جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « subjective well » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

Tourism has always been mentioned as one of the methods of spending leisure time and has a significant impact on the human environment, economy and livelihood of people and society.Ensuring that tourists show a civilized behavior and are responsible for the negative consequences of their behavior is important for maintaining the competitiveness of tourist destinations,and the role of beaches has become increasingly important.So,the aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of knowledge of consequences and attributed responsibility on the civilized behavioral intentions of beach tourists.The research method is analytical and the statistical population of this research are travelers and tourists residing in Tehran and Karaj who have traveled to the shores of the Caspian Sea at least once. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the data was analyzed by structural equation method using smartPLS software.Findings showed that personal norms and awareness of the consequences have a positive effect on the behavioral intentions of civilized tourism in the field of coastal tourism,and knowledge of the consequences has a positive effect on the attributed responsibility,attitude towards behavior,mental norms and perceived behavioral control in the field of civilized coastal tourism gives meaning.Therefore,it can be concluded that the more the tourist perceives the usefulness of performing civilized tourism behaviors,the level of his emotional commitment to the occurrence of civilized behavior increases.The formation of civilized behavioral attitude of tourism is not the result of a single factor such as mental norms,but also a combination of factors such as personal norms.

People's increasing use of social media has made customers communicate with each other without any time or place restrictions, and word-of-mouth electronic advertising is becoming more and more pervasive. word-of-mouth electronic advertising(e-WOM) advertising has played an important role in influencing consumer brand perception. As the increasing globalization of markets, consumer oriented tendencies have become an important issue for multi- national companies outside their domestic market. Adjusting for globalization, increasing ethnicity, and increasing interregional competition also pose challenges for international marketing actors and policymakers. While domestic social media executives are eager to understand how to protect their brand, their foreign counterparts are eager to reduce consumerism and gain a foothold in another market. This research, using a marketing strategy framework, creates a new perspective for the study, the impact of word of mouth electronic advertising and subjective norms on brand equity through the mediation of consumer ethnocentrism

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and its data collection method is also descriptive-survey. The research population consisted of all consumers of household appliances in Tabriz city. The data was collected through a standard questionnaire and from 384 consumers of home appliances in Tabriz city by random sampling method. Data analysis was also done through the structural equation modeling method and with Smart pls software and SPSS.

The findings of the research are manifold. The first hypothesis states that positive electronic word-of-mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on consumer ethnocentrism. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.019 and the significance T-value is equal to 0.315, which is smaller than 1.96, which indicates the non-significance of the effect of positive electronic word-of-mouth advertising on consumer ethnocentrism. The second hypothesis states that negative electronic word-of-mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on consumer ethnocentrism. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.230 and the significance T-value is equal to 3.796, which is greater than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the negative effect of electronic word-of-mouth advertising on consumer ethnocentrism. The third hypothesis states that positive electronic word-of-mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on brand equity. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.289 and the significance T-value is equal to 4.987, which is greater than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the positive effect of electronic word-of-mouth advertising on brand equity. The fourth hypothesis states that negative electronic word-of-mouth advertising has a positive and significant effect on brand equity. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.045 and the significance T-value is equal to 0.601, which is smaller than 1.96, which confirms the null hypothesis and the effect of electronic word-of-mouth advertising on brand equity is not significant. The fifth hypothesis states that consumer ethnocentrism has a positive and significant effect on brand equity. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.266 and the significance T-value is equal to 4.362, which is greater than 1.96, which indicates the significant effect of consumer ethnocentrism on brand equity. The null hypothesis of this hypothesis is not confirmed. The sixth hypothesis is that consumer subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on consumer ethnocentrism. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to 0.37 and the significance T-value is equal to 5.439, which is greater than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the influence of consumer subjective norms on consumer ethnocentrism. The seventh hypothesis states that the consumer subjective norms has a positive and significant effect on brand equity. According to the obtained results, the path coefficient is equal to the number 0.315 and the significance T-value is equal to the number 3.424, which is greater than the number 1.96, which indicates the significance of the influence of the consumer subjective norms on brand equity. 

This study suggests that companies try to identify and investigate the factors that cause positive word of mouth electronic advertising by managing the flow of electronic word of mouth, turning negative electronic word of mouth into positive word of mouth advertising, which in turn increases brand equity. Advertising has a very important role in influencing the way consumers perceive, which in turn affects consumer ethnocentrism. Negative electronic word of mouth reduces consumer ethnocentrism in that negative comments can reduce consumer trust, which in turn can reduce consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Positive electronic word-of-mouth advertising will further increase consumer belief in brand credibility and performance, which will result in increased brand equity.

The “Business registration “ is a mechanism for identifying merchants and distinguishing them from non-merchants that has been the focused by the legislators of the Civil Law countries due to its especial legal effects for ensuring transaction security. However, different countries based on their needs assessments and their fundamental foundations in the objective, subjective or mixed commercial law system, have predicted a model of merchants’ registration systems that has fundamental differences from each other and shows different legal functions. Therefore, the question is what functions does the merchants’ registration basically provide, and according to these functions, what are the types of merchants’ registration systems. This study with comparative- analytical view has concluded that “ Merchants’ Registration” has come into existence with the two goals of “Accelerating, facilitating and guaranteeing commercial operations” in the private sector and “governance control and supervision of commerce” in the public sector; And in this field, the legal systems have used three different models based on the “role of business register book in recognition of merchant “ component, that registration mechanism based on an objective system is more efficient than two other in fulfilling the expected legal functions; In this regard, some legal reforms are recommended for the implementation of the objective registration system in Iranian law.

In this paper, the discussion about the civil liability of minors and mental patients has been discussed in the form of a comparative study, with the descriptive-analytical research method. And this central question has been answered that basically, what criteria should be used to measure the harmful behavior of minors and people with mental disorders?. A look at the history of civil liability clearly indicates that the law of civil liability has always been at a dilemma  in answering this question: On the one hand, emotional, moral, fairness and substantive justice issues require the determination or modification of the civil  liability of these people, and on the other hand, the final goal of the law of civil liability, i.e. restoring the previous situation and compensating for unjustified losses, complex personal explorations, mental and psychological explorations encountered with serious doubts!. These doubts have caused the legal systems to choose different points of view in this regard: Some have taken the side of the loser and defended the rule of objective criteria in the law of civil liability. And some people are also inclined towards supporting the minor and the insane and have adopted the subjective criterion of fault; Despite this, it seems that we should choose a middle approach and use the " Relative objectivity " criterion as a criterion for evaluating the behavior of minors and patients with mental disorders and based on this, proposed a more flexible and disciplined interpretation of "conventional behavior" in Articles 951 to 953 of the Civil Code.

This survey study sought to investigate the effect of cognitive risk perception induced by the subjective norms attitude on tourists' behavioral intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study comprised all tourists who visited the cultural and historical sites of Shiraz City, Iran, out of whom 384 people were selected through convenient sampling using the Cochran formula with a 95% confidence level. To collect the required data, a researcher-developed questionnaire on the “effect of tourists' perception on their target destinations during the Covid-19 pandemic” was administered to the participants. The collected data were then analyzed using Amos software and SPSS software. On the other hand, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were measured via Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Accordingly, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, composite reliability, and Average Variance Extracted values were reported as over 0.7, 0.7, and 0.5, thus confirming the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Finally, the structural equation model was used to test the research hypotheses and the relationships between research variables (cognitive risk, behavioral intentions, and subjective norms). The findings of the study suggested that cognitive risk perception positively affected tourists' behavioral intentions through their subjective norms and attitude. Moreover, attitude was recognized as a significant mediator between risk perception and behavioral intentions, while subjective norms mediated the relationship between cognitive perception and behavioral intentions.

Self-efficacy is a useful concept to explain human behavior and also plays an important role in identifying the choice, level of effort and perseverance of individuals, and in today's society due to unemployment in various fields, the importance of entrepreneurship has increased. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention with the mediating role of components of the theory of planned behavior among students of Mashhad universities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population included students of non-profit universities in Mashhad that 239 people were selected as the sample size using the sampling method in structural equation modeling. In order to collect data, a standard questionnaire was used, the face and content validity of which was confirmed in the formulation of items and in a quantitative dimension of factor analysis. The reliability of the instrument has also been calculated and verified through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data were analyzed using structural equation method using SPS25 and PiLAS3 software. Findings of this study show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a direct effect on the components of the theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy indirectly affects the intention of entrepreneurship through the components of the theory of planned behavior. Also, the components of the theory of planned behavior directly affect the entrepreneurial intention, among which the variable of attitude towards entrepreneurship has the greatest effect on entrepreneurial intention.

Islamic finance includes all operations, services, as well as transactions that take place in the financial markets and are in accordance with the principles, rules and laws of Islam and the Holy Sharia. This study aimed to develop Determinants of Attitude and Intention towards Islamic Financing Adoption in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research was applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method of work. The statistical population of the present study includes investors active in the capital market and familiar with new Islamic financing instruments, especially managers and traders of stock exchange companies. For the mentioned unlimited community, a sample of 384 people was selected by available sampling method and a questionnaire was used to collect research data. After confirming the validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed and collected among the statistical population and the obtained data were tested. The results reveal that all determinants of attitude include Knowledge and Awareness, Religion obligation, Cost benefits, Business support & Reputation are significant and the relationship between Attitude, Subjective norms & Perceived Behavioral Control with Intention to adopt Islamic financing was confirmed.

Research on the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention has recently attracted surging attention. However, there are limited studies focusing on indirect factors impacting entrepreneurial intention and comparing the findings across a developed and a developing country. Therefore, in this research, based on the theories of planned behaviour and entrepreneurial passion, we discuss the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion in the relationship between personal attitude and entrepreneurial intention as well as in the relationship between subjective norm and entrepreneurial intention. Quantitative data were collected from 122 and 260 undergraduate students in England and Iran, respectively, and were analysed by structural equation modelling in AMOS. The findings show that, contrary to the predictions of the mentioned theories, entrepreneurial passion also has a direct and positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Also, entrepreneurial passion partially mediates the relationship between personal attitude and entrepreneurial intention in both countries. However, passion fully mediates the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention in Iran, and partially in England. Our findings thus illustrate that to strengthen entrepreneurial intention, policymakers should develop policies to enhance entrepreneurial personal attitudes, and subjective norms to encourage entrepreneurial passion and consequently entrepreneurial intention.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different gamification mechanics on the user engagement in mobile applications using objective and subjective data. In this study, we evaluated user engagement in “BESHNO” audiobook application as a case study by comparison between results of objective and subjective data. The research method of this study is descriptive-correlational, causal-comparative and experimental. The sample size of this study is 390 users of the "BESHNO" audio book application (130 users per each gamification mechanic). The results of this study showed that based on the objective and subjective data analysis, using different gamification mechanics has a different effect on the amount and dimensions of user engagement. There is also a significant difference between the findings of objective and subjective data analysis regarding the level of user engagement. However, there is a similar pattern in objective and subjective data analysis when using different gamification mechanics. In addition, the results of this study showed that the "Badge" gamification mechanic is the most effective and the "Reward" gamification mechanic is the least effective mechanics on user engagement.

Environmental issues, such as global warming and climate change, are driving consumers to change consumption behaviors. For example, the purchase of green products has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health consciousness, religious environmental values, subjective and personal norms, and personality on the purchase intention of the home energy management system and also to investigate the effect of the purchase intention on the willingness to pay for home energy management system. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study is energy-efficient appliances customers in Iran who are at least 18 years old and have a diploma. The sample size was 384 people based on the Morgan table. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity, and reliability of this questionnaire were also confirmed. To analyze the data from structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach. The results showed that subjective norms, personal norms, and the personality trait of openness influence the purchase intention, and the purchase intention leads to the willingness to pay. The research findings provide important research and practical suggestions to green product manufacturing companies, construction companies, marketing managers, architects, and building engineers.

The aim of the present study is to explore aspects of consumer behavior, with an emphasis on inbound and outbound marketing. From the qualitative point of view, the grounded theory method has been used. The statistical population of the present study in the qualitative section was formed by academic experts and in the quantitative section, "Consumers of consumer goods in Tehran" and the statistical sample of the quantitative section, the current research is 385 people. In the qualitative part of the present study, using open, axial and selective coding, an attempt was made to create the data obtained in 10 interviews to create a research process model.In the qualitative section, the research results are presented in the form of process and contextual models of consumer behavior with emphasis on inbound and outbound marketing, which consists of a structured model of semantic variables, inbound and outbound marketing, content effectiveness and social convergence of advertising.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model to evaluate the effect of different elements of Gamification on the extent and dimensions of brand user engagement. The case study is "Beshno" audio book application. This research consists of two main stages. In the first stage, a model extracted to evaluate the effect of Gamification on brand engagement through a qualitative research, and in the second stage, the effect of using different gamification mechanics studied on brand engagement based on objective and subjective data analisys. The research method of this study is mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part, we used the theme analysis method and in the quantitative part, the causal-comparison method and data analysis of variance tests have been used. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section includes a group of experts and specialists in the field of gamification and in the quantitative section; we used "Beshno" App users. The sample size of this research was 7 people in the qualitative section and 390 users in the quantitative section. The results of this research in the first part was a model of the effect of gamification on brand engagement , also the results of the second part  determined the effect of using different gamification mechanics on the amount and dimensions of brand engagement by using both objective and subjectiv data analysis. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the findings of objective and subjective data analysis, although a similar pattern seen in comparing both analysis. Based on the results, the "Badge" gamification mechanics creates the highest brand engagement and the "award" gamification mechanics creates the lowest brand engagement. Findings of this study showed that demographic variables also affect the degree of brand engagement in each gamification mechanic.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trust, customer service and convenience on Intention to Shop Online by mediating role of Attitude towards Online Shopping. This research in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection method, is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population is the audience that has bought at least twice the Digistyle online store on Instagram. Considering that the number of statistical population at the time of distribution of the questionnaire was 290 thousand people, based on Cochran's formula, 384 samples were selected to test the hypotheses using available sampling method The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha and the validity of the tool was confirmed by the content method   and calculating the content validity ratio formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS and lisrel software and the research hypotheses were tested. Findings indicate that “trust (in online shopping)”, “convenience (in online shopping)” and “customer service (in online shopping)” has had a positive effect on “attitude towards online shopping”. As well as the variables “trust (in online shopping)”, “convenience (in online shopping)”, “attitude towards online shopping” and “subjective norm” has a positive effect on the “intention to shop online”. However, the effect of “customer service (in online shopping)” on “intention to shop online” is not significant.

This study aimed to identify the subjective typology of tourists in terms of the meanings of tourism destinations in Shiraz city. This study is applied research in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of method. Given the purpose of this research based on identifying the subjective typology, the Q method was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of individuals who had at least once traveled to Shiraz. The sampling method in this study was based on Purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using Q factor analysis. The exploratory Q factor analysis process consists of two steps: extracting the factors and then rotating them so that they can be interpreted. The findings of this study identified seven subjective types for tourism destination meanings in Shiraz; these types of typology were as follows: enthusiasts, collectivists, adventurers, relaxation searchers, self-reflections, differentiators, and reminders. Finally, these extracted mentalities were interpreted. This research provided a practical approach for tourism destination managers and activists in this field and hospitality sector to segment the market based on the meaning of tourism destination. And then each of segment target and marketing plans design.

The exploding boom of social networks has a very serious effect on human life. Social networks are recognized as the driving force in e-commerce and in some way or another have evolved the interpersonal relationship and also intercompany relations. This phenomenon has happened distinctly in the tourism industry; since tourist contact other people in different phases of the trip for scheduling and other things, especially when they are searching for information. Present study aims to discuss effective factors on sharing knowledge on tourism destination. This study is of practical nature and from the way of doing perspective it is of descriptive- scaling nature. Statistical population is Iranian users of Instagram social network who check tourism pages for determining the tourism destinations. Also 420 users are selected in multistage sampling in order to gather information. Data analysis is done by modeling structural equations with the help of Lisrel software which is shown that perceived ease of use on utilitarian beliefs, belief in integrity and subjective norms has a positive and meaningful effect. Subjective norms are also effective on switching costs and attitude toward sharing knowledge; finally personal attitude of the person are verified against on his/her Intention to share knowledge.

One of the important factors in shaping the quality of tourists' mental perception of the monument is the quantity and quality of architectural elements, both tangible and intangible elements, which the tourist judges in his mind after visiting. This study aimed to investigate the role of architectural elements of historical monuments in Hamadan in shaping the quality of tourists' mental perception. The research method is mixed (qualitative than quantitative). The results of qualitative research findings showed that tourists, depending on their characteristics, receive different meanings from seeing a historical monument. Also, the results showed that the variables of patterns, inscriptions, plastering, and tiling have the highest frequency among tourist interviews and have a great impact on creating mental quality. In the quantitative findings section, the results of regression test showed that the variables of designs and inscriptions are R2 = 0.841, historical history of the building = R2 = 0.542, plastering and tiling = R2 = 0.509, date of construction = R2 = 0.489, respectively. Entrances and windows = R2 = 0.403, materials, brickwork and structure shape = R2 = 0.388, landscape = R2 = 0.369 and structural proportions = R2 = 0.610 have a significant relationship with the quality of mental perception. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the role of architectural elements in the quality of tourists 'mental perception by age, gender, level of education and previous tourist experience in visiting the monument in all eight dimensions of factors affecting the quality of tourists' mental perception at 000 / 0 was significant. Among these, the literacy level variable with the value of F = 12.478 had the highest expectation from the three groups.

The importance of the mediating role of brand love in the development of loyalty and word-of-mouth advertising makes the identification and conceptualization of this emerging concept in marketing necessary. The aim of the present study was to explain the nature of brand love using the systematic review approach of the literature by identifying the dimensions of brand love and separating the nature criteria of the essence and width based on the threefold division of emotional, volitional, and cognitive mental criteria. The conceptual model of the present study consisted of two levels and three layers, the levels of which were the criteria of nature and the layers of which were the subjective (mental) criteria. The results showed the existence of 8 items of the 28 identified dimensions in the form of the essence of brand love, which had 4 cases of cognitive criteria and 3 and 1 cases of volitional and emotional criteria, respectively. The important role of cognitive and volitional factors in the phenomenon of brand love was another important result of the present study.