جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « fraud » در نشریات گروه « حسابداری »

The purpose of this research is to compare the approach between independent auditors and auditors of regulatory agencies in preventing fraud based on the requirements of knowledge, skills and ethics in auditors. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method, and the information needed to check the hypotheses was collected by means of a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of auditors, including independent auditors (auditors working in audit institutions that are members of the Iranian Certified Public Accountants Association and the Audit Organization) and auditors of regulatory bodies (including auditors working in the State Inspection Organization, Audit Court, and Ministry of Economy and Finance) Questionnaires were distributed among them and finally 384 questionnaires were collected and their reliability and validity were checked and they were confirmed. The questionnaires related to the variables are standard and taken from the questionnaire of Lateef et al. (2019) and consist of 64 questions. Also, the hypotheses of this research have been analyzed by structural equation modeling method. The findings of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the views of independent auditors and auditors of regulatory agencies regarding the role of knowledge requirements and ethics requirements in fraud prevention, but there is no significant difference between the views of these two groups in relation to skill requirements.

The purpose of this study is to compare neural network, decision tree, nearest neighbor and support vector machine data mining techniques in predicting fraudulent and non-fraudulent financial statements. The research method is descriptive-applied and time domain from 2008 to 2018. In this study, financial ratios for two fraudulent and non-fraudulent samples and data mining methods were analyzed. Statistical hypotheses of normality, homogeneity and linearity test for financial ratios of fraudulent and non-fraudulent samples were tested. The normality hypothesis was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro Wilk test. Then Pearson correlation coefficient for the existence of the model for financial ratios and elimination of correlated independent variables was tested. Next, data mining methods are used to test them in predicting financial statement fraud and distinguishing fraudulent and non-fraudulent financial statements. In general, the results show that data mining methods are effective in differentiating fraudulent and non-fraudulent financial statements. The neural network method had a correct prediction of 69.4%, decision tree 65.4%, nearest neighbor 64.4% and support vector machine 78%.

The purpose of this research is Presentation a Whistleblowing Quality Model based on SocialJustice Approach. In terms of orientation, the research is an applied research; In terms of research philosophy, the research method is a mixed type, that is, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In terms of the logic of data collection, the research approach is inductive-deductive, and in terms of the goal, it is an exploratory research. In the qualitative part of the research, based on the content analysis approach, the indicators affecting the quality of Whistleblowing  based on the social justice approach were identified and extracted, and after coding and classifying the identified indicators in their respective dimensions and components, in the quantitative part, Using a survey of the statistical community including 15 experts in the field of auditing, after confirming the validity of the content by the Lawshe  method and screening and confirming the indicators identified by the fuzzy Delphi method, the Whistleblowing  quality model based on the social justice approach in 4 dimensions, 19 components And 49 indicators were presented. Also, using the paired comparisons questionnaire and hierarchical analysis and using the Expert Choice software, the approved dimensions and components were prioritized. The results of prioritization showed that informational, distributive, interpersonal and procedural dimensions of justice are the most important in the quality of Whistleblowing, and about the components, justification of informational decisions, equality, fair distribution of information, transparency and honesty and correctness and sufficient information is the most important component.

Considering the importance and place of ethical compliance in the auditing profession in order to protect the public interest, the purpose of this article is to study the relationship between organizational deception and profit seeking in the auditing profession. This research is a survey research and the statistical sample of the research includes 229 auditors working in the audit organization and private audit institutions that are members of the public accountants society. The information needed for the current research was collected by completing a questionnaire in 2023 and using available sampling method. The results of the research show that regardless of gender, level of education and job rank, there is a direct and significant relationship between deception and profit seeking. In other words, with the increase in the level of fraud in auditors, their self-interest increases. Also, the evidence of this research shows that the employment of auditors in private auditing firms is directly related to their profit seeking. In other words, due to the existence of competition in the private audit market, auditors working in the private sector are more deceitful than auditors working in the public sector and seek their personal interests

Financial statements fraud is increasingly a serious problem for businesses, governments and investors have become. In fact, the issue of the reliability of capital markets, bosses and even threaten the auditing profession. Auditors in particular face their apparent inability to detect large-scale fraud, and therefore various methods have been proposed to identify this problem. The aim of this study was to compare different models of traditional and modern simulation and predict fraud in the financial statements. Study the practical approach. Research period 1390 to 1398 and the model of the selected companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been used. In this study, based on three traditional approach, genetic algorithms and methods to predict non-linear Markov switching models have estimated fraud and accuracy.  Based on the prevailing regime in Tehran Stock Exchange regulations fraud is high; According to the results of highest accuracy in predicting fraud regime change and genetic algorithms and logistic highest and the accuracy of the model, respectively.

Today, whistleblowing is an essential mechanism for fraud prevention and detection. This study mainly aims to provide a whistleblowing model for accountants with an emphasis on and combining effective factors. It can be justified by individual and organizational factors. In this context, the most important features were obtained by studying the theoretical foundations, according to which 12 experts were questioned and interviewed. Based on the results, a number of codes were extracted. Then, the proposed model was presented using a factor analysis approach. The results showed an incremental positive effect of personal responsibility, a sense of significance (importance), philosophical attitude, risk-taking, the cultural feature of power distance, a cultural feature of corporate citizenship, organizational commitment, and experiencing similar cases on internal whistleblowing. The results also indicated a decremental negative effect of personal outlays (expenses), occupational or family dependence on offenders (i.e., offender's high influence in the organization), and history of the lax treatment of offenders (i.e., disappointment with the mechanism of handling detected frauds) on internal whistleblowing.

fraud is a global and expanding problem, so that the costs and resources that are lost due to it are very significant and its exact dimensions cannot be determined. this research is aimed at identifying the major causes of fraud and developing a fraud detection model for forensic accountants in Iran.A qualitative method based on multi-grounded theory is used. The statistical society of the research includes experienced experts of the Center of Official Justice Experts with at least 10 years of professional work experience and at least a master's degree. The theoretical method was used for sampling. Also, to collect data, 21 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional experts, based on the rule of theoretical saturation.Based on the results of data analysis, causal factors affecting fraud detection are knowledge of different sciences, relevant skills, and abilities, fraud handling tools, and experience. It also requires strategies at different individual levels, the center of experts and the center of lawyers, the company and the government. To apply and implement strategies, it is necessary to provide a set of contextual conditions including education and research, culture and ethics. Also, the principles of professional ethics, the threat of court accountants, and the lack of supervision of the administrative procedures of cases have a negative impact on the implementation of strategies as intervening conditions. The results of this research can help legislators, regulatory institutions, judicial institutions to improve the quality components of court accounting in order to detect and prevent crimes.

Fraud is the most serious threat to the public interest and capital markets. Due to the lack of information about the phenomenon of fraud and the lack of a complete theoretical framework in the country, the aim of this study was to develop a Pattern of factors affecting the occurrence of fraud in the financial statements of Iranian companies. The present study is based on the theme analysis through purposeful interviews with 21 experts who have cooperated with regulatory and judicial authorities in important cases in investigating the fraud of some Iranian fraudulent companies; It has been done during the years 2020 to 2021. In this study, the reasons affecting the occurrence of fraud in the financial statements of Iranian companies in: 1- Personality factors, personal characteristics and tendencies (narcissism / overconfidence, ethics and commitment, motivation / pressure, justification and personal characteristics), 2- Factors Structure (organizational environment and culture, management (incompetence and motivation / pressure), opportunity / organizational context and 3- macro-organizational factors (economic-industrial and socio-political) along with a subset of each factor, were identified. fraud rhombus, fraud pentagon and other patterns that have been proposed so far on individual factors affecting fraud, The findings of this study are proposed to the Standards Development Committee in order to revise the auditing standard No. 240 and to assist regulatory bodies in identifying the causes of occurrence and combating the phenomenon of fraud.

Institutionalized corruption in a society provides the right platform and opportunity for fraud in financial reporting. In fact, it can be said that the greater the level of corruption in a society, the greater the justification for unethical actions and behaviors, including fraud. This study aims to investigate the effect of financial Corruption on the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting. Thus, we have applies Corruption Perception Index and accountability as indexes of financial Corruption, and also in order to measurement the possibility of fraud we have taken the auditing standards approach Tehran stock exchange listed firms constitute statistical population of the research and the sample was selected imposing conditions of the research variables to 161 firms during 2012-2021. Due to the nature of the dependent variable and the homogeneity of the sample, Logit regression method is used to test the hypotheses. The results also show there is a significant relation between the Corruption Perception Index and fraudulent financial reporting. Also, the results showed that the lower the accountability index, the higher the possibility of fraud in financial reporting.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of corporate governance system in reducing the probability of fraudulent reporting of financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Fraudulent financial reporting in the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using unaudited audit statements, tax differences with the taxation area according to the Income Tax Savings Note and the tax filing clause, and the existence of annual adjustments with The significance and financial statements of the revised financial statements have been weighed. The corporate governance system is also examined from five dimensions. The size of the board of directors, the independence of the board of directors, the number of board meetings, the financial knowledge of the board of directors, and the separation of the board from the CEO as mechanisms of the corporate governance system have been studied and its impact on financial statement fraud. Therefore, due to the importance of fraudulent financial reporting in the financial statements and their effects, 183 companies were selected from Tehran Stock Exchange for a period of 6 years from 2009 to 2020,. The findings of the study show that the size of the board of directors, the financial knowledge of the board of directors and the separation of the role of the board of directors from the CEO did not reduce the power of fraudulent financial reporting.

Managers may engage in unethical behavior, such as the use of abnormal accruals and fraudulent activities, for personal gain and the prevention of violations of debt contracts. In addition, investors' pressure to increase company earning and value can increase the severity of accounting misconduct, Also, behavioral aspects such as investor optimism and attitudes toward the company are among the factors that can influence the incentives of managers to adopt investment policies and earnings reporting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of investors' optimism on probability of fraud, abnormal accruals, and Big-Bath Accounting. In this research, the financial information of 141 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011 to 2020 has been used. The results of this study, using by multivariate linear regression model and panel data method, show that optimism of investors has a positive and significantly in the probability of fraud and abnormal accruals and by the increase of investor optimism, the probability of fraud and abnormal accruals increases. Also, the results showed that investors' optimism reduced the Big-Bath Accounting as one of the aspects of earning management.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of fraud and risk avoidance on investment. This research is an applied research in terms of its nature and descriptive method and in terms of its purpose, and since in the current research the current state of the variables has been analyzed by collecting information through past information, it is in the ranks of descriptive studies. And it is included after the event. In the course of conducting this research, 2 hypotheses were formulated and 130 companies were selected through systematic elimination sampling for a period of 6 years between 1394 and 1399, and the data related to the research variables were collected in Excel software using They were analyzed using Evioz statistical software version 15. The results of the hypothesis test showed that fraud has an adverse effect on investment in companies admitted to the stock exchange. But avoiding risk does not affect the investment in companies listed on the stock exchange.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of organizational skepticism in relation to the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. The statistical population of the research includes; The auditors of reputable auditing firms of the entire stock exchange (members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants) have at least 10 years of experience and have at least a bachelor's degree. Due to the conditionality of the statistical population, the subjects were studied by the available random method. The collected questionnaires were included in the analysis after removing the distorted copies or including incomplete answers in 133 copies. Structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software was used to investigate the relationships. The results showed that there is a relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Also, considering that the coefficient of this variable is estimated to be 0.269, which is a positive value, it is concluded that by increasing the risk of fraud detection, professional skepticism increases. Organizational skepticism was also found to moderate the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism. Given that the value of β is equal to 0.625 and its sign is positive, it can be concluded that by strengthening organizational skepticism, the relationship between the risk of fraud detecting and professional skepticism in auditing firms is strengthened.

Criminal activities, such as fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets; It is a widespread problem that companies around the world face. According to theoretical and empirical research, the most common technique used for fraudulent financial reporting involves the misuse of assets for personal gain, but on the contrary; Fraudulent financial reporting (although it often does not occur) will do the most damage. The main responsibility for preventing and detecting fraud lies with management. However, in addition to management, the board of directors, audit committees, internal auditors and independent auditors all have an important role and responsibility in the ability to rely on reliable financial statements. One of the important tasks of internal auditing is to provide effective assurance services and impartial review of evidence to independently evaluate the processes of corporate governance, internal controls and risk-based detection management to prevent fraud with the aim of minimizing it.

Fraud is a clever manipulation of financial statements by management that misleads users. The accounting literature shows that companies with higher social responsibility are less likely to engage in fraudulent activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility on fraudulent financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The required data has been extracted from Rahavard Novin database and Codal site. Based on the screening method, 165 companies in the period 1390 to 1398 have been selected. The logit regression was also used to test the research hypothesis.

Findings show that social responsibility reporting has a negative effect on fraudulent financial reporting and as the corporate social responsibility score increases, the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting decreases.

Based on the research results, it can be stated that socially responsible companies are more inclined to pursue ethical activities to achieve social welfare. So they have less incentive to engage in fraudulent activity. Social responsibility also increases the company's profitability. As a result, good profitability and lack of financial problems reduce the possibility of fraudulent activity.

 Providing evidence to reduce the likelihood of fraudulent reporting by increasing corporate social responsibility scores raises awareness of users of financial statements and legislatures and improves future economic decisions. The results of this study also expand the accounting literature in the field of fraud and social responsibility.

Trust among traders is one of the bases of markets mechanism and fraud damages existing trust. Therefore, the deleterious impact of fraud on societies and companies is obvious. When fraud occurs, the society expects auditors to detect and report fraud. Therefore, the role of auditors in countering fraud has become increasingly significant. To detect fraud, auditors need to perform a high-quality fraud risk assessment to identify high-risk areas and allocate audit resources to those areas. So, the lack of research in this field has led researchers to identify factors affecting fraud risk assessment using theme analysis method. In the present study, 16 auditing experts were selected through Purposive sampling and snowballing in May and June 2019 and were interviewed. The findings of the interviews were extracted in code and a model tailored to Iranian conditions is presented to conduct a more effective fraud risk assessment. We depict, in this model, the sum of the factors affecting the task in three general categories of individual factors, macro environmental factors and micro environmental factors, which each of them includes more minor factors, and the relationship and interaction of each extracted category. Finally, each of the effective pillars in the task of fraud risk assessment, including the association of certified accountants, auditing firm, audited company, auditors, government, etc., can take a more effective step in fraud risk assessment through the advices provided by experts.

Fraud is one of the effective factors in reducing public confidence in the reports and financial statements prepared by companies. Due to the lack of a complete theoretical framework and the vacuity of fraud laws, the present study was conducted to explain the dimensions of the concept, instances and Indications of fraud in financial statements by theme analysis method, in accordance with environmental conditions. In this study, by interviewing 21 experts who have been selected by purposive sampling method and are members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants or forensic experts and have a history of investigating fraud in large cases of Iranian companies, it has been concluded that the concept of fraud in financial statements has legal dimensions (the need to define fraud in law, mentioning and defining instances of fraud in law), spiritual (intent, deceptive, usually accompanied by collusion) and material (inverting reality, having benefits for the perpetrator and harming the other). Findings of this research also provide general instances of financial statement fraud in five theme (1-forged documents, 2- manipulating with financial statements, 3- disclosure or non-disclosure of relevant information, 4- misapplication of accounting standards, and 5- misuse of assets) In addition, in the sub-theme, it shows instances of rules (some instances mentioned in some current laws of the country), along with a set of objective instances for each sub-theme. In addition, indicates of fraud in financial statements is expressed in the themes of non-financial evidence (formal and structural indications) of fraud and financial indications of fraud. The legislator can use the concept and instances of fraud in this study in definition and also the drafting a law to combat fraud for Iranian companies.

Formulation of Financial Statement Fraud Detection Model Using Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine Approaches in Companies Listed in Tehran Bahador Stock ExchangeAbstract:Nowadays, due to the increasing expansion of financial markets and the need to attract domestic and foreign investors, one of the most important concerns of any company is to finance the correct disclosure of financial information. Artificial and support vector machines were listed at companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is a kind of applied and empirical-correlation research. The statistical population includes the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1972-1999. Recent research has shown that investors in the decision-making process select companies whose profitability is higher and in fact higher quality. The results showed that in the training section the predictive power of the support vector algorithm was about 86% and in the test about 82%. Also, the prediction power of neural network algorithm was 81% in training and 78% in test.

With the increasing of financial fraud and the negative impact this has had on capital market confidence, companies are facing a lot of pressure to prevent and detect financial fraud. In the present study, we try to evaluate the impact of managers 'ability on fraudulent financial reporting and then measure the impact of independent auditors' downward rotation on this relationship.

To conduct this research, the data of 105 companies listed on the stock exchange for the 11-annual period of 2009-2019 have been used. To measure fraud, the Zare genetic planning model (2015) and to measure the ability of managers, the data envelopment analysis technique based on Demarjan model (2013) has been used. Variables are controlled. It is noteworthy that to analyze the data with the help of Stata software version 14, after controlling the effects of the year and industry, logit regression has been used.

Findings from data analysis showed that the ability of managers has a negative effect on fraudulent reporting of companies. The data also show the reject of the second hypothesis of the research regarding the weakening of the relationship between ability and fraud in companies with the downward rotation of auditing firms.

According to the view of high-ranking companies, the ability of CEOs has a significant effect on the probability of fraud, which according to the findings of regression models of research hypotheses; this relationship is in a negative direction. Also, with the mandatory rotation of auditing firms in order to maintain the code of professional conduct, especially the independence of auditors by regulatory bodies, the downward rotation of auditing firms strengthens the relationship between the Managers’ ability and fraud.

The results of the present study, in addition to covering the existing research gap in this field, are a guide for planning regulatory bodies and regulatory organizations in relation to financial fraud. The innovative aspect of the present study is to examine the downward trend of independent auditors.