جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی" در نشریات گروه "محیط زیست"

Public participation is recognized as one of the fundamental principles of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and as an integral part of EIA reports without which such reports lose further consideration merit. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methods and levels of public participation in EIA reports in Iran and to compare it with a sample from four countries including South Africa and Pakistan (developing countries), and Australia and the United States (developed countries), five reports from each country. For this purpose, from 130 environmental impact assessment reports in Department of Environment of Tehran Province, 98 reports were randomly selected using Cochran's formula and analyzed through checklists.Findings show that lack of attention to the public participation in EIA procedure in Iran has led to a significant weakness in the quantity, methods and levels of public participation in EIA reports. In this respect only 7.1 percent of the reports in Iran showed limited public participation, while in the four other countries, sufficient attention to the importance of public participation were detected leading to public participation in 95% of the reports. One of the most commonly used methods of attracting public participation in these reports has been holding of public meetings that can, in addition to disseminating information and receiving feedback, raise levels of public participation and empower the participators.

Areas that need continuous monitoring, are protected areas which necessitates the need for ‎environmental impact assesment of development in these areas. For strategic planning and ‎environmental impact assessment of development in the Alvand no-hunting area, the environmental ‎degradation and SWOT-ANP models were used. First, ecological vulnerability in each of ‎the network units was calculated and classified and then using topographic maps, field observations, ‎experts' opinions, and local communities, 13 degradation units were identified in the whole area and ‎its severity Was determined. Finally, using obtained coefficients of degradation, the area was ‎classified into 3 zones, which need protection measures (56.01%), need reconstruction (35.41%), and ‎development potential (8.49%). Despite the potential for grade 1 development, based on local ‎conditions and socio-economic issues, there is no possibility of further development in the area. ‎Then, for strategic planning in the area, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were ‎identified, and then according to opinion of experts, each weighting (ANP) and were compared. ‎The weighting results indicated that internal factors with a total score of 0.631 were selected as ‎main factor in providing protection strategies in the area, and an Aggressive strategy with the ‎highest score (0.340) in the area was selected as optimal strategy. In addition, existing ‎strengths for protection in the area are more than weaknesses, and also opportunities are more than ‎threats, and providing optimal strategies can help improve the protection situation of the area and ‎improve its management. ‎

Dams have a great deal of positive and negative effects on the environment besides their benefits like controlling stream regimes, and generating energy. In this study the environmental impact of dams being built in the Khuzestan province were evaluated on the basis of a multi-criteria decision-making method. To assess the environmental impact of the dam in this model four main criteria of physical-chemical, ecological, socio-economic, cultural and fifteen sub criteria were used. At the end, Electre III method also was used to rank the alternatives. The results indicated that according to experts opinions physical-chemical criterion with weight of 0.439 has greatest impact on the assessment process. The ecological, socioeconomic and cultural criteria rank next in effectiveness with weights of 0.241, 0.227 and 0.093 respectively. Also decreasing surface water quality has the highest weight among the sub-criteria. Finally the results also showed that the Shirinab and Kheyrabad dam have highest environmental impact in Khuzestan province.

Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies especially in northern ecosystem of the country.

This study aimed to quantify the visual criteria of naturalness and complexity using SHDI, SHEI, PLAND, LPI, PR, PD, and NP measurements in the area of Tonekabon's Dohezar-Sehezar watershed from two viewpoints. The visible range, after land use mapping and production of DSM and transmitting of visibility points to GIS, was obtained using the Visibility instruction in GIS, which analyzed the visible range at two points.

According to the PLAND index, the highest amount pertained to forest land use, and their amounts for forest, agriculture, and rangeland land uses found 0.1499, 0.0001, and 0.0021 respectively that detected the naturalness in the first- viewpoint was more than the second viewpoint, and this area has been less affected by human interferences. At the second point, except for the SHEI value which was less than the first point ( 0.0927), the amount of SHDI (0.0927), PR(7000), PD (2.507), and NP(2058000) indices grater than second point obtained.

The use of landscape metrics with regard to their capabilities can be a useful step to early identification of the impacts of development on the structure of landscape. The proposed approach can be the basis for developing a new method to understanding the effects of landscape changing in planning and management fields.

The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of spatial composition and distribution of Miankaleh International Wetland and also to evaluate the efficiency of land features measurements to assess environmental effects.

For this purpose, first Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images of ETM + and OLI sensors related to 2001 and 2016 were prepared. Then, by performing the necessary processing and preprocessing, the land use map was prepared and the raster maps were entered into FRAGSTATS 4.2 software was performed.

According to the results, it can be said that the water zone of the wetland (which is the most important part of the wetland) and consequently the wetlands of the wetland have a large area and has not become fine and stained, but during the study period Deleted part of its domain. The use of vegetation and man-made lands has also disrupted the natural environment by creating new spots and fragmentation. Agricultural use has not been in the form of spots and the increase in its area has been in the form of large spots.

According to the stated results, proper management in the wetland environment is not implemented. Because the current management of Miankaleh wetland is a hardware and old management, also due to the location of this wetland in two provinces, it does not have an integrated management and the management plan is scattered and multiple. As a result, by creating an integrated and coherent management plan, the problems of this wetland can be overcome to some extent. The present study well showed that land use measurements are a suitable tool for assessing environmental impacts in the shortest time.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a supportive and important tool for sustainable development. A tool that easily establishes the relationship between the economy, society, health and the environment and plays an important role in advancing sustainable development goals. One of the factors that can be effective in performing a proper environmental impact assessment is its proper training. In EIA, the concept of training is a combination of information transmission, knowledge, and most often goal-based skills, legal requirements, procedures, approaches, and process-related tools. Since EIA has found its legal place in policy making of countries, its training has also been required to develop the users' software and the formal skills. In Iran, EIA training has a history of more than thirty years. Today there may be a greater need for EIA training through new technologies. Training in knowledge web format combines knowledge and technology together to respond to users' needs well and in an up-to-date manner. This paper presents the Knowledge Network using an ontology model for EIA in Iran. The upper ontology classifies the concepts and communications in the process of preparing and implementing EIA, and the lower ontology introduces a variety of Multimedia Objects (MMOs) by developing appropriate training scenarios. This ontology can be transformed into a computer language and gives users access to a variety of concepts in the field of environmental impact assessment in a semantic web format. The ontology- based knowledge network for EIA is a solution for the existing needs and deficiencies in the system of EIA education. It creates coordination between trainings. And according to the development of virtual education in different aspects in Iran, it can update and complete with MMOs. The ontology of EIA can be modified, refined and developed and also be integrated with other ontologies in common.
 
 
 
 
 
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In order to reduce environmental hazards, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal requirement for the construction of metal processing and production factories. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the establishment of Sungun cathode copper factory using flash furnace method and also its compatibility with the environment was studied in this research. Civil part of the factory is under construction in the north of East Azarbaijan Province and is adjacent to Sungun copper mine. The location of the project site is in the vicinity of the Arasbaran Protected Area and is therefore important in terms of environmental impact in the area.

In this study, at first library studies were carried out and then, data and information on environmental impact assessment were collected by relevant experts, and eventually the Iranian version of the Leopold Matrix (modified Leopold) was selected as the evaluation method. Next, activities during the construction phase and environmental parameters in each of the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural aspects of the project were determined. Then, project activities and environmental parameters were placed in columns and rows of the matrix, respectively. This matrix was bearing cells containing two values of amplitude and magnitude of the impact. The numeric value for amplitude was 1-5 and for magnitud was 5+ to 5. With the production of two amplitude and magnitude, the final score was obtained for each cell with positive or negative scores. The mean scores for each row and column of the matrix were calculated, based on which conclusions were made for the matrix.

In this study, at first library studies were carried out and then, data and information on environmental impact assessment were collected by relevant experts, and eventually the Iranian version of the Leopold Matrix (modified Leopold) was selected as the evaluation method. Next, activities during the construction phase and environmental parameters in each of the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural aspects of the project were determined. Then, project activities and environmental parameters were placed in columns and rows of the matrix, respectively. This matrix was bearing cells containing two values of amplitude and magnitude of the impact. The numeric value for amplitude was 1-5 and for magnitud was 5+ to 5. With the production of two amplitude and magnitude, the final score was obtained for each cell with positive or negative scores. The mean scores for each row and column of the matrix were calculated, based on which conclusions were made for the matrix.

Environmental assessment of the construction of a cathode copper processing plant using Flash Furnace was rejected because of the large volume of contamination even after two environmental reforms. Therefore we propose that, the athouriteis of the factory examin the possibility of other methods to produce cathode copper including hydromeatalurogic methods and a new introduced technology named SKS.

Different methods are used in environmental impact assessment (EIA), like matrix methods which are included Leopold, Moore, conventional and modified ICOLD and etc.  Since the conventional and modified ICOLD results are mainly qualitative and decision making for implementation or non- implementation of the project would be difficult. Therefore, the aim of present study is offering strategy to normalize the results of modified ICOLD in order to compare with the results of Iranian Leopold method, while investigation and comparison between the results of the EIA has been taken by using the conventional and modified ICOLD matrices.

For this purpose, we used the EIA tools on the physical environment and only at the construction phase of Peyghamchay embankment dam, as a case study. Initial scrutiny was performed using both conventional and modified ICOLD points out that although the number of positive and negative impacts are the same in groups (+96, -235), but the impact values was quite different in two methods.

The value of positive impacts of conventional and modified ICOLD are +156.0 and +260.2 and the value of negative impacts are -341.0 and -392.8, respectively. These amounts ​​indicate an increase in the value of positive and negative impacts of 66.8 and 15.2 percent in modified ICOLD method compared to conventional, respectively. The normalized results of modified ICOLD method point out that the final value of physical environment impacts compared with principles of decision-making in Iranian Leopold method amounts to +0.83 and -1.08 for positive and negative results, respectively. In this case, for the physical environment, implementation of the project can only be carried out by recommended reforms. Discussion and

Considering the strategy presented in this research (the normalization of the results in modified ICOLD method), this method can be utilized exclusively and effectively, therefore, there would be no need to use the both methods for evaluation at the same time.

Environmental impact assessment is an important management tool that identifies environmental risks and impacts of a specific project and helps of decision makers in different scientific fields to detect possible effects of proposed projects. Nowadays, one of the projects that have important places in different countries is fisheries and aquaculture. Thus the study of environmental assessment to enhance aquaculture activities is a necessity. Therefore, in this study was investigate the environmental impacts of tilapia growing in Chah Khani in the outskirts of the dashtestan city of Bushehr province by using the matrix Leopold along with the measurement of physical and chemical factors in water wells. In this matrix the effects of impacts on the environment components based on the type, scope and severity of the effects were examined. At the end the conclusion of final scores presented in matrix showed the weighted scores are in physico-chemical environment (- 42), ecological environment - biological (+36) and economic environment - social (+304). This score shows that according to positive effects on ecological and economic environment, represents the positive effects of the project and desirable effects, especially in terms of economically and socially. Also in order to evaluate the environmental risk tilapia farming project was used of fish risk assessment model. Its findings showed that according to the obtained scores the risk of introduce species in terms of establishment is low and there is the possibility of introducing species in the study area with regard to risk mitigation measures and monitoring.

Ecotourism is an undeniable fact of modern life, which can have positive and negative effects on the environment. Today, parks and protected areas are hub for recreational activities, and despite the limitations that are applied on these activities, tracks, trails, roads, lookouts, fixed campsites and other types of accommodation generate negative impacts on the environment. Ecotourism have often direct impacts on soil, vegetation, wildlife, water resources, air quality, noise, social and economic aspects, land use change and land cover. According to the needs of human to nature and tourism and the undesirable effects of over-exploitation on the environment, tourism environmental impact assessment is necessary for protected areas. This study aimed to assess the environmental impacts of tourism development in protected areas. We can say that, tourism and visit of the pristine and protected areas, without attention to the ecological carrying capacity, can cause soil compaction and erosion, loss of vegetation, wildlife disturbance and so on. Eventually this process, leads to reduce the conservation values, and satisfaction of the tourists demands. Hence, tourism in protected areas is both a threat and an opportunity to the long-term conservation of the species and areas.  

Today, steel production and consumption is applied as an important criterion for measuring the degree of countries industrial development. Needing to investment in construction and economic infrastructure in developing countries, their steel production policy is in the direction of producing the various types of structural steel. In this regard, the main object of the studied steel plant construction is creating jobs in the region, reducing imports and contributing to the country's economic development through carbon ingot production with electric arc furnace technology. After assigning the direct study area of the project, the major contaminants arising from the project implementation were investigated in construction and implementation phases and the corrective actions considered to reduce the contaminants effects. In this research, Rapid Assessment method was used for environmental impact assesment that according to the results, among 96 detected impacts, 55.1 percent of the impacts are negative and 44.9 percent are positive that in case of observing the corrective actions before and after the project implementation, its negative impacts will be minimized. Also, it is recommended that after the plant costruction, apply a periodic monitoring of the outlet contaminants every three months.

Environmental impact assessment studies are one of the proper means of ensuring a sustainable development. Determining limitations and mitigation procedures for the negative effects compose the main core of the EIA procedure, in case the suggested development has been allowed. In this study, impact assessment has been applied for five suggested compost and landfill sites in Golestan Province of Iran.
In this study, considering the associated costs, linear programming has been applied to rank the proposed landfill and compost plant sites. For this purpose, GIS data has been used and the optimum site selection process has been implemented. The site has been determined so as to minimize the likely impacts.
Findings: The results show that by using linear programming, site 1 on the eastern part with a slight difference to others, and site 5 in the west,ern part with the least goal function value are the best. The most effective parameters for the sites 1 to 4 is underground water pollution, and for site 5 is loss of valuable land. However, at the site 5, the impact on the neighboring no-hunting area is more important than underground water pollution, considering costs and the required time for mitigation efforts.
Using the minimum and maximum levels of mitigation levels shows that increase of mitigation can reduce pollution, and vice versa. Sensitivity analysis confirms the accuracy of this method.

After 20 years of act in 1995 for EIA process in Iran for some plans and developing projects in addition to the legal position in the environmental assessment process and increasing the number of plans and projects about environmental assessment from 7 to 51 topics of plans and projects we are facing, in recent years significant increase in the number of evaluation reports. Now after two decades of the environmental assessment process it is time has to analyze this 20 years process to detect of strengths and weaknesses.

The petrochemistry has potentially huge environmental pollution hazards and harmful impacts on environment so it knowns as a pollutant industry over the world. On the other hand, there is special focus on developping the petrochemical industry because of its considerable benefits in our country.According to our upstream environmental laws and regulations, it is necessary to prepare an environmental impact assessment report before construction of any petrochemical plants. This report can be a powerfull tool for identification and management of project impacts. But our practices in petrochemical plants showed that current process is not successful for this purpose. In this study, the authors discuss on current environmental impact assessment process at first and then provide some suggestions and recommendations for improving the environmental impact assessment studies.

The aim of this study was to identify environmental impacts of small-scale renewable power plants for areas that are far from the national power grid and Compare the effects and costs. Therefore in this study, Sampling of air, water, soil and sound by EPA in a few chapters of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center conducted. The Delphi method is a group of 10-member of experts have rated effect of renewable power and with TOPSIS Scale a group of 12 the Grading and by TOPSIS method criteria were ranked priority. According to the results of environmental pollutants and comparison with the standard table, øFinally30 of the most important renewable power problems were identified in the Khojier National Park , That can be used to the high cost of solar power plants in the electricity production, Land occupied by solar panels (500 square meters of space for the amount of electricity generated by the solar panels needed), Severe water shortages in the region and the need for biomass plants to water (The ability to generate electricity from waste plant biomass due to the 2/7 kW) and so on. The management strategies can be to transfer of certain industrial activities outside the Khojier Research Center, Percentage of electricity supplied by renewable energy facility in conjunction with the existing diesel and increasing environmental activities Agricultural Research Center to help revive native plant species and native fauna breeding Khojir National Park to conserve the environment Khojier cited.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the effective methods of environmental protection. The new methods of assessing the impacts of developments are much needed and useful to improve the environmental status in Iran. Nowadays, many researchers are using new methods in impact assessment. Bayesian network is one of the artificial intelligence methods and is used because of its simplicity and potential to consider uncertainty in data and include expert judgment when data is lacking. Bayesian network is a direct graphical model that uses conditional probability to determine the relationships between nodes, the environmental components and project’s activities. Bayesian network is useful for interdisciplinary sciences and uncertainty is high. We suggest this method is appropriate for decision making in natural resources and environment sciences.

Understanding natural systems, as the most complex known systems, has always been difficult for human beings who are themselves component of those systems. This fact has created a lot of uncertainty in environmental planning and management. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a branch of environmental investigation is not an exception. Understanding the environmental components and their reactions to degradation is necessary in this assessment. However complexity in living systems and lack of knowledge about those interactions has made it difficult for us to understand the relationship and react to the changes. This fact influences the correct analysis and results of the assessment. Hence in many cases, the results of these assessments are far from reality. This research aims to introduce the concept of uncertainty in ecological research and then investigates this phenomenon in different methods of assessment for the factors affecting the uncertainty in EIA.

In an attempt to enhance the quality of academic education, the training needs of Master students of Environmental Impact Assessment were assessed. We asked 20 Master students of Environmental planning, management and education in Tehran University to evaluate the EIA course at the end of the fall semester of 2009. We designed questionnaires and after statistical analysis of the results, the student's training needs were determined. An approximate 85 percent of students evaluated the course as good level and 15% scored it as medium. In total, 85 percents of students required the practical course in order to complete the theoretical course of EIA. Around 50 percent preferred PowerPoint presentation of the course by software and 40 percent by blackboard or whiteboard and 10% required both of them. Around 70 percent of students declared the needs for electronic tutorial, E-book and knowledge web for updating and permanent access to EIA knowledge.

Achieving sustainable development depends on different factors and criteria which should also be harmonized in order to reach targets. In this research “Ecological Capability Evaluation Method” is used to recognize land capability. According to outdoor recreation land use map, there is no land suitability in our study area for “class one of intensive outdoor recreation land use”, also it is suitable for “class two of intensive outdoor recreation land use” and “class one and two of extensive outdoor recreation land use”. “Environmental Impact Assessment Method (checklist)” was used to analyze the environmental impacts of the project. According to the results, the maximum rate of beneficial impacts was related to long term benefits and the range of unbeneficial impacts was at local scale related to long term and reversible impacts. The applied method to gathering the needed social information was “Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)”. Finally local people were enabled to analyze the circumstance of the area and expressed their problems and presented their suggestion to solve the problems of their village. Finally, to codify the plan, the comprehensive analysis of existent situation was completed using “SWOT” matrix.

In recent decades, human activities have resulted in a lot of environmental impacts. Besides, lack of public knowledge about the surrounding environment and the negative environmental impacts have caused deeper and more significant impacts. Therefore, we need stronger and more proper tools for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) while the environmental impacts are increasing. Usually, huge amount of heterogeneous information are involved in the EIA process which the traditional methods are unable to handle it adequately. As the EIA is one of the suitable approaches to sustainable development and environmental management, so, adoption of a proper method for its application is vital. In this paper, we described the application of FUZZY Logic in EIA. This approach is able to support and handle the quantitative and qualitative data as well as helping practitioners for decision making.