the technology variable, and the index related to health measurement, which life expectancy and health cost per capita is considered as a substitute for the level of health and health, with its improvement, it increases the level of productivity of the labor force. . The results of the research show that all the variables used in the research have a positive and significant effect on the growth of labor productivity in the group of Islamic countries.

Regional balanced growth is one of the major goals of economic policymakers in the field of sustainable national development; and according to the degree of development and deprivation of the regions, different policies and planning are required. Health is one of the factors affecting human capital, productivity, and sustainable economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of health on economic growth along with many other effective factors based on the level of prosperity and deprivation of the provinces of the country. This research is a descriptive-analytical and applied study, in which, by taking the form of the Cobb-Douglas production function, the effect of the health index on economic growth is analyzed in three groups of provinces of the country (privileged, relatively privileged, and underprivileged), with the panel data approach of co-integration, and with the fully modified least square. According to the results, the effect of household health expenditure, household education expenditure, construction credits, private investment in housing, urbanization, and the degree of economic participation on economic growth in all three regions has been positive and significant. With a 100% increase in household health expenditures, the GDP of underprivileged provinces will grow 22,2%, while the GDP of relatively privileged and privileged provinces will grow respectively 19,6% and 16,7%. The results also show that the government's focus on health in all provinces, especially in underprivileged and relatively privileged ones, is very effective in strengthening economic growth. The results also demonstrate that the health index is a long-term variable, and health-related policies have long-term effects on economic growth and development.

Iran is among the countries with a high per capita consumption of energy. Despite the positive aspects of energy consumption, the negative side effects cannot be ignored. The environmental pollution is considered to be the most important environmental risk to health globally. Therefore, it is essential to receive green tax in order to reduce the threats to the environment and the people’s health. This study uses a general equilibrium model to consider the effects of different sectors of the economy, energy, environment and health sectors on simulating the effect of green tax on emission of pollutants, health indicators and welfare in Iran's economy. The model is calibrated with the data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 in Iran and the endogenous variables of the model are calculated using the MCP technique and using the GAMS software. The results of the study showed that by applying the green tax policy, the spread of all pollutants in various degrees is always reduced. However, due to increasing the welfare of whole community, considering the effects of applying this policy on the health sector, green tax on energy inputs are proposed to prevent the increase in health costs caused by air pollution.

The corona pandemic is a phenomenon that has caused a crisis in the world due to its rapid spread and unstoppable nature. This crisis, however, seems to have a purely medical and health-related nature. But it is a multidimensional phenomenon which effects and consequences can be studied and evaluated in various fields.The purpose of this study is to propose an appropriate approach in implementing the choice experiment method from the perspective of heterogeneity expressed in individuals’ preferences. In the present study, using the choice experiment method, the factors influencing the selection of individuals from the options of the selection sets (including mental illness, unemployment, change in social activities, family problems, concerns about social discriminations) have been identified. Because in choice experiment some respondents may not consider all the features or levels provided; This causes heterogeneity in the behavior of respondents. To investigate the effect of this heterogeneity on the selection process of different individuals in the sample population (Tehran), in this study, a new approach of endogenous attribute attendance in the logit model was used. The information required for the research was obtained by completing 384 questionnaires completely randomly by different people in 2021. The results of estimating the two logit models in terms of endogenous attribute attendance (EAA) and conditional logit indicate that the average tendency to Payment for features defined in the model (EAA) is higher than the conditional logit model.Because the EAA model considers the probabilities of the absence of certain features in individuals' preferences, it will have reliable results for estimating the willingness to pay.

Health as a special commodity and a fundamental right of all people has always been considered by policymakers. Corruption as one of the indicators of institutional quality can lead the resources of society to specific groups and cause a lack of resources in areas such as health. Therefore, the phenomenon of corruption can be one of the obstacles to achieving the health goals in any society. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of two different indicators of corruption on life expectancy in 10 selected Asian developing countries for the period 1996 to 2015. For this purpose, Pooled Mean Group Econometric (PMG) method was used. The results showed that in both models, reducing corruption had a positive and significant effect on life expectancy in the long run. However, in the short term, only the control of corruption index introduced by the World Bank had a significant and negative effect on life expectancy. In other words, in the short term, corruption has been able to positively affect health by bypassing the legal barriers in the health sector. In the long run, on the contrary, the negative effects of corruption are greater and therefore corruption has a negative impact on health in the long run.

The abundance of natural resources in a country is considered a blessing and led to increased growth and development, but in others it has appeared as a disaster and led to a decrease in investment in sectors such as health as an important factor of economic growth and rights, but in others it has appeared as a curse of resources and led to a decrease in investment in sectors such as health as an important factor of economic growth and rights. The present article uses the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to investigate the effect of oil dependence on life expectancy index as a health index in Iran during the period 1984-2017. The results showed that in the long run, the effect of oil rents as an indicator of dependence on natural resources on life expectancy in Iran has been inversed U-shaped. In other words, to a certain extent, the rent of oil resources has had a positive effect on life expectancy, but with the increase of dependence on oil resources, this effect has become negative. Then, to analyze the effect of institutional quality on the relationship between dependence on oil resources and health outcomes, the estimation results for Iran with three developing countries with poor institutional quality including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Kuwait, and three developed countries with strong institutional quality Norway, Canada and the United States were compared. The results showed that in countries with poor institutional quality, the relationship between oil rents and life expectancy is the same as in Iran, but in countries with strong institutional quality, oil rents have been ineffective on life expectancy. Therefore, the degree of development and institutional quality of the country is effective in turning oil rents into a blessing or a calamity.

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of inequality, poverty and environmental pollution on health index in developing as well as developed countries. To reach this goal, data has been used for 23 developed and 94 developing countries. The maximum time period covered by this study was from 1990 to 2015 in which unbalanced panel data has been used. To select the appropriate model to estimate the final model, panel stationarity test and Hausman test has been done. The result of tests suggest that  fixed effects model for estimating health regression for developing countries is an appropriate one which  shows that poverty and different indicators of pollution as well as income inequality have negative effect on health index (child mortality rate) and education index has a positive effect on the health in this countries .The results also show that in developed countries environmental pollution indices , income inequality index and urbanization rate have a negative and significant effect on health index and per capita health expenditure has a positive effect on the health of people in this countries.

Improving the community health as one of the preconditions of achieving sustainable development goals, through promoting labor force performance, has provided the basis for economic growth and achieving to the goals such as public welfare, economic growth, and justice. This study analyzes Iran health performance through few health indicators (such as life expectancy at birth, Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Out-of-pocket Payment, Insurance Coverage Rate, insurance Penetration Rate, and Mental Health Condition), in order to investigate its compatibility with Islamic justice principles. In spite of some improving trends in Iran health sector during recent decades, the results imply that the health conditions are not satisfiable and compatible with Islamic healthy society terms.

Despite its public and non-commercial nature, health sector has been considerably affected by globalization. The present study examines the relationship between trade openness and health indicators using panel data from the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) members during the period 1995-2014. For this purpose, a panel co-integration model with cross-sectional dependency and Continuously-updated and Fully-Modified (Cup-FM) method have been used. The results of the model estimation show that trade openness has a positive and significant effect on the health indicators in the OIC members. Also, results show a negative sign of the interaction between trade liberalization and income per capita, which implies that the partial impact of trade openness on health indicators in the OIC members decreases as the income per capita increases.

The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health sectors simultaneously. The model was calibrated with data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 and the endogenous variables of the model were calculated using the GAMS software using MCP technique. The results showed that by increasing the green tax rates, the health costs caused by the reduction of air pollution would be significantly reduced. Also, the financial impact on health indicators included mortality, morbidity and non-health effects of air pollution were estimated 62, 26.4 and 11.6 percent, respectively. Based on the results, implementation of green taxes can be reduced the health costs of air pollution.

Health is considered nowadays as one of the most important factor in Human Development Index. Increase in mortality rate due to non-communicable diseases and increase in health care costs, caused by these diseases has challenged the health systems in most nations, particularly the developing countries which are faced severe resource shortage. This has led the policy makers to focus on “education”, as an effective instrument to improve the public health efficiency. The main objective of our study is to investigate the long-term relationship between health and education among selected OIC countries during the period (1998- 2013). In this regard, based on the Grossman (1972) model, a health production function is defined. Using a co-integration panel data technique, we estimated the model. Subsequently, using the estimated coefficients of the long-run relationship and the random effect model, for selected countries, the technical efficiency of health production was calculated. The results shows that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between health and education. the results of the calculation of technical efficiency, in various countries, showed that those countries with higher literacy rates, used efficiently the inputs in health production.

The health economics is study the methods of using and applying in areas related to health and health care. In terms of nature, this area has remarkable differences with other areas, and economists are particularly interested in health care for various reasons: first, the resources available for health care are limited and similar In other cases, the demand for health services is more than supply; otherwise, limitation and scarcity simply can not be eliminated by increasing health costs, because the importance of opportunity costs is neglected and, in many circumstances, our standard for Allocating goods and services in the health sector, not desire, desire or ability to pay, but also need. Therefore, we need a set of economic techniques for analyzing and evaluating the health care market. The purpose of this article is to review this field with emphasis on social health. Indicators used in this project are among the data related to the field of economics of health (structural, functional) including books, theses, reports of research projects, and scientific-research papers from the universities that have studied health economics that in them, extracted, collected and categorized. The overseas health economics has different trends, such as health policy, health insurance economics, health technology assessment and long-term records. But in Iran, he has been admitted to the Faculty of Management and Information Management of Iran University of Medical Sciences for about 10 years at a Masters level. Currently, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Kerman University of Medical Sciences, are admitted to this stage. Also, a PHD of this field from the past three years at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Economic Research Institute of Tarbiat Modarres University is presented

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the most important factors affecting the health expenditures as an indicator of health in the provinces of Iran by using a panel data model. The results of hypothesis testing using fixed effects and GMM for the period 1390-1380 show that there is a positive and significant relationship among health expenditure (as an indicator for health ) and the number of students of university, higher education (as an indicator for human capital), per capita income, and the number of main insured covered by the social security organizations on the basis of voluntary insurance.

Infrastructures are one of the most important tools for transferring technology from developed countries to developing ones. These infrastructures will also increase the economic activities; decrease the production and transportation costs, and finally increase the efficiency. Thus, they can affect the economic growth. This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of education and health, and economic infrastructures on the economic growth of Iran from 1980 to 2011. To that end, an equation system was designed which uses 2SLS. The findings showed that one percent increase in the education and health infrastructures will increase GDP by 0.06, and increase the foreign direct investment by 0.03. The indirect effect of improving education and health infrastructures on economic growth via foreign investment is 0.06 while export can bring about a 0.02 increase in economic growth.

Health is the most valuable material property of human and the health sector is one of the most important sectors in community. Therefore، justice is the key issue in economics in general and emphatic in Islamic economics. According to an approach concerning equity in health sector، justice occurs when socio-economic factors do not expose people with impoverishing costs. In this paper، based on a large volumes of data between the years 2007 to 2011، we evaluate the impact of household socio-economic status on the probability of facing with impoverishing health expenditure using Ordered Logit Technique and the STATA software. This probability decreases with the factors such as: the employment of household head، homeownership، the most educated people in the family، more per capita area of residence، family being in high income deciles and insurance coverage and increases with a growth in household size and living in more developed provinces. The poor effects of insurance coverage and its impact on the probability of households facing impoverishing health expenditure indicate its inefficiency. The probability of households facing impoverishing health expenditure has increased from 2007 to 2010 yearly، but in 2011، as Iranian targeted subsidy plan was implemented، this probability has not been significant. This should be due to the immediate and short-run influences of subsidy plan and determining its medium term and long-run effects requires further studies in the future. In this paper، with a large volume of data، it was tried to explain this problem by means of investigating the effect of new variables and the impact of implementation of government policies and subsidies plan.

The current study, drawing on mathematical modeling, aimed at uncovering factors influencing life expectency (as a proxy of health) among OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) countries. More specifically, this article tried to examine health criteria set in the Muslim world in homogeneous income countries. In doing so, we initially depict a conceptual model, and then investigate the various factors affecting health issues by the use of a generalized model developed by Grossman in those countries. The findings of the study (in a period from 1995 to 2009) revealed that the effective factors were the varibles of GDP per capita, the ratio of total health costs in GDP, out of pocket, malnutrition, and the rates of adolescent fertility. That is, the medical, economic, social, and environmental factors were reported as those influencing the healthy issues in these countries. Moreover, except for upper middle average income Muslim countries, the health conditions of homogenous groups of income (i.e. low income, lower-middle-income, middle-income and high-income) have been improved by reducing the rate of teen childbearing variables (social development) and risk of malnutrition (living conditions), though they have not been affected by these two factors. The implications of this study discussed the growing income trend with increasing GDP per capita and the ratio of health spending to gdp (economic inputs), and this fact, in turn, shows the effects of the economic inputs on the improvement of health status in Muslim countries.

One of the goals of economic development in each country is to improve the incomes of rural households. In this regard, one of the key ways to achieve this goal is strengthening human capital factors such as health (Hygiene) and education. Health Promotion and the education of people in rural areas because of its effects on increasing productivity will increase the income of people in rural areas. And thus the states will access to its original ideals of equality and justice. According to a linear model of Ahlowalia – Asafo, the overall aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human capital and infrastructure costs over income inequality in rural areas of the Iran. For this purpose, we used the auto regressive distributed lag models (ARDL) and time series data for the years 1979- 2011. The results showed that the investments in the field of health, education and infrastructure costs have a significant impact on reducing income inequality in rural areas of Iran. In addition, the linear model of Ahlowalia – Asafo based on the relationship between total factor of productivity in agricultural sector and income inequality in rural areas is not voidable.