جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « historiography » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Bu məqalə Arazın şimalinda yaşayan azərbaycanlılar arasında Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatını müzakirə və tədqiq edir, Yusif Vəzir Çəmənzəminlinin, Firidun bəy Köçərlinin erkən və görkəmli roluna işarə edir. Məqalənin davamında o, bolşeviklərin hakimiyyəti altında olan Azərbaycanın ədəbi vəziyyətindən bəhs edir və Bağırovun ölümündən sonra baş verən dəyişiklikləri təsvir edir. Müəllif Hüseyn Cavidin, “Füyuzat” jurnalının, Cəfər Cabarlının yaradıcılığını xatırladır və müstəqillik əldə etdikdən sonra Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatının sürətli inkişafını vurğulayır.This article, while discussing and examining Azerbaijani literature among the Azerbaijanis of North Ars, points to the early and prominent role of Yusif Vezir Chamanzaminli and Fereydon Bei Kocherli. In the rest of the article, he refers to the literary situation of Azerbaijan under the rule of the Bolsheviks and describes the changes after Bakhirov's death. He mentions the works of Hossein Javed, Fayuzat magazine and Jafar Jabarli and emphasizes the rapid development of Azerbaijani literature after independence.

The dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the historiography of Nazem-Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the constitutional event with the aforementioned insight that is using the historical method. to understand the aim of study, we should answer the following question : What effect did the critical insight of the aforementioned historians have on their historical method in reflecting the constitutional event and the later developments ? The results of this research show that the above-mentioned historians are trying to move themselves far from one-sided historiography in two extends, first: criticism of the Qajar governors and rulers due to their inefficiency in the administration of the country and second: the mass of the people as the driving engine of the changes in the society. Analyze and explain the factors of the emergence of the constitution and the developments after it.

Iranian historiography, as part of the tradition of Islamic historiography, emerged from the heart of the Iraqi school of historiography in the first centuries of the rise of Islam and nurtured some of the greatest Muslim historians. Although Islamic historiography grew rapidly with the emergence of Islamic civilization, it did not have much dynamic and philosophical growth. In the best case, it is examined with a theological approach and in a way influenced by the rule of the sciences of hadith and rijal. Of course, exceptional figures such as Tabari and Masoudi acted somewhat differently from others and had a more specific view of the issue. One of the reasons for Tabari's fame over the centuries can be attributed to his method of historiography; A method that is strongly influenced by the method of narrators; Both in collecting and writing historical data. On the other hand, Masoudi, a prominent historian of the third and fourth centuries AH, is one of the founders of analytical and intellectual historiography who, by writing his works, applied a special approach to analytical historiography based on reason. Based on this, in this research, we will try to compare the historiography style of Tabari and Masoudi by using analytical-descriptive method.

In the field of historiography of Lorestan in the second Pahlavi era, no research has been done to determine the subject areas and methodology. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the remaining works about the history of Lorestan during the Pahlavi period (1357-1320) and to criticize the common writing styles of that time in terms of method and content. The general feature of existing historiography is the investigation of personalities, institutions and organizations, which mostly covers political history and less deals with social, economic, cultural and artistic history. Therefore, the scientific criticism and evaluation of these works is important for the purpose of the desired scientific productions and the promotion of researches in the field of local history of Lorestan. The findings indicate that three main types of historiography can be identified: character-oriented historiography or monograph, official historiography with the content of works and compositions (books), and oral historiography. In these works, people of Lorestan’s social history, including the petitions of the people to the members of parliament, which are a good source in this regard, have been neglected. Another problem in the field of historiography of this period is the dispersion of data and information sources. The lack of an independent document database specific to the province has made difficult to access to sufficient data for scientific productions.

In the last decade of the twentieth century, the local historiography of the northwestern regions of Iran was confronted with challenges arising from the establishment of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the resulting process of identity formation through divergent historical narratives about a millennia-long shared past with Iran. These challenges were mainly influenced by scholarly works originating from the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Republic of Azerbaijan, as an autonomous nation with historical, linguistic, and cultural ties to the northwestern territories of Iran, serves as a point of departure for examining the impact of its formation and official historiography on the historiographical landscape of the Turkish-speaking provinces of northwestern Iran. This study seeks to explore how the emergence of this sovereign state and its historical narratives have shaped and influenced the local historiography of these provinces. It is evident that the establishment of the Republic of Azerbaijan and its sanctioned historiography have exerted both overt and nuanced influences on the construction of national identity through a specific rendition of history and its associated elements. These elements encompass a diverse range of themes, including the etymology and historical evolution of the term "Azerbaijan," demarcation of territorial boundaries, discussions of North and South Azerbaijan, examinations of ancient Turkish presence and governance in the region, promotion of the Turkish language, analyses of political trajectories within the Republic of Azerbaijan and their attendant controversies, as well as a broader exploration of Turkish influence on local historiography in Turkish-speaking provinces.

The main claim of the present essay is that the most important scientific responsibility of historians, whether ancient or modern, is to provide a thick description of important events related to the human past. Some critics of this assertion have criticized it and raised objections to it; For example, the traditional, chronistic and positivist approach is promoted in the study of history. An approach that is no longer acceptable. promoting the double false stereotype of "description or analysis"; denying the use of methods and theories in historical research, promoting a neutral and indifferent approach to the current issues of human societies (theory of history for history) and...In this essay, the author attempts to provide an appropriate response to these criticisms in addition to further explaining his claim, in order to take a step towards greater understanding among historians about the nature and main function of historiography. The author emphasizes that defending the main function of knowledge and the field of history is an attempt to prevent the decline and decay of this academic field within other areas of humanities and social sciences, especially the general sciences of sociology and politics. The way out of this critical situation is therefore to emphasize dense description as the most important disciplinary task of historians.

The establishment of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire in history, had a profound impact on the conquered regions and marked the end of a historical era for many of them. Modern studies of the Mongol Empire look at it from conflicting perspectives including history, politics, culture, and the Mongols' impact on the conquered world. Since the study of the Mongol Empire spans three centuries, there are different approaches and methods to examine it. This historiographical study places the research on the Mongol Empire in the historical and political context of the period in which it was written, and articulates the methodological and intellectual developments that have been applied to the historical study of the empire. The findings show that since the first historical works in the 18th century, the main interpretation has been an uncritical narrative of Mongol savagery combined with the idea of the enlightened ruler. The Soviet Marxist historiography of the, 20th century, on the other hand, focused on class relations and Mongol social evolution. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new works in Britain and America examined global exchange, cultural/economic integration and the emergence of international trade under Mongol rule and rejected the earlier interpretations of Mongol destruction. This historiographical article evaluates and critically formulates the approaches and methods used to study the Mongol Empire over three centuries using a descriptive-analytical approach and a chronological sequence.

ore than two centuries have passed since the introduction of modern sciences, especially the Newtonian astronomy, into the Islamic world and Iran. The historiography covering the period of opposition until widespread acceptance of modern astronomy by the Shi’ite clergy, should be persued with utmost care and meticulous examination of written evidence and material culture. This period includes the transition from the belief in the centrality and fixity of the earth, assumed not only in the Ptolemaic system but also in other cosmographies of the Islamic era, to modern cosmology. In the last few decades, historians of science have made various comments about this period. Seyyed Hossein Nasr talks about wholesale surrender of  Islamic scholars when facing Western science without launching any criticism. On the other hand, Gamini, a historian of science, maintains, by separating the mainstream Shi’ites from the Shaykhiya and the Sufis, that there were different reactions by these groups towards modern science. Unlike the Shaykhiya and Sufis, the opposition of the mainstream scholars towards modern astronomy was not due to religious dogmas, but it took place only on philosophical grounds. One of the Shi’ite ulama, who had a completely critical view of modern science, was Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn al-Kāshif al-Ghitāʾ. In his writings from the time of Constitutionalism and the following decades, he especially opposes modern astronomy and Darwin's theory of evolution. Gamini has advanced a different reading of the writings of Kashif al-Ghita. In the present article, the contentions that Gamini has expressed in recent years, especially in his new writings, regarding the confrontation of the Shi’ite ulama with modern astronomy, are challenged here. It is argued that they are either anachronistic or rely on the false assumption that the opposition of the mainstream Shi’ite scholars to modern astronomy was solely or mainly related to their philosophical considerations rather than religious objections. In addition, the incorrectness of Gamini’s assertion that Kāshif al-Ghitāʾ only objected to the evolution of humankind and was generally sympathetic towards Darwin’s theory of evolution will be shown

In Iran, it is generally believed among researchers that the book "Jahāngushāy-e Khāghān" is a primary source about the life of Shah Ismail, written during the reign of his successor and son, Shah Tahmasb. However, the reality is that this book, based on recent research, is a late text and a story about a character named Bijan, which was written during the reign of Shah Solyiman Safavi. This article first introduces one of the two new editions and prints of this book and then examines research that shows this text lacks the credibility that is generally attributed to it in Iran.

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court, and he can be considered as the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of this research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort to legitimize the Ottomans, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not confining to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and pay attention to the conditions of neighboring nations are among his historiographical features. Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to prove that Bitlisi's use of complicated and artificial prose aimed to establish his position in the Ottoman court and present an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, and legitimize it to deal with rivals such as the Safavids and Mamluks.

The presence of Iranian scholars and scientists and the support of the sultans and princes of it, the Persian language, literature and historiography got a special place in the Ottoman Empire. Under the patronage of the Ottoman court, several historical works were written. Idris Bitlisi has a special place among the Persian historians of the Ottoman court, and he can be considered as the most prominent representative of Persian writing and Iranian historiography in the Ottoman court. After presenting a description of the life of Idris Bitlisi, focusing on the text of Hasht Bihisht and Salim Shahnameh as his two historiographical works, the present study aims to identify the main components of his history writing and historiography and explain these components in the final step. The findings of this research show that the detailed report of events, using artificial and literary prose, the mixing of text with poems, verses, and hadiths, the lack of sufficient references to the sources of the narrations, and the Regular division of contents are the most important features of his history writing and the Presenting an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, the effort to legitimize the Ottomans, using the historical narrative to serve the political purposes of the Ottoman state, placing the court in the center of the narrative, not confining to quoting political history, paying attention to governmental, scientific and social institutions, influential men and scholars, and pay attention to the conditions of neighboring nations are among his historiographical features. Based on the findings of this research, it is possible to prove that Bitlisi's use of complicated and artificial prose aimed to establish his position in the Ottoman court and present an imperial image of the Ottoman Empire, and legitimize it to deal with rivals such as the Safavids and Mamluks.

Claude Gilliot, a professor at the University of Provence and senior editor of the Encyclopedia of the Quran, Leiden, is well-versed in the field of the history of exegesis and has authored numerous works. This present article evaluates Claude Gilliot’s perspectives in his article “The Beginning of Quranic Exegesis.” In this particular article, the author explores matters related to the period of the formation of Quranic exegesis and its scholarly phase. According to him, history and literature contribute to the solidity and scientific credibility of the interpreted knowledge. He delves into topics such as the commencement of exegesis from the perspectives of Muslims and Orientalists, the prohibition of interpretation, and the position of Ibn Abbas and the leading Islamic exegetes from the standpoint of Orientalists. This research attempts to analyze the content, methodology, and sources of the aforementioned article using a descriptive-analytical approach. This study demonstrates that due to intervening presuppositions, methodological flaws, and the reliability of sources, the author has encountered strategic errors in his works compared to other Orientalists.

Understanding the value of the historical heritage of hadith scholars and its effect on the addressee’s mind regarding the issues of Ahl al-Bayt and the Shiites of the Umayyad period, and with the aim to discover the existing thematic network in those texts and achieving a model for explaining their general logic and structure, the present study attempts to answer the following question: “What themes do the hadith scholars present to their addressees in registering the news of Ahl al-Bayt and the Shiites?” To find the answer, we first investigated the historical heritage of the hadith scholars in this regard and, then, selected the following sources: Tārīkh Khalīfa bin Khayyāṭ (Ibn Khayyat, 240 AH); the extant parts of al-Ma‘rifa wal-Tārīkh (Fasavi, 277 AH); Tārīkh al-Umam wal-Mulūk (Tabari, 310 AH); al-Muntaẓam fī Tārīkh al-Umam wal-Mulūk (Ibn Jowzi, 597 AH). Then, the data related to the news of Ahl al-Bayt and the Shiites were extracted, and using the method of thematic analysis and its stages, the data were analyzed and the themes hidden in various sources were discovered. We found four overarching themes as follows: “Shiism: a political-religious movement”, “the Shiites’ perpetual threats for governments”, “efforts to suppress the Shiites based on religion”, and “suppression of the Shiites along with undergoing damages”. Considering the approach of the hadith scholars to caliphate, these themes are for legitimizing the behaviors of Umayyad rulers in suppressing Ahl al-Bayt and the Shiites.

The issue of Christians' belief in the divinity and goodness of Jesus (pbuh) - in the sense that they call this divine prophet God, the son of God, or the son of God - is one of the most important issues that commentators of the Holy Quran have tried to criticize. In this research, we intend to examine the evolution of the Qur'an commentators' opinions in addressing and criticizing this issue and show what changes have been made in the commentators' understanding of this historical concept. The results of the research show that the commentators of the early period only disproved this theory, and the commentators of the middle period, by emphasizing the explanation of the verses and without referring to the Christian religious sources, only limited themselves to the irrationality of this theory, but the commentators of the contemporary period, while carefully examining the sources of Christianity and talking with their scholars, they have tried to show the time and how to create this belief deviation in Christianity and express the reasons for its cancellation in a documented way.

The preface is the entrance of the reader and the writer to the main text. The tradition of preface writing flourished in the 4th and 5th centuries of Hijri and reached its peak and elevation in the Timurid period. Preface writing continued in the Safavid era and was accompanied by innovations and changes. Historiography and tazkira writing are two fields that received special attention in the Safavid era. In this essay, the structure of the prefaces of the prose texts of the Safavid era and their constituent elements have been analyzed and their points of commonality and difference have been explained by relying on history books and tazkirehs. The findings of the research indicate that although the writers of the Safavid era followed the tradition of writing prefaces in the past periods, but the structure of the prefaces of the examined texts was accompanied by changes. Naat and Manqbat of Ahl al-Bayt (pbuh), especially the praise of Hazrat Ali (pbuh) and bringing praise to the infallible imams due to the prevalence of Shiism in the Safavid era, are among the prefaces of the prose texts of this period. Historians and tazkira writers have performed almost the same function in writing praises and praises of God, Naat and Manqbat of the Prophet (PBUH), chapter of Al-Khattab, introduction of the author, reason for authoring the book, emphasis on the importance of the subject of the book; However, in dealing with the praise of Mahdi Aliyyah (donor),

The significance of ʿĀshūra in the history of Islam and its impact on societies has been a subject of discussion since long ago. According to their vision and insight, Islamic researchers, have recorded impressions of this event in their works. The main question of the current research is what the political, military, and cultural conditions of the Qajar period up to the Mozaffar al-Din Ŝāh era had to do with the construction of discourses related to the events and rituals of ʿĀshūra and their reflection in the society? This research, with a historical perspective and analytical-descriptive approach, aims to scrutinize the impact of various areas from the beginning of the Qajar period to the reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah on epic, emotional, superstition-oriented, and fatalistic discourses. The findings of the research show that each of the prominent writers of this era had a different reading of the ʿĀshūra event and this had a great impact on the Qajar society. Therefore, sometimes the essence of the event has been distorted, misunderstood, and misused.

Historical research of management in Iran has not been studied or has not been methodical. Oral history of management in Iran has not been considered a common method in historiography by researchers.

The purpose of this study was to record the memories and observations of professors and veterans aware of the evolution of management knowledge in Iran to record and preserve the oral history of management in Iran. The main purpose of oral history is to record and preserve the memories and information of those who are aware of historical events in a particular field.

Design / Methodology / Approach: 

In this article, the oral narratives of several professors and veterans of management knowledge in Iran are studied and recorded using the oral history method. The interviewees were the main actors in different periods of management development in Iran who were aware of the process of formation and development of management knowledge in Iran.

From interviews and conversations with professors and veterans, memories, observations, hearings, and information were obtained that were narrated raw and without manipulation and the intervention of historians, and have shaped the oral history of management knowledge in Iran.

This study has resulted in a reliable and citationable historical compilation by the principles and stages of one of the scientific and accepted methods of historical studies, namely oral history which can be studied by other management researchers and historians.

In the period after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, clerics were present in the form of an influential movement in all political, social and cultural fields. In addition, in theoretical areas, including in the field of historiography, they were also brought up as an active spectrum in the formation of the Islamic historiography current, the basis and intellectual basis of this current, an understanding of the teachings of Islam, the Shia religion and the Islamic government was formed.The purpose of this research is to investigate the insight and attitude of Shia clerics in the formation and continuation of Islamic historiography after the Islamic revolution, especially that some clerics appeared as writers and researchers in the field of history after the victory of the revolution and began to compile and write books. They made history. The hypothesis of this research is that, influenced by the Islamic Revolution, a new range of clerical historians started compiling and producing historiographical sources with the support of the government of the Islamic Republic in the form of official historiography.The method and approach of this research is descriptive-analytical based on documentary and library sources. Also, the findings of this research show that compared to the vast volume of historiographical sources after the revolution in the country, the production and writing of historical works by clerics occupies an acceptable range and leads to the development and sometimes the form The flow of Islamic.

In the elementary school textbooks published between 1925-1941, a narrative of the history of the Parthians in Iran has been formulated, which has significant discourse and ideological aspects. Accordingly, the students were exposed to a newly-crafted narrative of the ancient history of Iran in which the rise of the Sasanians was like the victory of light over darkness, and nationalism over xenophilia. In this narrative, not only were the Parthians not considered as Iranian, but there was also a kind of domination of non-Iranian spirit over the Iranian identity, which was terminated by the rise of the Sassanids, and thus a period of national salvation began. The main question of the present research is that which discourse and ideological contexts influenced the dominant narrative in the mentioned texts and turned it into an anti-Parthian narrative, and on the contrary, the Sassanians became known as the saviors of Iran from darkness and ruin? The hypothesis is that ideological requirements, legitimizing requirements as well as the strengthening of a sense of nationalism among elementary school children led to the emergence of a narrative, the focus of which was denial, humiliation and trying to abandon the Parthian heritage.