جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Terminology » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Language is one of the most important human inventions in communicating. It seems that every knowledge arises from a paradigm and is defined with its own words; Because words make it possible to transfer knowledge and show their epistemological point of view. Also, specialized terms and their definitions have a basic role in transferring concepts and expanding science. Therefore, it seems that their imprecise application, especially in research activities, can lead to a deviation in the recognition of the researcher's intellectual paradigm and subsequently question the question and objectives, theoretical and operational solutions, findings and especially the research results. Therefore, the present study tries to define the word "challenge" correctly and explain a framework of its criteria in the field of urban research, especially sustainable tourism, and then analyze the content of domestic and foreign articles on sustainable tourism and finally compare their attitude with this term.

In this section, in order to dissect the research and analyze the fundamental elements of its methodological structure, the adapted model of onion research by Saunders has been used. Based on this, the paradigm of this interpretative-critical research and its logic is questioning; The research is qualitative and the information gathering strategy is a library; The research method is systematic content analysis, which with the aim of achieving a comprehensive definition of the word "challenge" in the researches of urban planners in the subject area of sustainable tourism, collected the necessary information through library studies and questionnaires and used the systematic content analysis method. In order to complete the questionnaires, ten experts were selected by non-probability snowball sampling method. In fact, this research has tried to achieve a comprehensive definition of the word challenge by combining the common definitions of domestic and foreign researches and extracting its criteria; Then confirm their authenticity by experts. In the next step, based on the extracted criteria and using the method of systematic content analysis, the systematic and comprehensive review and interpretation of the content of sustainable tourism research and the analysis of researchers' attitude regarding the word "challenge" have been done. Therefore, the current research is based on five stages, including determining the purpose of the study, collecting research data, coding the units of analysis, classification and interpretive evaluation of the conducted categories.

Based on the results of this research, the desired definition of the word "challenge" in tourism research is: "A challenge is a new condition and situation that introduces issues and problems into various areas and dimensions, from outside the urban system, and influences its future trajectory; depending on its scale, the urban system requires the responsible and active deployment of all its potential and actual capabilities in order to provide promising solutions to overcome prevailing conditions and achieve desired goals." Ultimately, based on a comparative analysis of forty domestic and foreign articles, it seems that currently, some domestic researchers do not have a clear and accurate understanding of the term "challenge" according to the defined criteria.

It appears that one of the main reasons for the difference in attitude towards the term "challenge" in domestic and foreign research is the literal translation of this term into Persian; which should be considered in future research to take into account all aspects of the concept and its criteria.

Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective implications in a specific field, additionally, the consideration of such terms and their utilization. Terminology is one of the most essential aspects of any field of study. This gives an understanding of the concepts and contextual information to how you will be using those concepts. In archaeology, like all other sciences, we need to create and revise some concepts. This article proposes to establish a universal definition of the phenomenon of Domestication. Domestication is the adaptation of a plant or animal from a wild or natural state to life in close association with humans. In this research, the etymology and definitions of the phenomenon of Domestication are considered, followed by its evolution across the literature. This article defines some specialized terms of the Neolithic process in domestication, which is the driving force behind the dynamics of archaeological patterns and the transition from historical-cultural archeology to processual archaeology following the change from threshold to process and long-term formations. However, Iranian archeology has not yet kept pace with this dynamic. The picture provided for the users of archeology is a static image of science, and it is implied that science is a fixed and unchanging reality. This essay aims to demonstrate the difficulties and flaws in archaeological information transmission when scientific language is not prepared. The need to disseminate new knowledge and technology is one motivation for solving this problem. Archaeological research in Iran is now undergoing a crucial shift from traditional to processual methods. Studies of the Neolithic process are only starting in many locations, and terminology-related issues must be addressed. The result of this research is the ascertainment that adopting a universal definition of the phenomenon of Domestication is absolutely paramount in order to progress on all animal and plant-related matters.

In the process of rapid changes in the world, tourism is no longer just a journey of horizons, learning lessons, and moral experience, but is defined as a meaning-making phenomenon based on the actors' understanding of it under the economic-cultural background in every society. The diversity and multiplicity of actors and fields of tourism formation have led to the formation of colorful definitions of tourism. In the review of the existing definitions, characteristics and features of tourism were extracted and divided under the title of fundamental and desirable principles of tourism, but none of the definitions included these principles and features at the same time. However, even if a definition includes all of the principles, there are other essential features to understand and describe tourism as a multidimensional activity that is necessary but left out or ignored. The main goal of this research is to extract and infer the abandoned or neglected characteristics of tourism in order to redefine it.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The current research follows a descriptive-exploratory method in terms of its purpose and is a mixed study, composed of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.  In terms of the audience, this study is basic research.

The findings were reported in the form of existing definitions and characteristics of tourism (thesis), neglected characteristics of tourism (antithesis), and interpretation and combination of existing and neglected characteristics of tourism and its redefinition (synthesis).

As an important result of this research, in order to define tourism, it is necessary to first define the philosophical source and approach of definition and its position in the value system of the society; is it supply-oriented, demand-oriented, or holistic? In addition, within each approach, the full features of that approach should be considered. For this purpose, the concepts can be categorized and elementized so that the definition is not lost in the heart of words and concepts, and then the categories and elements are described in a continuum.

Originality/value:

 By emphasizing that "tourism is tourism", a redefinition of tourism was presented by combining existing definitions and newly identified elements.

Technical Term Network (TTN) is an innovative method to find similarities among texts by matching technical and scientific terms used in them. This model, inspired by and built based on the semantic network of linguistics, is effective in finding the primary sources of a book and recognizing the identity of an unknown text. The treatises of mathematics and especially arithmetic ones are very similar to each other due to their logical structure; this issue sometimes causes faults in identifying the title and author of the work, especially if the copy is acephalous, i.e. missing the beginning of the text, mistaking some original Persian texts for translations, or confusing works with similar content in cataloging manuscripts in such a way. In many cases, the mentioned inaccuracies have been repeated by the researchers who rely on the information of the indexes. This research aims to introduce a new method in the classification of texts and manuscripts, especially arithmetic sources in the Islamic period (5th-13th centuries AH/11th-18th centuries AD), in order to take a novel approach by means of a targeted search instead of adapting the total content of the texts, to criticize their sources and recognize their identities.

Dahaghan has been one of the regions with nice climate, fertile and suitable for agriculture since long time ago. Due to the fertility of the Dehaghan land, in the past, people were engaged in the cultivation of wheat, barley, beans, etc. in the form of peasant, lords and small owners in a traditional way, but via modernization of agriculture, this profession has shown a new form. Agriculture has traditionally been associated with certain words and terms that still remain among old people and middle-aged ones. The anxiety of these words and terms destruction and the need to preserve them made the writers to collect these words. Using the field and library method, this research has investigated the words and expressions related to planting and harvesting, wheat farmers' songs, proverbs and the irrigation method of agricultural products relying on the cultivation of wheat and barley in Dahaghan. From examining the set of beliefs as well as common words and expressions among peasant farmers, it becomes clear that this city has a long-lasting and original culture and has preserved a set of rituals, words and expressions very ancient and pure.

The lack of systematic reading of architectural works in society has led to a failure in improving design quality, as exemplified by the use of the term "bazaar" in ancient texts. This research investigates the relationships and influence of the word "bazaar" on shaping the overall meaning of architectural works from the 3rd to the 8th Hijri centuries. The structure of perception and cognition is closely intertwined. Certain words and terms employed by people are now rarely used and are sometimes unfamiliar. The Persian language tends to emphasize quantitative aspects rather than qualitative ones. Delving into the concept of the bazaar in textual sources not only addresses the qualitative dimensions of our cultural heritage but also acquaints us with the wisdom, experiences, and viewpoints of our predecessors, paving the way for novel conceptualizations grounded in their achievements. To comprehend the concept of the bazaar in Persian poetry, this study adopts a qualitative research methodology employing a case study with a summarization approach. Poets who have significantly contributed to shaping the Persian language have been selected. Through the retention of meanings employed within the research timeframe and the identification of the word "bazaar" and its various combinations, the concept has been delineated and categorized. A review of the literature underscores that knowledge of the bazaar and its cultural impacts has transcended geographical and temporal boundaries. A meaningful correlation exists between concepts and spatial arrangements. The term "bazaar" stands as one of the most frequently used words in poetry, taking on diverse meanings while maintaining a consistent appearance. It serves both descriptive and narrative roles, simultaneously embodying moral attributes and providing a gateway to comprehending its semantic essence.

Conceptual classification of words is one of the topics that has long been considered by researchers in the field of conceptology and terminology. The present study was conducted with the aim of conceptual classification of Persian derivative and compound words and for this purpose, 660 derivative and compound words that were extracted from the ‘A dictionary of Persian orthography and spelling’ (Sadeghi and Zandi-Moghaddam, 2015) by systematic random sampling have been analyzed and examined based on two conceptual classifications presented by Felber (1984) and Weissenhofer (1995). The results of this analysis showed that these two classifications are not able to cover all research data and only part of the data can be classified based on them. Then, in order to eliminate the shortcomings of these two classifications and achieve a comprehensive conceptual system, conceptualization was performed on the data, which resulted in the identification of 54 separate underlying concepts, which was finally presented in the form of a systematic classification model. In this model, all identified concepts are organized into five general groups: (1) Process, which itself is divided into two main categories of action and event; (2) Entity, which itself includes the two major categories of physical entity and abstract entity; (3) Relationship; (4) Status; and (5) Property.

Explaining the meanings of the words of Quran to understand the serious purpose of God in the verses of Quran, is common among Muslims in a way that vocabulary analysis can be considered an integral part of the Quranic interpretations. Martyr Motahhari is among those who in parts of his oral and written works in accordance with his audience, has studied some of the words of Quran and has organized them as an introduction to interpretative topics. The present article tries to study the ways of explaining the Quranic words in the collection of Martyr Motahhari's works to analyze his methods in explaining the words. The findings show that among the most important methods of explaining the words of the Quran in the works of martyr Motahhari include: paying attention to the root and derivation of the word, considering the rules of Arabic literature, examining some expressions of pre-Islamic Arabic, looking at synonyms, considering verses, using narratives and analyzing the evolution of the meaning of the word in modern idiomatic meanings. Using various sources, Professor Motahhari has not used a same method to explain the meaning of words, and in each word, he has chosen one or more methods, and in some cases has challenged the opinions of scholars.

One of the factors influencing the interpretation of the Qur'an according to the efforts of commentators is the search for the meanings of Qur'anic words, which in some cases for reasons such as lack of attention to the exact meaning of the root, the existence of verbal commonality in some words, confusion of true meaning from virtual There are also secondary differences between the commentators. The present article seeks to explain the role of lexicography in the interpretation of the Holy Quran, which has been done with the approach of hapax research and its purpose is to express the achievements of lexicography in the field of interpretation, which has been done by inferential and reasoning methods. It is noteworthy that due to the limitations of the study of evolution, the study of word derivations in Arabic and its equivalence in sister languages, has had significant effects on the discovery of the meaning of the word. The achievements of lexicography include reducing the possibilities of interpretation, scientific critique of interpretations and correction of translations, formation of new interpretive theories, navigating interdisciplinary studies and the possibility of interpreting verses using the semantic capacities of words in other languages.

The Holy Qur’an is a lingual text. Communicating with this text, whether in a simple or complex form, is possible only through language. The humanities will also be able to use and communicate with the Qur’an if it establishes a strong linguistic relationship with it. This linguistic communication takes place in two stages. The first stage is when the researcher chooses a specific term to examine in the Qur’an. The second stage is when the person chooses the appropriate Qur’anic equivalents in accordance with the chosen term. In both stages, we face the specific language relationship and its specific challenges. In order to identify the complexities of the latter stage, the present article, using a linguistic approach, introduces six types of these challenges and provides an example for each. Misunderstandings due to transformability, misunderstandings due to being automated, misunderstandings due to complexity, misunderstandings due to similarity, misunderstandings due to discourse differences, and misunderstandings due to being translation-oriented are pathologies that are significant at this stage.

The importance of words and their role in drawing the intellectual space is not hidden from anyone. Changes in the basic and theoretical concepts of science create the opportunity for new attitudes and the creation of new theoretical concepts in a scientific order. On the other hand, changing the basic concepts requires changing the terminology to prevent the mentality of the scientific community from interfering and overlapping with the previous concepts. The creation of new concepts that are the result of scientific advances in various fields requires a redefinition of the terminology system in that branch of science. Due to the current situation of research in the field of geomorphology, which is mainly focused on the applied sectors and less development of the basic principles has been done, fundamental research and terminological development and the development of the fundamentals of this branch of science are felt. In this research, with the aim of terminological development and development of theoretical roots of geomorphology in the form of a basic research and in general order to provide a redefinition of the hierarchical structure of morphology in the field of geomorphology, the research has been planned. Different branches of science face different phases during their growth and development. In this study, two main phases that affect scientific networks in different periods called static terminological phase and dynamic terminological phase are explained. From a brief overview of the research trends governing the science of geomorphology, infertility in the creation of new concepts and meanings can be inferred that can be attributed to the terms of the static phase of terminology. Coming out of static terminological conditions and entering dynamic conditions requires more attention to fundamental studies and redefining pre-existing concepts in the form of new terminology. In this regard, the basic morphological structure in geomorphology (including 7 levels: Land concept, Land space, Landscape, Landform, Land Feature, Land Object), relationship structures (Hierarchical or non-hierarchical relationships, intra and inter-level relationships, one-way and two-way relationship), scale levels (including: universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local, pointwise), and flow of energy are explained.

Different branches of science face different phases during their growth and development. Two main phases that affect scientific networks in different periods, in this research, are named and explained Dynamic Terminological Phase (DTP) and Static Terminological Phase (STP). Given that the theoretical development of different branches of science is associated with terminological development and this relationship is a kind of interrelated relationship, in the dynamic phase of terminology, different branches of science, are more dynamic which this would be reflected in the terminological production volume. In the other phase, the volume of terminological production is reduced and is a kind of response to scientific stagnation, which is called the static phase of terminology, and is an indicator of fundamental stagnation and scientific development in that branch of science. Formerly, form units in geomorphology have been considered based on units of landscape, land view, land form and land feature (Ramesht, 1384, 15). In the classification presented in this research, the resolution of the classification system and their leveling is presented in a different way. The distinctive feature of the recently proposed structure is its higher resolution as well as its semantic nature.In this hierarchical system, each form unit can contain a number of sub-units. From the combination of seven hierarchical units of form, the structure of modern morphology in geomorphology is formulated, the largest unit of morphology unit in this structure is land concept and the smallest unit is land-object. In this structure the land concept, land space, land context, landscape, landform, land feature, land object, have universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local, and point-wise scales, respectively. The scale levels are also classified into four Major classes: Mega, Macro, Meso, and Micro. In the proposed formulation structure, 10 different types of interaction and relationship that are related to the structure of this structure, are explained. These relationships can be hierarchical or non-hierarchical, intra-level or inter-level, one-way or two-way. From the combination of the above states, ten relations are created. morphic relations in this form structure can be divided and classified into two main groups: vertical and horizontal.

The nature of the current space governing the science of geomorphology, which is itself a function of the space of the scientific community as a whole, indicates a stagnation in the birth of concepts and being in a static terminological phase. Such conditions justify the need for such fundamental studies in order to open new spaces. With this explanation, monitoring the content and semantic space of geomorphology, it seems that this science, like many other sciences, is in a static phase of terminology. This issue can, over time, damage the meaning and spirit of a scientific discipline. In this research, the solution to get out of this space and try to enter the dynamic terminological phase, through the design of new meanings in the form of new terminology has been considered. In this regard, the basic formulation system that was proposed in geomorphology with a completely new structure and different hierarchical levels, has been configured and developed in the form of a new terminological design. This new system of morphology is presented in 7 different levels, including: Land Concept, Land Space, Land Context, Land scape, Land form, Land feature and Land object is Provided.In the proposed morphological structure, 10 different types of relationships and the relationship that these relationships have with the morphological structure are explained.Scale The studies at each of the hierarchical levels of the proposed morphological system are explained on a universal, global, regional, zonal, focal, local and point scale, respectively.

This writing has dealt with the semantics of the phrase “‘aqala ‘an Allāh” in traditions. For this reason, the literal meaning of the verb “‘aqala” has been presented and its applications when associated with the particle “‘an” has been collected and classified. Based on this, the phrase “‘aqala ‘an” in the traditions dealing with jurisprudence denotes “to undertake and to pay another person’s compensation for unintentional injury (diat all-khaṭa’). In non-jurisprudential traditions, however, “‘aqala” denotes: learning, receiving and keeping in mind. In this field, the above phrase has been associated with the blessed word of Allah, so it denotes learning and receiving from God. In most of these usages the indirect object is not mentioned, however, it exists and is implied, because the verb “‘aqala” is a transitive one and requires an object. Considering the object “amrah” in certain usages along with the context of the traditions, one can consider the object as the divine Command or Affair, and the above phrase as learning and receiving the divine commands from God or whatever relates to His affair, whether this receiving be through the messengers of God or through paying attention to the call of one’s natural disposition (fiṭra).

Philosophical theology and theological philosophy are two emerging terms in the field of Islamic sciences. The present study, with a terminological approach (terminology) and inductive method, seeks to determine the position of these two terms in the comprehensive system of the Dictionary of Islamic Sciences. Accordingly, he has explored statements and writings that have either been in the position of explaining the meaning of these two terms or have used them to express their intentions, without specifying their meaning and purpose. The most important results of the research are as follows: The origin of both terms is methodological issues; Hence, "in terms of division" in both terms is "methodology". Regarding the meanings of the two terms, the difference in the meanings desired by the users of each of these two words is such that it cannot be referred to the single meaning and can only be justified by the promise of verbal sharing. All applications of "philosophical theology" and some applications of "theological philosophy" are related to the field of knowledge of Islamic theology. The proposal of this research is based on the basics of the terminology of writing, agreeing and reconciling on the meaning of "theology using philosophical methods, teachings and rules" for the term "philosophical theology", and abandoning the use of the term "theological philosophy".

Historiography and historiographical studies is one of the most important research topics in any historical period. Historiography in the Āl-e Būya period can also be seriously examined from this perspective. But if we exclude Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Miskawayh, the historians of the Āl-e Būya period, despite the fact that most of them are among the great historians of the Islamic world, have received less attention from scholars and researchers. Historians such as Sabet Ibn Sinan, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Ibn Hilal Sabi, Hilal Sabi, Abu Shuja Rudrawari, Abu Naeem Isfahani, Abolfaraj Isfahani, Hamza Isfahani and ... . This issue can be examined in two ways: First, these historians have often been overshadowed by the radiant face of Miskawayh during this period; And secondly, the Persian writing of historians from rival courts such as the Ghaznavids and the Samanids has attracted more attention. However, it seems necessary to pay attention to the study of historiography of historians from Āl-e Būya period. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to respond to this necessity by examining and analyzing the historiography of Hamza al-Isfahani, the writer of the History of the Kings and the Prophets. According to the findings of the present research, the historiography of Hamza al-Isfahani is very important in several ways: The use of multiple copies of some missing sources of the history of ancient Iran, such as Siar al-Muluks, Hamzeh’s expertise in historical terminology, and the widespread use of calendars and chronological topics in historiography.

Tone is an inclusive term with manifold definitions. Each researcher, therefore, interprets it differently depending on how he/she approaches it in the text. In fact, tone is the echo of the writer or poet’s voice communicating with those who are willing to hear such mesmerizing songs. As a principal element, tone is divided into many minor (local) tones. In this research, colloquial tone has been examined in various stylistic tendencies and genres of present-day Mazandaran poetry. To this purpose, researchers have introduced, classified, and analyzed the processing techniques of tone in the poetry of forty Persian poets from 1972-2021. Findings indicate that in order to achieve colloquial tone, Mazandarani poets have benefitted from five main techniques (framework, sound, music, language, and rhetoric) and 25 minor techniques in their poetry. Given the research data, the musical features and four minor techniques have had significant frequencies. Moreover, regarding linguistic techniques, local-ethnic and humorous tones are found to be significantly frequent. Research methodology used in this study is mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) which makes use of reference documents and reliable Internet sites.

This article aims to investigate “Psychology of Language,” written by David W Carroll, translated by Heshmatollah Sabaghi.  The book is described considering the form and the content. Then, the translation of  the book is assessed  based on factors such as the style of writer, Persian equivalents of general and psycholinguistics terms, grammatical structures, punctuations, writing rules and conventions, accuracy and faithfulness. The main problems of the translation were related to the spaces and half-spaces between the word and within compound words, the correct punctuation and the complexity of Persian sentences in translation in spite of the simplicity of their original English sentences, complex and less frequent equivalents and Arabic words instead of simple, frequent and familiar Farsi equivalents. The faithfulness principle in the translation was acceptable. The result of this study showed that although the translation of the book is acceptable, it is not of high quality. The most critical problem of the translation is the complexity of  Persian sentences, so that the readers have to read the sentences several times to understand them. However, considering the fact that there are few Persian sourcebooks written on psycholinguistics, it can be used as a sourcebook provided that the problems are eliminated in the next editions.

Indexing the content of Islamic science resources is one of the most important things that needs to be done; What's more, due to the vastness of time and information, reaching all the content that plays a role in judgments is considered impossible for a person without a profile. This article, which is based on the library research method and is based on description and analysis, describes the following conditions for the method of indexing the resources of Islamic sciences. 1. Complete adherence to the term. 2. Use the full term. 3. Do not use terminology. 4. Not using idiomatic terms. 5. The criterion for combining indexes should be the unity of the subject and nothing else. 6. Based on knowledge, indexes should be stored, not based on books. 7. Do not use common terms. 8. The index of a science should be included in the term of the same science. 9. Mention the author's name in the indexes. indexes In addition, a critical look has been given to the indexing method of the Research Institute of Islamic Information and Documents, which critiques include: 1. The use of analytical terms. 2. Use of idiomatic terms. 3. Use of referential terms 4. .Failure to mention the author's name in the indexes. 5. Save the indexes based on the book 6. Use common terms to store. 7. Save indexes in unrelated science terms.