جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تاپسیس" در نشریات گروه "علوم پایه"

Given the vast scope of responsibilities and activities in any organization, success in quantitative and qualitative aspects of human resources can only be achieved through continuous quantitative and qualitative training. For the effective execution of the missions and services of any organization, especially municipal organizations, human resource training must be implemented, particularly in the current competitive era. Training is one of the areas that has undergone a fundamental transformation in information technology. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine, the primary role of information technology in various aspects of education, including virtual learning and optimizing various educational processes, should be taken into account. Therefore, organizations are using information technology to implement effective training processes to achieve their organizational goals. However, various criteria influence the feasibility of implementing educational methods, which may conflict with each other when selecting the most suitable e-learning platform for professional training. An efficient group multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method has been developed to select the most effective e-learning platform. Nonetheless, uncertainty in decision-makers' judgments is one of the challenges raised in group-based multi-criteria decision-making methods. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid method based on the group Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Grey Theory has been developed to account for uncertainty in decision-makers' judgments, aiming to select the most suitable platform for utilizing information technology in the e-learning of municipal organizations. The results showed that the synchronous virtual learning platform is selected as the best platform for professional training in municipal organizations.

For urban management in the fields of urban development and municipal services, municipalities need substantial revenue resources. To ensure the financial balance of the municipality and prevent its financial statements from being jeopardized, the municipality must rely on sustainable revenue sources (continuous, flexible, and desirable) and strive to create such sustainable revenue sources. Otherwise, if the revenues decrease significantly due to a lack of sustainability, the expenses do not decrease to the same extent, resulting in a decrease in the municipality's end-of-period profit or incurring a loss. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the sustainability of the revenue sources of the Qasemabad municipality using the Shannon entropy technique and the TOPSIS technique over a three-year period (2020-2022). The results show that the most sustainable revenue source during the study period was the share of centralized levies collected by the Ministry, value-added tax, and the sale of real estate (land), while the least sustainable was the revenue from various levies. The most important revenue sources for this municipality are value-added tax and government grants. Among these two important revenue sources, the value-added tax has high sustainability, while the government grants do not have adequate sustainability. Therefore, this municipality should seek to replace government grants with more sustainable revenue sources.

Among the factors and indexes considered for the environmental evaluation of projects mostly the factors with environmental aspects are chosen. Decision making on relative superiority of a project compared to other factors requires going beyond investigation of the exclusive environmental consequences. Environmental Geotechnics is a part of Engineering Geology that considers Environmental and Geotechnical issues concurrently. In this research it has been tried for the first time to investigate environmental factors and issues besides geotechnical viewpoints. For doing so, the water and soil different standards in different scopes including drinking water, agriculture and geotechnics have been investigated and evaluated by the help of Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Technique of TOPSIS. Also, their differences and features have been referred while comparison of the mentioned techniques results.As an environment of appropriate decision, 4 networks of irrigation and drainage from Khuzestan province with the name of irrigation and drainage networks of Evan (North- West of Khuzestan), Dasht-e Azadegan (west of Khuzestan), Ramhormoz (east of Khuzestan) and Kheir Abad (South-east of Khuzestan) was used as a platform of necessary information.

The gas production operation in the gas refinery, in addition to creating special and ordinary wastes, also leads to the production of industrial wastes. Failure to properly manage special waste in such refineries will cause environmental hazards and threaten the workforce’s health. This research aimed to identify, differentiate and prioritize industrial wastes in this refinery to eliminate or reduce environmental risks. After collecting waste information, 19 cases of industrial waste were identified in process units and facilities. Then the data was analyzed through documentation, expert theory and Delphi method, and according to the importance of multi-criteria decision-making method for ranking and waste management, TOPSIS method was used for prioritization. The findings showed waste Sulfur with an amount of 86%, has the highest priority of relative proximity to high-risk waste and mixed laboratory containers, with an amount of 20%, have the least priority of relative proximity to low-risk waste among industrial wastes. Also, based on the percentage distance of the relative closeness of the residues to each other, 5 groups (about 26%) are at the high level, 6 groups (about 32%) are at the medium level and 8 groups (about 42%) are at the low level of industrial wastes were placed.

One way to progress towards sustainable energy is to use solar energy in the world. Iran also has great potential for the use of solar energy, but identifying suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants is an important issue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the solar energy potential of 9 provincial centers in Iran with 3 multi-criteria decision-making methods Simple Additive Weighting, TOPSIS, and ELECTRE. In this regard, the three main criteria of installation location, weather conditions, and risk have been used, which include 11 sub-criteria and were weighed by the Shanon entropy method. In this weighting, the highest and lowest weights were allocated to population criteria and horizontal radiation, respectively. The results of prioritization also show that Zahedan has priority over other options in all three methods. Zahedan's score in the Simple Additive Weighting method is 0.488904, and in the TOPSIS method is 0.8485 and in the ELECTRE method, Zahedan and Tabriz both with 5 advantages over other Options are a priority, also Tehran was selected as the worst option for the construction of solar power plants, and the score of this option in the Simple Additive Weighting method is 0.167015, in the TOPSIS method 0.4452316 and the ELECTRE method, along with Kerman, without having superiority over other options, were in the last priority. Also, in 6 different cases, sensitivity analysis was performed on the presented models. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the TOPSIS method is less sensitive to the weights of the indicators than the other two methods.

In this research, Delphi method was implemented in three stages to select 43 development indices based on the consensus of experts, and weighted by analytic hierarchy process method. In order to rank the development of Iran's Provinces, scripting in Excel was undertaken to implement the TOPSIS method. The software implements all the steps of the TOPSIS to calculate the distance from the positive and negative ideal solutions, the relative closeness to the ideal solution, and finally the automatic ranking of the Provinces and it provides diagrams, tables, and a map showing the development stage of the Provinces. By upgrading the TOPSIS method from manual mode to the automatic software-based in Excel, the ranking is done fast and the display of the results has been facilitated through tables, diagrams and report forms. The features of this program are its user-friendliness, repeatability using different weights, very small software size and possibility of determining the factors that may promote or demote a province. In this research, based on the statistical information of the year 2015, the ranking of development status of the provinces was carried out. In the first run and with the obtained weights, the provinces Markazi, Yazd and Guilan ranked first to third, and the provinces Northern Khorasan, Qom and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari won the last three places. Certainly, by changing the weights and repeating the process, a sensitivity analysis can be made and it can be showed that which province(s) maintain their relative position with changes in the weights.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize Iran's shrimp export target markets. For this purpose, first all shrimp importing countries were selected during the period 2014 to 2018. Then, according to criteria such as the average of total shrimp imports during the period under review, the ratio of shrimp imports by the country to total global shrimp imports, the ratio of shrimp imports to total imports of the country, the ratio of net shrimp imports to imports by the country, the advantage of the country in shrimp imports and the average growth of shrimp imports; All countries were screened and finally 22 countries were selected. In the next stage, based on market attractiveness indices including Gini coefficient, average economic growth, and population growth in the coming years, GDP per capita, geographical distance, country risk index and geographical distance using TOPSIS technique, 10 countries, respectively. Priorities for exporting Iranian shrimp were determined. The results show that South Korea, Romania, Japan, Vietnam, China, Hungary, Peru, Spain, Albania and the Czech Republic are ranked first to tenth for Iranian shrimp exports, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that aquaculture exporters pay more attention to the target market of these countries and the tastes of their consumers.

Urban development disturbs the natural infiltration of runoff by creating impermeable surfaces. With the increase of impermeable levels in the watersheds, the volume of runoff also increases and cities will be exposed to waterlogging and floods in the rainy season. Therefore, the level of groundwater resource is expected to have lowered gradually. Today’s main policy to face with this problem centers on using traditional flood systems like concrete channelization to convey runoff which increases the problem of groundwater recharge. So, it seems that Green Infrastructure Development (GID) could play a crucial role in the restoration of the disrupted hydrological cycle, lowering the runoff problem, and move toward towards urban sustainability.Materials and methods Study area Tehran is a metropolitan with an area of about 730 km2 and the population of more than 8.5 million people, located at the south part of Alborz Mountains. The city comprised of 22 districts. The middle districts and downtown areas are urbanized while the other districts have more open spaces and untouched lands. The slope of the most parts of the city is about 3-9 percent which is mainly from the north to the south. There are seven natural rivers streaming the city. These natural valley-rivers play important roles in natural ventilation and runoff conveying. Tehran has a diverse Land use. Apart from big green patches dispersed in the northern parts and the urban fringe areas, all patches of the city are manmade and impermeable. Tehran has faced rapid growth in the current decades. Rapid urbanization has worsened the natural hydrological cycle and put this megacity in jeopardy of water logging and flood. Flood risk is one of the second most important natural hazards in Tehran. The city is coated with impermeable surfaces like buildings, highways, roads, and parking lots. In rainy seasons rainfall rapidly turns into runoff flowing throughout the streets and finally leaves the urban watershed. Consequently, the level of groundwater supply is expected to have diminished.

The framework of this research has four steps. 1- Selection of relevant criteria and sub-criteria 2- Determining the weight of each of criteria and sub-criteria 2- reaching of decision matrix, 4- Prioritization of green infrastructure practices 3- Development of combination scenarios 4- Prioritization of combination scenarios. Each step is elaborated below.This step was done by reviewing scientific sources and interviewing experts and specialists. At this step, we tried to select criteria for multivariate decision models that are more repetitive in scientific texts and are in accordance with the geographical, climatic conditions and realities of the study area. Finally, the criteria in the process of introducing green infrastructure in Tehran with the aim of runoff control includes five main criteria namely: runoff quantity control, runoff quality control, cost, compatibility with city structure, and adaptation to the climate of the city.Expert panel and The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were used to weight the selected criteria. In this regard, a questionnaire was first prepared in accordance with the standard structure of pairwise comparison, which is common in the hierarchical analysis method. Then, 15 faculty members, consulting engineers, and researchers in various fields related to the development of green infrastructure in urban areas were surveyed. Then the weight of criteria, sub-criteria, and inconsistency coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, the responses of 6 participants had an inconsistency coefficient of more than one tenth and were excluded. Therefore, a total of 9 experts participated in the weighting process of the criteria. Expert Choice software was used in the process of calculating the weight of criteria and incompatibility coefficients.In order to compile the decision matrix and achieve the ability of the studied green infrastructure types, the review of scientific literature was performed. At this step, we referred to studies that examined the ability of green infrastructure in relation to each of the criteria.At this stage, the TOPSIS method was used to prioritize green infrastructure. TOPSIS is a multi-criteria decision-making method that is programmed based on the similarity of the solution to the ideal solution and the distance from the non-ideal solution. This technique can be used to rank, compare different options, select the best option and determine the distances between options. Based on the final decision matrix and the weight of the studied criteria, different forms of green infrastructure were prioritized. All calculations were performed to prioritize the options using R software and topsis package.Sensitivity analysis is performed to achieve assurance of results and to confirm that the weighting is non-biased. The method is that values are added or subtracted to each of the indicators and the model will be run again with the changes made and the results will be compared. In this study, PYSIS software was used to analyze the sensitivity of the results of this study. To ensure that the scores and weights were non-biased, sensitivity analysis was performed with 30% change in weights for 10,000 repetitions.To combine different forms of green infrastructure, five main functions of green infrastructure for runoff management were identified, including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection. Based on these performances, different scenarios for combination of GI practices were identified and scored. The equation 1 was used for prioritizing the combination scenarios A= (S1 × D1)+(S2× D2)Where A is the final score of each compound, S1 is the final score of the green infrastructure expressed in the row, D1 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the row in the runoff management process, S2 is the green infrastructure score expressed in the column, D2 is the green infrastructure score in the column in the runoff management process.

Results revealed that permeable pavement with a score of 0.756 is the most suitable, while green atmosphere with 0.342 points was selected as the most unsuitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran. Infiltration trenches, rain beds, rainwater harvesting system, detention ponds, bio-retention ponds, and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively.The results of sensitivity analysis showed that with 30% change in coefficients and 10,000 times of model implementation, we did not see much change in the results of this research, and again permeable pavement has been introduced as the most appropriate option. The lack of change in the ranking of options in the sensitivity analysis indicated the low level of subjectivist bias.In the next step, in order to achieve appropriate scenarios, a combination of different forms of green infrastructure from Formula 1 was used and 112 possible combination scenarios were examined, scored and ranked. Finally, three preferred scenarios for each combination based on the hydrological performance were proposed.

In this study, a framework was proposed to use multi-objective prioritization of different forms of green infrastructure to control runoff in Tehran. The results showed that the permeable pavement is the most suitable form of green infrastructure for the city of Tehran, while the green swale is the most unsuitable. Infiltration trenches, rain gardens, rainwater collection reservoirs, ponds, biological ponds and green roofs were ranked second to seventh, respectively. Also, in order to achieve the appropriate composition patterns of green infrastructure, the functions of different types of green infrastructure were divided into categories including infiltration, storage, conveyance, irrigation, and rainwater collection, and the combined scenarios of this Infrastructures were examined. The results of this study proposed a suitable scenario of 30 green infrastructure combinations with different hydrological performance for development with different purposes.

Feeling the sense of security has been considered as one of the important criteria of quality of urban life. The urban environment index is one of the factors that in the present study tried to measure its impact on the sense of security in the urban space. In line with this research, with the aim of spatial analysis of citizens' sense of security in the neighborhoods of Kermanshah; Faizabad, 22 Bahman, Javanshir, Abadani and Maskan, Shariati, Saadi, Aghajan, Chenani, Jafarabad and Elahieh neighborhoods were evaluated. The research method was descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application, and nature of the method. feeling the sense of security as a dependent variable and environmental quality as an independent variable in the form of six indicators of air pollution, noise pollution, waste, green space per capita, sewer condition and the ratio of durable buildings to total buildings and their impact on feeling the sense of security. After collecting the data, using TOPSIS technique, each neighborhood was evaluated in terms of feeling of urban security based on the proposed index. According to the studies, 22 Bahman neighborhood with proportional distribution of green space, less garbage volume, higher percentage of durable buildings, etc. The most affluent neighborhood of Kermanshah and Faizabad neighborhood with turbulent texture, air pollution, unpleasant odor of sewage, garbage volume, Noise pollution and the lowest distribution of green space, the most deprived neighborhood in terms of urban environment index was assessed among the studied neighborhoods. Accordingly, it was concluded that feeling the sense of security in these neighborhoods is directly related to the quality of environmental indicators. The results of this study can help managers and those involved in Kermanshah in increasing urban security by using environmental indicators.

The present study aims to evaluate and improve the performance of human resources with an integrated approach of fuzzy hierarchical analysis and TOPSIS in the model of organizational excellence in Shahid Bahonar Copper Industries in Kerman. In order to prioritize each of the criteria of the organizational excellence model in order to improve the performance of human resources from the perspective of experts and employees, the fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique was used. First place, leadership criteria with the final score in the second place, business results (process) with the final score in the third place. In this study, in order to prioritize the sub-criteria of each of the research criteria, the TOPSIS model was used. External stakeholders are ranked first and below the achievement criteria of leadership improvement projects are ranked last. According to the results of prioritizing the obtained criteria, it was found that in order to achieve the desired performance of human resources using organizational excellence, the company needs to manage the correct strategy and principles in order to effectively implement the processes governing the company.

Nowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality in diversion dams in Guilan province in which the dams have been ranked using Shannon and TOPSIS entropy methods. The dams included Pasikhan, Shakhzar, Polrud and Tarik and the measured indicators included Ec, pH, TDS, Temperature, SO4, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, TSS, DO, BOD5 and COD. Shannon entropy results showed that among the indicators, the highest index weight is related to TSS with the amount of 0.1973 and the lowest one is related to pH with the amount of zero. Topsis tests results showed that based on the weights derived from entropy and water quality indicators, Pasikhan dam is in the first rank, Polrud dam is in the second rank, Shakhzar dam is in the third rank and Tarik dam is in the last rank. So, according to multivariate selection methods, water quality in different dams with similar conditions can be investigated.

By increasing the complexity of products and systems, the use of preventive maintenance and repair systems, such as repairability in the design of the system, can play an important role in reducing the finished product costs. In this paper, attention is paid to the reliability of designing systems of a navy in the form of a native pattern in the context of the design life of the systems, improving the maintainability of the systems and reducing the stopping time for maintenance in the production of products and improvement of reliability and availability of systems is being investigated when necessary. To achieve the above, due to the diminutiveness of the issues of maintainability in the design of marine systems, after reviewing the life cycles of similar products and selecting the most appropriate marine life cycle, which includes 5 main phases, and the use of 16 maintainability requirements, and by the aid of multi-criteria decision-making method, design pattern and development requirements for lifecycle-based lifecycle are extracted from the design of marine systems. Reduction of the costs and time of the note, increase in system availability, reduction of the damage/fatigue of the technical operator, reduction of the training hours of technical operators, improvement and expedition of the diagnosis, reduction of the probability of damage to the part or system and product, and improvement of reliability are among the benefits of using this template in design.

Awareness of the available resources and economic potentials of the regions is essential for growth and development. One of the important economic indicators which shows efficient utilization of human and natural resources in a region is the economic growth, production and the value added of the various economic sectors. The purpose of the present study is to achieve the relative advantages of each region by ranking the value added of different economic activities. Therefore, first, using the hierarchical analysis method, we weighed each of the 18 economic sub-sectors for our study and then in order to get results we use the data available at the statistical center for analysis by using TOPSIS approach for the year 2015. The result suggests that (with oil and gas value added) region 4 (Isfahan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Khuzestan) was ranked first with a coefficient of 0.6784 while Area 3 (Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamedan) with coefficient of 0.0650 obtains the last position. However, without oil and gas value added, zone 8 (Sistan Baluchestan, Kerman, Hormozgan, Yazd) was ranked first with a coefficient of 0.5587 while area 3 (Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamedan) ranked lowest with a coefficient of 0.0282. In addition, the TOPSIS approach result for all the provinces of Iran shows that, if we consider the value added for oil and gas, the Khuzestan province takes the first place while the Ilam province gets the last position. Pertinently, without value-added of oil and gas, Tehran province tops the list while Ilam province still maintains the last position.

The water table in the Zanjanrood catchment has severely declined recently. Therefore, determination of the groundwater potential zoning map is of great importance for optimal management of water resources. Here, we used seven effective criteria including lithology, slope, drainage, lineament, rainfall, spring density and landuse to asses groundwater potential. The analytical hierarchical analysis process was used for weighting the criteria. Overlay analysis was implemented using TOPSIS model to prepare the groundwater potential map in four categories of priority including very-good, good, low and poor. In general, the very-good category corresponds with the first priority while the lowest potential of groundwater match with the fourth priority. The high-discharged production wells and the geoelectrical investigations (resistivity and induced polarization) were applied to verify the model. The spatial distribution of the high-discharge production wells has completely coincided with both the very-good and good priorities in the area. The results of resistivity and IP models also are in good agreement with those from the TOPSIS model. Overall, the results suggest there is no rich aquifer in mountains of the Zanjanrood catchment. Furthermore, the most important aquifer in the Zanjanrood catchment is located around the Zanjanrood River where a severe water table decline has occurred.

Salt phytoremediation, which means reducing salinity of soil or water using halophytic plants, has been the subject of several studies in recent years. Despite numerous investigations in this area, the problem with the use of halophytic plants for salt phytoremediation is the selection of suitable plants from their large population or, in other words, screening of halophytic plants for salt phytoremediation. In this paper, by limiting the screening work to 12 annual plant species of the Chenopodiaceae family, the Shannon Entropy -TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method has been used for this purpose. Evaluation was done on the basis of criteria such as biomass production, salinity mechanism, flowering time, geographical distribution in Iran and agronomic capability. The Shannon entropy method was used to rank and weight the criteria and the TOPSIS method was used to determine the relative preference of the studied species. The results indicated that Atriplex Tatarica, Bassia Moricata and Salsola Kali were the top three among the 12 plant species studied. Therefore, their use in experimental phytoremediation of salt plants seems to be a priority.

Today, site selection is an important and necessary issue for construction and demolition wastes management in population fast-growing regions. Therefore, the main purpose of this research that was sponsored by Karaj municipality is landfill site selection for CDW in Karaj city with geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method. At first, by studying literature review, the criteria and sub-criteria necessary for site selection were identified. Four criteria and sixteen sub-criteria were selected by Delphi method. Weighting of criteria and sub-criteria was done by AHP method and expert choice software. All of the sub-criteria were mapped, standardized and overlaid in Arc GIS and IDRISI software environment by weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Finally, four alternatives (A1-A4) with a total area of 9700 hectares (4.7% of the total area of Karaj) have the the highest suitability, for CDW landfill in Karaj. These alternatives were ranked with TOPSIS method as A2>A4>A3>A4.

Development of industry, agriculture and services, requires training of efficient workforce in technical and vocational fields. Knowing that human activity in these three sectors decreases the environmental quality, dealing with environmental degradation can be achieved by implementing long-term sustainable development education policies. The present study is an applied research and aims to choose the best method for sustainable development education. For this purpose, first, the sustainable development competency criteria for technical and vocational graduates were identified by library studies and three different questionnaires were designed based on them. Then, DEMATEL Technique was used to identify the mutual interactions among the criteria. The obtained results were used for designing a network structure on the fuzzy ANP technique to assign weight to each criterion. Finally, the obtained weights were used to rank and select the best method for sustainable development education based on the TOPSIS technique. Since these techniques cannot resolve the ambiguity and uncertainty of verbal evaluations, the fuzzy triangular numbers were used in all the above-mentioned techniques. The results obtained in this study indicate that self-learning skills and proficiency in the environmental knowledge related to a particular technical and vocational field is the most important sub-criteria of sustainable development competence. Furthermore, group discussions were found to be the most appropriate teaching method for sustainable development education. Due to the importance of sustainable development competence criteria in choosing the right method for sustainable development education, it is necessary to consider all aspects of knowledge, skills, attitude, development and growth, in order to strengthen the environmental attitude and behavior.

The level of human life has always been in progress with the development of science and human knowledge, but this growth has not been uniform in all areas and consequently different communities with different socio - economic development levels have been created. Using regional planning seems to be a necessity to reduce these inequalities. The goal of the present research is to assess and rank the socio – economic rural development level of Golestan Province townships. Entropy and TOPSIS methods were used to weight the criteria and prioritize the cities. Tweleve criteria in four main categories including population, transportation, welfare and healthcare were selected to measure the socio – economic rural development levels. The results showed that Gonbad Kavoos has the first rank with a coefficient of 0.92 and Bandar gaz has last rank with a coefficient of 0.12. After calculating the development rates, townships were divided into one of the high, medium, low and very low classes. Finally, sensitivity analysis with seven repetitions was implemented to ensure the consistency of the results. The results of this research can be used as a model to design proper growth and development plans for Golestan Province townships.