جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bureaucracy » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Constructive Jihad was formed after the Islamic Revolution to eliminate poverty in the villages and promote agriculture,but neglecting to pay attention to the social order and the philosophical foundations governing it, caused it to become a ministry in a short period of time. The purpose of this article is to show the difference between the organizational logic of constructive jihad and the modern bureaucratic organization at the level of social order analysis and its philosophical foundations. In the following, according to the social theory of Max Weber and Karl Marx, it has been shown how modern western bureaucracy has a relationship with the development of western capitalism. After that, considering Reza Khan's forced modernization and Pahlavi II's capitalist development programs, its effects on the development of western bureaucracy in Iran have been examined. In the next step, referring to the social theory of the Islamic Revolution and its philosophical foundations, with the reading of Morteza Motahari, the components of Constructive Jihad were counted through open, central and selective coding of the codes of 30 interviews and compared with the common bureaucracy components in the Pahlavi period. The findings of the research show that neglecting the analysis of constructive jihad at the level of social theory and the philosophical foundations of the Islamic Revolution, caused the transformation of constructive jihad in the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad.

One of the challenging topics among public administration theorists is the relationship between the two concepts of politics and administration. Various theories have been proposed regarding these two concepts; however, no consensus has been reached, and political science and public administration theorists still struggle to define the boundaries between administration and politics. Today, the concept of the state encompasses both bureaucracy and politics. However, understanding the nature of politics and bureaucracy and their interrelationship is difficult, as each can influence the other. This paper aims to separate the concept of politics from bureaucracy to better understand the extent of their influence. This influence can have positive or negative consequences, depending on the conditions and contexts of different societies. In practice, however, distinguishing between administration and politics is very difficult, and some theorists believe that separating these two concepts is not feasible in practice. Furthermore, this relationship may differ in developed and developing countries, taking on a distinct form. The aim of this paper is to examine and study the relationship between politics and bureaucracy in the public administration of Iran.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

The current research adopts a qualitative approach. To achieve the defined objectives, research data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 11 executive experts from the Ministry of Energy. An inductive thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data and address the research question.

 After collecting and analyzing the data, 95 initial codes were identified. These were categorized and re-examined to extract 24 basic themes, ultimately leading to the identification of 7 organizing themes and a network of themes. The organizing themes include the dependency of decisions on personal opinions, consideration of political power in decisions, nepotism in selecting bureaucrats, the short-term nature of bureaucrats' service, the presence of formalism in selecting bureaucrats, the weakness in utilizing scientific findings and experts, and the weak connection between experts and decision-makers. The findings indicate that the public administration and bureaucracy in Iran have deviated from Weber’s ideal bureaucracy. Previous research has shown that most developed countries have closer alignment with Weber's ideal bureaucracy in their public administration, implementing structural features such as administrative hierarchy, specialization, and meritocracy. Studies have shown that better results in public administration can be achieved if politicians' decisions and policies can be separated from the execution and administration of public affairs.

Limitations & Consequences:

 The final model presented by the researcher may not be generalizable to all public sector organizations.

Practical Consequences: 

The findings of the current research are based solely on one ministry due to the broad scope of the topic, which may pose limitations in terms of generalizability.

Innovation or value of the Article:

 Most studies and research conducted to date on the relationship between politics and administration have been focused on developed countries, and the existing literature is predominantly related to developed countries and modern states. Therefore, the results of studies conducted in developing countries can offer both theoretical and practical innovation. The current research examines the relationship between politics and administration in the public administration of Iran, which, as a developing country, allows for deeper and more precise studies. Ultimately, the results can be used to reform the administrative and political systems. Additionally, this research can help address existing challenges in the country's public administration from a comparative studies perspective.

Bureaucracy is closely related to government in its modern sense. Most of the modern bureaucracies were partially formed as a result of the state-building process. The theory of bureaucracy was proposed by Max Weber with the foundations of modernism and principles such as division of labor, governing rules on relationships, preventing the application of personal tastes, appointment based on merit, etc. But the fact is that bureaucracy has limitations due to its reliance on modernist rationality. Therefore, using the philosophical analytical method, this research investigates and criticizes the principles and foundations of this theory based on the framework of Islamic rationality. Islamic rationality, with a comprehensive look at human existential areas (thoughts, motivations and behaviors) and the corresponding areas of society, shows the contexts, methods and consequences of the emergence and emergence of reason as a divine deposit in human existence. to give The conclusion of this research is that bureaucracy is necessary for human nature and as long as human nature exists independent of revelation teachings, its domination is necessary. Therefore, facing the bureaucracy is not a negative confrontation or setting aside the bureaucracy; Rather, it is achieved through the maturity and excellence of human and society's rationality. This is done in the short term by using the entrepreneurial mechanism of problem solving and in the long term by identifying and employing the most qualified people (in terms of expertise, piety and intelligence).

A customer churn is a person who is on the verge of leaving our services and using the services of competitors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of barriers to customer churn on Service recovery strategies in the banking industry. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive of survey type. The statistical population of the present study is the customers, managers, and deputies of private banks in Khoy city. The number of members of the study community was 35 banks and 378 customers. Using Cochran's formula and available sampling method, the number of samples was estimated to be at least 147 customers and 71 managers. It is worth noting that the questionnaire was used to collect data and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the research data using Amos software. Findings of the present study show that barriers to customer churn have a significant effect on Service recovery strategies. Also, customer attitudes, customer time, physical factors, decision-making power, bank credit, progress, compensation for customer service, bureaucracy, the return of bank errors, management factors, and employee dissatisfaction with the bank have a significant impact on Service recovery strategies.

In the present age, the complexity and changes of the environment are so widespread and dynamic that many organizations are not able to adapt to changes using traditional hierarchical structures. Such conditions force companies to move towards flat and flexible structures. The purpose of this article is to identify and introduce new ways of organizing in today's complex age. To achieve this goal, we examined the literature by reviewing the literature using the library and examining the documents and articles in journals. Finally, by introducing the lattice structure as a new way of organizing, using small work teams and power distribution in the organization can reduce the barriers caused by traditional hierarchical bureaucracies and provide responsiveness, flexibility, creativity, innovation, efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Using such a way of organizing can bring benefits such as Unlimited and multidirectional communication between people, Multidirectional career advancement path, the emergence of creative ideas, balance between life and work, increased morale and happiness, work motivation and commitment to goals in the organization.

This study sought to express the characteristics of Iranian governmental organizations. Properties are used to control corruption in governmental organizations in IRAN. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to elaborate the pattern of governmental organizations with emphasis on controlling corruption. To illustrate the appropriate model, the GTM research approach and emerging approach, which are qualitative methods, were used. The essential and binding basis of the GTM is the use of expert opinions, those with successful experience in this field. Thus, based on interviews with 22 managers of governmental organizations in IRAN who had successful experience in controlling corruption in their organization, the research continued and finally, using the steps outlined in the emerging approach, the research pattern was formed. The themes of the research to illustrate the model include transparency, formalization, ethical organizational culture, organizational evaluation and control, human resource management, leadership, teamwork and stakeholder management. But as Glaser puts it, without presenting a specific graphical pattern, only a set of words can be referenced, each of which can be a guide to the actual code and does not create effective value. However, the family of links or the so-called six theses became the perfect template for integrating the themes expressed and finally explaining the emerging graphical pattern of the research.

The emergence of emerging powers is one of the important characteristics of the international landscape of modern times. The rise of China, India, Brazil, and South Korea has changed the geopolitical paradigms of world politics and is reflected in the international politics of all actors in the international order. Given the acceptable results of these countries in terms of development, the analysis of the nature of the performance of these countries is an undeniable necessity that can be considered as a solution for developing countries in the field of development management.

The point that should not be forgotten is that The world now owes much of its economic growth to emerging economies, they have shown, and when the world's superpowers grapple with economic problems, it is the emerging economies that drive the world economic engine. Case study This study aims to provide a suitable model for development management in developing countries by studying how to manage development in emerging countries. The countries surveyed in this study are South Korea, China and India.

By examining the theoretical foundations, reviewing the research background and also historical-comparative study of the performance of selected countries, the conceptual model of development management in 5 groups and 32 sub-indicators including: Economic development (technology localization, ‌Export development, liberalization and competition, economic globalization, lack Use of underground resources, creation of a secure economic environment and business facilitation laws), political development (formation of parties, expansion of political groups, political integration, citizens' trust in sovereignty and legitimacy), socio-cultural development (use of indigenous culture) , Health, employment and social education, corruption, power distance and collectivism), bureaucracy (high quality of administrative laws, meritocracy, decentralization, abolition of monopolies, appropriate size of government, high quality of government decisions in domestic and foreign affairs, accountability of managers And the implementation of e-government and globalization (having constructive relations with the world, membership in international organizations, neutrality in international conflicts, the attitude of political elites to the international system and how to interact with dominant international actors) were designed.

The questionnaire was researched according to the obtained conceptual model and was distributed among 56 experts in the field of development to validate the research tool model. This number of experts through the Program and Budget Organization, Administrative and Employment Organization and researchers and authors in the field of development and identification Due to the small number of samples, the validation questionnaire was distributed among all 56 experts and then with the help of structural equation modeling and SMART PLS software, the model was approved and each of the dimensions and sub-indicators of development management was ranked.

Were. The results showed that socio-cultural development (power distance), bureaucracy (quality of laws), politics (formation of parties), economy (localization of imported technologies) and globalization (attitude of political elites to the international system) had the greatest role, respectively. Play in the development of emerging countries.

In the early 1990s, industrial democratic governments had major changes in government structures and in the relationship between government and society. This article attempts to define the nature of the changes using the phrase "Govering the Hollow State" to record the changes that have occurred. The null state is raised as a metaphor for describing the nature of the transfer of power and decentralization of services in the central government to both local governments and third parties - nonprofit organizations and private enterprises - which increasingly operate in the name of the state. Became Since governments with this decentralization failed to achieve the goals they wanted, the term "Govering the Hollow State" was formed, indicating the government's failure to outsource services. These failures were raised at three levels: macro level (loss of government legitimacy), middle level (decentralization in service delivery), and micro level (the roles of government employees). In order to better outsource services and prevent such consequences, governments must, at the same time, devise appropriate monitoring service systems, consider the accountability system as a priority, and be able to simultaneously capture the Governmente, private sector and NGO capabilities Offer as a combination.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the structural features of the bureaucracy and identify its functions for establishing a democratic system.

The present study is descriptive in terms of purpose, fundamental, in terms of nature and method, and qualitative in terms of data type. The study population was faculty members of two Salah al-Din universities and Jahan in Iraqi Kurdistan who 23 individuals were selected using Cochran formula and cluster sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews that were identified and coded through theme analysis, sub-themes and related concepts.

The results showed that the structural characteristics of the bureaucracy in the studied community are different from the Weber bureaucracy model. But because of the diversity of the workforce in the administrative system and its cooperation with different parts of the government, it has played an effective role in establishing the democratic system.

There were many changes (referendum) in the studied area at during the survey. Therefore, these changes are likely to affect the views and opinions of the interviewees. Data were also collected among a specific group who are socially and economically in the desirable level. Accordingly, it is necessary to generalize the results of the study, further studies should be conducted between different groups of society at different times.

Considering different views on the relationship between bureaucracy and democracy, it seems necessary democratizing bureaucratic processes in organizations to create democracy in society.

This article is in the area of public administration, which uses a practical approach, explains the better understanding of the relationship between bureaucracy and democracy.

The purpose of this research is to understand the personal and social values of public administrators affecting on the implementation process of approved policies. How the administrators and public servants affect the policies and decisions of policy-makers is a critical issue in public administration; the issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of Public Administration. In this research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty middle managers in five state organizations. The managers were selected through a purposive sampling method. The interview questions, which were extracted from reviewing the related literature, were divided into two groups of personal and social values. Finally, theme analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The research findings on the social values dimension are: Benevolence, Compassion, Commitment to the Public Interest, Sacrifice, Awakening, and Serving, and on the personal values dimension are: Need for Achievement, Deontology, Citizens' Dignity, Flexibility, Organizational Citizenship, Fair and Just Delivery of Public Service, Religious and training issues, Profitability, Lawfulness, and Professionalism. This research did not aim at proposing ethical and behavioral values or codes in the governmental section, yet its purpose was to study the reality of what the administrators and public servants actually do, and the ways they influence the policy makers policies and decisions. Finally, some recommendations

Several studies have been conducted on the negative image of public administration among citizens. Most of these studies have considered the government's inefficiency, and rarely has study the ambivalent look of citizens to public services. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study is to conceptualize and identify it, was conducted in two stages. Initially, bureauphobia was verified by analyzing the information obtained from the evaluation of the performance of governmental organizations. In the next step, by survey the citizens, some of the individual variables that were effective on the bureauphobia were identified. The statistical population of the survey was all citizens 18 to 70. The research instrument was questionnaire and documents. Logistic regression was conducted. The results showed that distrust of the government and public sector's employees were not necessarily related to the performance of public services. The results showed that 29 percent of respondents were bureauphobia. Also, the results indicated that age, gender, education level, and times of referrals are related to bureauphobia, but income and type of occupation with bureauphobia are not significant.

The present research aimed to pathologies emerging ministries in Iran using the descriptive method of the survey research type. The theoretical basis for the research was the system general policy, especially in the administrative system. The study statistical population was the expertise of the planning and budgeting organization. We selected 72 of them related to the topic as an example. A researcher-made questionnaire containing 30 questions on the Likert scale was provided for them. The questionnaire reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.946. To analyze the research data, two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. The study results showed that the merger of ministries did not affect the reduction of bureaucracy, accelerating decision-making, increasing customer responsiveness, reducing human resources and reducing interference of duties, but the state cost was reduced. However, this might have occurred due to factors such as economic sanctions, government revenue cuts, and budget cuts in the administrative sector.

Since language finds bureaucracy a kind of abuse by the public servants of the language and bureaucracy is considered by nature as a controversial speech, no desirable aspects could be found for it and no suitable model could be presented for a relatively negative phenomenon. That is why it is better to use the term 'post - bureaucratic language' instead of the phrase 'suitable model of the language of government '. Thus it would be more appropriate to use the term “post bureaucratic language” instead of a new bureaucracy language pattern.
Hence the objective of this study is to present a model to assess the suitable language of government and to study it within the health and treatment sector of the 11th administration in Tehran. The method of research is of descriptive - quantitative. The used instrument to collect data was the researcher's questionnaire whose validity was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis method. Also in order to assess whether the language of government is suitable, a sample Ti - tech test was used. The results of the study showed that the testing model of the research had a suitable fitting and the desirable language of government in health and treatment sector is at a suitable condition.

One of the theoretical and practical challenges confronted by public bureaucracies is the union or dichotomy between Politics and Administration. Undoubtedly, a degree of interference of politics in administration is not only harmful but it is a manifestation of democracy. Meanwhile, a drastic infusion of politics in administration leads to negative politicization. The object of this research is extracting negative consequences of this kind of politicization in public bureaucracy of Iran. The research has been done in both qualitative and quantitative phases. The findings show that there are two important dimensions of politicization of bureaucracy in Iran: administrative and political. Administrative dimension is classified into three components; learning crisis, bureaucratic dissension and efficiency crisis, and the political dimension includes public justice crisis, participation crisis and acceptability crisis.

the bureaucracy is the common structure of military organizations, which can be facilitating or inhibiting. The inhibiting bureaucracy by way of doing wrong, decreases productivity of the organization. The aim of this study is to describe the views of the staff of a military unit about the bureaucracy. The population was consisted of employees in one of the army’s ground force units. This research is qualitative and is done with phenomenological method. In order to ensure the validity of interviews, the validation method by the respondents was used, and to examine the reliability, the reliability of the method was used between the two coders. The obtained data were analyzed by the method of Van Manen (thematic analysis). The findings of the study were consisted of two themes that include: characteristics of military bureaucracy and military bureaucracy consequences. Features include: excessive paperwork, extensive conservatism, power campaign against the line, process oriented, interpreted the rules in their favor, repetitive, time consuming and costly, imitated, irrationality, power and fascination of observing distance specialist well conflict. Consequences include: the creation of the atmosphere of mistrust, tapping the environment, hypocritical behavior, barley intolerance of tastes differ, evasion of duty, high stress and organizational indifference. Also, the results show that bureaucracy is therefore expanded fearlessly, and it has taken irrational aspects and it's been inclined to obstacle bureaucracy

This paper is mainly focused on identification of the factors that influence the implementation of the tourism policies, which is inherently a complicated issue. This study is considered a fundamental research and applies survey method. The study proposed a model aimed at explaining the implementation of tourism policies. Consequently, seven major factors were identified as influencing it. These factors consist of: 1- identification of the objectives and policies of tourism 2- institutional and political factors influencing the implementation of the tourism policies 3- behavioral and personality traits of the executors 4- expertise of the executors 5- tourism policies actors 6- official and bureaucratic system influencing the complementation of the tourism policies 7- resources and tools influencing the implementation of the tourism policies. Furthermore, the indicators of the enumerated factors were analyzed and presented in the model. To identify components of the models, four rounds of Delphi method were used. Next, T-test and factor analysis were respectively operated to assess the impact of each variable and to check the validation of the model. All the required statistical analyses in this study were carried out using the Lisrel software. Results confirm that that the seven mentioned factors and their subcategories, positively impact the operation of tourism policies.

This survey concerns the quantity based rapid development of supreme education and consequences for university students, professors, structure and function of supreme educational system. The method of the research is qualitative and the instrument in data collection is interview with 26 key persons in technical, engineering and scientific departments at Isfahan University. The results of the article indicate the quantity based development in university as an improper approach and indicate the professor's serious concern. The author concludes the necessity of prioritizing the quality based education and research in supreme education system considering the requirements of society and demands and also changes in the management methods in order to train innovative, creative and entrepreneur human recourses.

Political approach to the administration of public sector shapes certain behaviors in public organizations. A dowry political phenomenon is an outcome of such approach in the administration of public organizations. Political dowry refers to what a political candidate has brought or hopes to inject in a destination organization that based on public treachery (Bytolmal). The author has tried to depict this phenomenon in a conceptual narrative on the basis of the existing knowledge in public administration، organizational theory and political science on the one hand، and his own theoretical knowledge on the other. He also describes the manner of political dowry occurrence، and after analyzing its mechanism in public administration، he explains its organizational and national consequences and gives warnings about its propagation in the country’s public sector administration.

Bureaucracy is became dominant Structure of government، however، language of government is largely became by language of bureaucracy. Many of the problems of public administration are to be traced to، and found in، the language of bureaucracy. This thesis examines the nature of language of government in three decades of Islamic Revolution of Iran and designs efficient pattern of language of government for fourth decade. Methodology was used by Fairclaugh and Van Disk’s critical discourse analysis approaches for studying current situation and Delphi method for designing efficient pattern of language of government. Population is included speeches of public administrators that publish in newspapers. Selected sample was 28 texts in Jomhori Eslami newspaper that theoretical saturation was basis for sampling method and was used theoretic sampling in first step and snowball sampling in second step in Delphi method. Results of study indicates that nature of language of government in three decades of Islamic Revolution of Iran (current situation) is closed to bureaucratic language and efficient pattern of language of government (desirable situation) should move toward to post bureaucratic language; which is honest، nation building، participative، accountable، veneration of citizens، attention to public interests، justice oriented، transparent and ethic oriented language.

The Accountability of Bureaucracy and the quality of political control on it has always been a critical issue in Public Administration. This research was aimed at developing the model of accountability and control system in the rule of Imam Ali and in the framework of relation between democracy and Bureaucracy; so the basic variables are accountability system, control and supervision in his rule. To conduct this research the qualitative method (content analyze) was used and the texts of Imam’s letters and lectures was been analyzed and a comparative study about the context and theoretical and practical models of accountability and control in Imam Ali rule and recent western states was done. The results showed that Imam has used a comprehensive and multidimensional model to develop accountability and control on bureaucracy which includes political control, selfcontrol based on bureaucratic values and public supervision