جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « coral reefs » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Coral reefs provide the important and diverse part of ecosystem biologically. The population of hermatypic coral is declining around the world, in response to various stress factors including increasing sea surface temperatures. The increase of sea surface temperature leads to the collapse of symbiosis life between coral and its symbiont; so the algal colonies leave corals and results in the loss of corals’ colors. The highest threshold of bleaching has been observed in the coral reefs of the Persian Gulf. In this study, the status of the Persian Gulf coral reefs is shown in the Khark, Hendourabi, Kish and Larak Islands from January 2010 to September 2019 by direct observation and photographing. According to the observations, the health of corals has fallen sharply over this period, and there is less than 10% live coral in some parts of the Larak and Hendorabi islands. Despite the exceptional capacity of the Persian Gulf corals to survive over high temperatures compared to other coral reefs, when the temperature exceeds the tolerance threshold, these corals will also be bleached.

The International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS) is a well-established meeting scheduled to gather coral reef scientists from all over the world every four years. The aim of this study was to provide bibliometric assessment of papers presented in 13 rounds of ICRS. To achieve this goal, 30 papers were selected from each round (390 papers in total) and analyzed to determine trends in productivity, collaboration, citations, and study-topic distributions. Nearly all metrics showed an increasing trend. The mean number of citations received by ICRS papers was >26. In terms of study topic distributions, the papers presented at ICRS 2-7, 11, and 12 were to some extent similar in terms of topic distribution while others fall apart., the "coral bleaching" and "non-coral fauna and flora" studies were found to be the most common topics of presented papers. Papers presented at ICRS13 were highly devoted to conservations science. The United States and Australia were the most productive countries in the ICRS, and they made significant contributions towards the hosting of sessions.

Coral reefs are one of the most important marine ecosystems and their health and resilience have been threatened by several biotic and abiotic factors. The presence of organisms that are capable of overgrowth on living corals is known as one of the destructive biotic factor. Clathria sp. is an encrusting sponge that can overgrow on living coral colonies and it has been suggested that Clathria sp. can lead to death of corals by producing toxin substances. However, there is a lack of information about the occurrence of this sponge in the Persian Gulf. The purpose of this study is to investigate its presence in the coral communities of Kish Island. Regarding the aim, four sites were selected in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Kish Island and at each site, 20 meters long transect was laid down and coral colonies were examined directly along the transect. Based on the result, Clathria sp. was observed on 18% (9 ±) of the colonies of Porites sp. in the coral carpet of Kish Island.

Coral reefs provide good places for nutrition and breeding of many marine species including invertebrates and vertebrata (algae، marine grasses، sponges، Mollusca، crustacean، fish، etc…). Biodiversity is noticeable in these ecosystems and for this reason they are very important. With regarding to high important of these ecosystems for preserving of biodiversity and fragility of them as compared to destructive factors and environmental pollutants، and also because very long time recovery، approximately more than 100 years، protect of these shelters is very important. These important ecosystems are affected by many environmental crisis that occur by human، such as: oil compounds، agricultural and industrial sewages، global warming، climate changes، tourism، over fishing، coastal development، etc…. It is necessary to recognized and manage crises points for preserving. Creation and development of artificial reef (Ekoreef) is one of the most important strategies for preserve and restoration of coral reefs.

Coral reefs are classified in Coelenterata & Cnidaria phylum. They are primitive Eumetazoa that have special adjectives and distinct tissues. These ecosystems provide good places for nutrition and breeding of many marine species including invertebrates and vertebrata (algea, marine grasses, sponges, mollusca, crustacea, fishes, etc…). In these ecosystems biodiversity is noticeable and for this reason they are very important. With regarding to high important of these ecosystems for preserving of biodiversity and fragility of them against destructive factors and environmental pollutants, and also because of very long time, approximately more than hundred years, are needed for creation of coral pulipes, protect of these shelters is very important. These important ecosystems are affected and destructed by many environmental crisis that occur by human, like: The pollution due to oil compounds, agricultural and industrial sewages, global warming, climate changes, tourism distractive activities, over fishing, coastal development, etc…It is essential that, before occurrence of inexpiable impairment due to destruction of these beautiful and fragile ecosystems, crises points must be recognized and manage for preserving. If these ecosystems be distracted, because of many species in the coral reefs are renewable with delay or unrenewable, if so environmental favorite condition be existing, at least 500 years is needed for restructuring for them. Creation and development of artificial reef (Ekoreef) is one of the most important strategies for preserve and restoration of coral reefs. Today artificial habitats are notable in the world. Most countries located in the offshore regions have paid attention to this opinion and in this way have restored damaged regions and increased marine products as well. Ekoreef is a structure like natural habitat that is located in seas for positive effects in exploitation from sea and without negative effects on environment. With regard to ending the products of oil fields in many countries, oil platforms are gradually increasing. Reuse of the segments of these platforms in the coastal regions is a part of ultimate potential designs of coral reefs that are named Ekoreef opinion. The design of platform located in the sea is dependent on the purpose of coral creation. Assessment of socio-economic and environmental effect of Ekoreef is necessary before applying it.