use value

Considering the extent of oil and gas industries and the effective role of these industries in causing environmental pollution, it is necessary to formulate a strategic plan for managing the performance of environmental improvement. In this article, the formulation of the performance management system and environmental improvement by presenting the best combination of oil and gas holding strategy based on BSC, fuzzy AHP, game theory, and in fact the purpose of this article is to present a model that utilizes the capabilities of The goals of the balanced scorecard landscape and game theory are to allow organizational planners to make changes due to economic, political and critical policies in their organization's strategic and executive planning.

considering that this researcher investigates a scientific problem using the theoretical and fundamental research of others to apply it in the real world, therefore, the current research is qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. In terms of the nature of data collection, it is also a case study and falls within the scope of descriptive research. The statistical population of this research is all senior managers of Nagar Sanat Petrochemical Oil and Gas Holding and CEOs of its subsidiaries. After determining the key objectives of evaluating the performance of balanced scorecard landscapes based on previous research literature, the fuzzy AHP method, the Likert spectrum tool and also determining the map of related objectives in each landscape, the proposed strategies and different combinations of its different aspects are available to a working group 5. Some of the experts of oil, gas and petrochemical holdings have been appointed and based on their valuable experiences in that industry and on the basis of the final strategy map and beta coefficients of the path obtained in the estimation of the model, the amount of usefulness resulting from the implementation of each strategy and the combination of several strategies numerically assigned between 0 and 5.

Based on the possible results of each strategy proposal in the landscape of the balanced score card and the application of the theory of cooperative games and the Shepley value obtained for the players, the order of their strength and sensitivity in coalitions is obtained as C>L>I>F, the best strategy combination with The highest coefficient of desirability in order to achieve the ultimate goals of the organization reached the combination of the C3L3I2F2 strategy, which is the customer perspective (focusing on the methods of obtaining customer satisfaction), the growth and learning perspective (focusing on acquiring knowledge in the field of improving activities through increasing the technical knowledge of specialists) and the internal process perspective. The establishment of order management systems in order to increase the efficiency of ordering processes (internal process) (planning to increase revenues by reducing overhead costs) showed the best benefit. Among the goals identified from the customer's point of view in this research is penetration in new markets, which has the most direct effect on increasing revenue with a beta coefficient of 0.774.

The environmental performance management system is a part of a management system that includes the required structure, planning, activities, responsibilities, methods, processes and resources for the purpose of developing, implementing, reviewing and maintaining the policy. environment are used.

Cultural ecosystem services, as one of the components of ecosystem services, are intangible human benefits from ecosystems that play a fundamental role in promoting human well-being. Rapid changes in land use with damage to ecological assets in the Ilam urban watershed have reduced the capacity of ecosystem services, including aesthetic quality. Therefore, the evaluation of the supply of aesthetic ecosystem service, which shows the biological diversity in urban areas and favorable conditions for life, is considered essential for inclusion in the improvement plans of Ilam city in line with appropriate management measures. In this vein, in the current research, an integrated approach to prepare an aesthetic map with the aim of showing the spatial distribution of the supply of aesthetic services in the Ilam urban watershed has been presented, the results of which can greatly influence planning and managerial decisions regarding future development towards urban sustainability by preserving natural ecosystems.

Spatial distribution of providing aesthetic ecosystem services in Ilam urban watershed using 12 visual and ecological criteria including: slope, Elevation, geomorphology, land use, habitat characteristics, visibility of various areas, visibility of roads, visibility of residential areas, visibility of the river, visibility of the park, type and density of vegetation were investigated. To prepare visibility layers, Viewshed function was used in TerrSet Idrisi software. Then, the input layers were integrated using fuzzy membership functions and using the weighted linear combination method in the ArcGIS 10.8 system. Among the multi-criteria decision-making methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to prioritize the criteria.

Based on the results of the hierarchical analysis process and according to the results of the experts Among the input criteria, visibility of the river, type of vegetation and visibility of diverse areas were assigned the most weight with values of 0.14, 0.127 and 0.116 respectively. On the other hand, the least importance and weight was observed in the measure of road visibility. Based on the final map of aesthetic quality, the best quality of this service is in the parts of the north, east, southeast and west of the Ilam urban watershed, where these places have the best visibility of the river, visibility of various areas, high to medium altitude and with dominant forest cover.

The results of this study showed, that areas with forest cover and areas with human uses have the highest and lowest capacity of this service in the study area, respectively, which denotes the importance of natural green uses compared to artificial uses and human-made is in providing aesthetic service. These results indicate that the capacity of the watershed ecosystem of Ilam city in providing aesthetic services varies in different places and is influenced by various factors, especially topographic changes and land use patterns. That is to say, prevent land use change is an important factor for maintaining ecosystem services. Because the land use Changes pattern affects the capacity of the ecosystem to produce goods and services. The results of this research also, by presenting the spatial distribution model of aesthetic service potential can be useful for decision makers, managers and urban planners in order to monitor and protect aesthetic values and it is important and useful to adopt urban landscape management strategies and plans in the landscape of the studied area.

The longevity in dairy cow is the duration of presence of an animal the herd from the date of first calving to the date culled. In present research, the aim is 1) to estimate the genetic parameters of the longevity trait of uncensored animals using random regression model and 2) to study longevity of daughters of sires in the population using the EBV of bulls based on 20 daughters and 3) to test the random regression model (RRM) for EBV prediction of Animals with censored data. Genetic parameters of longevity and breeding value of bulls were estimated by ECHIDNA software using RRM with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. The file used for the genetic evaluation contained data on 18,120 daughters from 906 bulls. A number of 20 daughters that randomly selected from each sire to use for EBV prediction. In addition to the daughters used for genetic evaluation (18,120 cows), there were 285,064 daughters of the bulls in the main file. The bulls were grouped according to the Breeding value from high to low based on the area under the normal curve. Then, the mean of longevity of the daughters in each group who were not used the EBV prediction calculated. In a file 10 daughters were randomly selected of 20 daughters of each bull and their months of longevity divided by 2 and 3. These data were considered as censored in the data file. The permanent environmental effect and the additive genetic effect had the largest and smallest contribution to the total variance, respectively. The heritability of the trait was low (0.003-0.032) which is in agreement with results of other report. The difference of mean longevity between groups (LSD test) was significant (P˂0.01). Also, the increase of the mean of EBV of the groups, the mean of longevity of their daughters in the population increased. The correlation of EBV of animals with censored and uncensored data state were +0.815. In the split the low heritability of the longevity trait, using the sperm of superior bulls in terms of EBV of longevity can improve the longevity in the population. Also, it is possible to evaluate and select the bulls with a low progeny number and increase the mean of longevity in the population of Holstein dairy cows. Moreover, the EBV of longevity for young and producing animals can be predicted by RRM.

Forest ecosystems show the most important values of natural assets. Low and unfavorable valuation of forests and considering them as free goods leads to inefficient allocation and mismanagement of forests. Wild pistachio and wild almond forests are among the most important forests in Kerman province. The purpose of this study is to estimate the conservation value of wild pistachio (Pistacia terebinthus) and wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) forests and the average household willingness to pay using socio-economic factors, environmental inclinations and tourist perspective.

This study has evaluated the economic evaluation of forests using the logit binary model with a two-dimensional double conditional valuation approach. Data were collected using 172 questionnaires from rural and nomadic communities and Excel 2013 and Nlogit 5 software were used to estimate the model.

The results showed that socio-economic factors such as age, education, income and proposed amount, as well as environmental inclinations and tourist attitudes are factors affecting the conservation value and protection of this forest ecosystem and also the attitude of society. The location of the forests was positive and thought-provoking. The average willingness to pay protection value by numerical integration method was estimated to be 16059.09 Tomans per month for each household in the year 2019.

Factors such as young age (youth), high-income household, higher education, environmental inclinations and tourism perspective are among the factors affecting the protection and importance of forests. Regional policymakers and planners are encouraged to pay special attention to young people participating in forest development and conservation projects, as well as development and environmental programs in In order to increase income and increase environmental awareness and culture in their plans.

This study was conducted to evaluate the consequences of land use changes on the values of ecosystem services in urban areas of the west of Tehran province. For this purpose, first, the land use/cover types of the region in 1985, 2000 and 2015 were classified using the maximum likelihood method, and their changes over time were examined. Then, different types of existing ecosystem services were identified using the theoretical approach presented by Costanza et al. (1997), and their economic value was calculated. Finally, the relationship between factors affecting land use changes and ecosystem service values was analyzed using multiple regression. The results show that, following the reduction of rangelands and agricultural lands, the value of ecosystem services has decreased by 51.2%. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the nine following factors affecting socio-economic development have the greatest impact on reducing the value of ecosystem services in the region, respectively: the increase in the number of roads, number of employees, population, public vehicles, non-agricultural income, value of industrial assets, number of immigrants, size of agricultural plots, and GDP. Therefore, spatial planning measures, such as spatial rules and policies, should be taken in this region to prohibit the expansion of constructed lands in the area of green and natural lands.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) is an annual plant considered as pseudocereals and belongs to the chenopodiaceae family. Quinoa has excellent properties as low water demand, resistant to drought, salinity and nutritional quality, which are the reason for the great interest in IRAN. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive value, fermentabiliy and digestibility of 10 genotypes of quinoa crop residues (Titicaca, Red Carina, Gizal, Q12, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26, Q29 and Q31) in a completely randomized design. In the hardening stage of quinoa seeds, complete quinoa plants were harvested, were dried and then the seeds were separated. The quinoa straw samples were used for determine of chemical composition and fermentabiliy parameters via gas test production method. The concentration of chemical composition were different between different genotypes of quinoa straw. The range of variations were for dry matter between 92.44 to 94.29%, crude protein 3.53 to 11.0%, organic matter 84.25 to 89.65%, ether extract 1.20 to 2.30%, crude ash 9.90 to 15.59%, neutral detergent fiber 57.60 to 72.40%, acid detergent fiber 35.60 to 43.20% and nitrogen-free extract 9.41 to 18.09% and these difference between genotypes were significant (P<0.01), except of DM. The 24h gas production, potential of gas production (b), rate of gas production (c) were different between straw quinoa genotypes (P<0.01). The gas production in Red Carina, Q18, Q26 and Q29 genotypes were higher than other genotypes and (b) parameter in Gizal, Q18, Q26 and Q31 genotypes were higher than other genotypes (P<0.01). Furthermore, the digestibility of organic matter and metabolisable energy in different genotypes had range between 33.30 to 39.39% and 4.88 to 5.97 J/g, respectively (P<0.01). In general, the results have shown that the concentration of CP in Red Carina, Q12, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26 and Q29 quinoa straw is higher than cereal straw and other agricultural residues and can be used as a new protein feedstuff for provide nutritive requirement of ruminants, especially ewes.

Background & Concerns about environmental degradation have increased in the past few decades. In response to these concerns, consumers help preserve the environment by adopting green purchasing behavior and using green products. Environmental issues and environmental protection are one of the most important criteria that consumers should consider when purchasing. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of altruistic value, environmental awareness and social media on green purchasing behavior with the mediating role of normative goal and environmental concern.
Material and  This study is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive research in terms data collection method. The statistical population of the research is the customers of organic food products in Tehran in 2022. Also, 415 questionnaires were distributed using available sampling method and 387 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by evaluating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.919. Validity of the research tool has been confirmed by performing confirmatory factor analysis technique. Structural equation modeling has also been used to analyze the information.
According to the results of research hypotheses, the perceived effectiveness of the customer, social media, environmental awareness, and altruistic value have a significant effect on the normative goal and environmental concern. Also, the role of normative goal and environmental concern on green purchasing behavior has been shown.
Discussion and From the point of view of customers, the most influential factor on the environmental attitude is the altruistic value variable with the statistic of 13/363 and the least effective factor on the normative goal is the environmental awareness variable with a statistic of 3.521.

Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northeast of Iran (N 36°54' - 36°64', E 54°35' - 54°45').

To do so land unit map was provided and sampling was done based on land units. Then, sampled seeds from 23 sampling unites were transferred to seed physiology lab for operational experiments. After operational experience, germination percent, germination value and mean time to germination for each unit were determined.

The results showed that germination percent of pistachio seeds has had significant positive correlation with altitude, but hasn’t had significant correlation with slope and aspect (p<0.01). Correlation between germination value and altitude wasn’t significant, while slope and aspect have had significant correlation with germination value (p<0.01).

 Regarding to results, germination percent in high altitudes was more than low altitudes. Germination value in law altitude and 0-30 percent slope was more than other aspects and slopes. Seeds that were collected from north and south aspects and above 60 percent slope have had more germination value than other aspects and slopes. Mean time to germination for east aspect and 30-60 percent slopes were less than other aspects and slopes.

The transition to global sustainability requires a change in human values, attitudes and behaviors, what creates these changes in the field of environmental behaviors is the emergence of a new form of citizenship called environmental citizenship. In this regard, the value-belief-norm model of Stern et al. (1999) states that people will change their behavior if they understand their value and take responsibility for their actions. Based on this, the main purpose of this study is to explain the behavior of environmental citizenship under the influence of altruistic values ​​and mediated by responsibility among citizens aged 18 and over in Kashan in 2019. Based on the research findings, the relationship between altruistic and responsibility variables with environmental citizenship behavior is significant. Also, according to the volume model, both altruism and responsibility variables are moderate (F2 = 0.275 and F2 = 0.245), respectively. The value of Q2 is also equal to 0.269 shows that in general, the predictive power of the model is moderate. In addition, the effect of partial mediation of the responsibility variable for the relationship between altruism and environmental citizenship behavior has been confirmed, so that the VAF value of 0.384 indicates that 38% of the effect of altruism on environmental citizenship behavior through Indirect is explained by the mediating variable of responsibility.

Urban greenspace is a very important and vital element in urban planning so that parks and urban greenspace are usually considered as a very important solution to improve the quality of social life. Urban parks and greenspaces provide valuable recreational opportunities for the residents of cities. Nowadays, determining the real value of environmental resources is an important issue in resource investment and pricing. Environmental economists believe that there is a necessity for economic and recreational valuation of non-market services and benefits, such as parks and green spaces. Estimating the recreational value of parks is also effective in improving environmental policies and increasing human well-being and eventually, it could lead to achieving sustainable development.There are various approaches to estimate the economic values of environmental resources. Common approaches such as market valuation are not applicable for the valuation of parks and green because of non-market services. The use of substitute market techniques is one of the price-based valuation methods for non-exchange ecological services of parks and green spaces, which refer to the expressed preferences in real markets. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is one of the most common and practical methods of economic valuation of non-market environmental services and resources based on the community demand for their protection and use. Regarding the growing demand for public resorts and recreation areas in cities, the study of effective factors on people's demands can help to predict the needs of urban recreation and entertainment. So, the present study has been conducted to estimate the economic valuation of recreational activities and the effective factors of the willingness of visitors to pay for Baharan Park in Meybod city located in Yazd province. If the value of environmental resources is estimated in monetary units, it would be comparable to the value of other resources goods, and services and it would help policymakers and planners for the necessary support of these ecosystems.

This study has conducted in Baharan Park located in Meybod city, Yazd province, Iran. The mean annual rainfall and temperature of this city are 60 mm and 19 °C, respectively (Meybod Meteorological Organization, 1398). The altitude of the study area is 1234 meters above sea level. Baharan Park is situated in the center of Meibod city, between 54°1'24" and 54°1'32" longitude and 32°12'32" and 32°12'59" latitude with an area of 23.2 hectares.Data were collected by completing 169 questionnaires, which were determined based on the Cochran method. The questionnaires include information about the personal, social, and economic characteristics of visitors and questions related to the willingness of the visitors to pay. The essential assumption in this method is that some variables such as "age", "household dimension", "monthly income", "duration of visit", "gender", "occupation", "level of education", "transportation vehicle", and "season" play the main role in the willingness or unwillingness of people to pay.In this study, the contingent valuation method was used to measure the willingness to pay and recreational value in parks and green spaces. Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice (DDC) was used among the different methods for evaluation of the willingness of visitors to pay. In the contingent valuation method, the model has a dependent variable with dichotomous qualitative choice. A logit regression model based on maximum likelihood is usually used for qualitative choice methods. Normal and logistical distributions are used in the probabilistic logit model. The predicted probability values of this model are between zero and one. This method requires determining and selecting a higher bid to the initial bid, which is given a higher value to the "yes" answer and a lower bid to the "no" answer. In this study, three bids (20,000, 30,000, and 50,000 Rials) were asked in the form of related questions.Then, a logit regression model and STATA and SHAZAM software were used in order to analyze the data. The dependent variable was the willingness to pay (in Rials) and the independent variables were socioeconomic characteristics including age, household size, monthly income, duration of visit, gender, occupation, level of education, transportation, season. Based on the contingent valuation model, the logit model was fitted using Cragg-Uhler, Esterlla, Maddala, and Mc Fadden coefficients. Also, likelihood ratio tests and variance heterogeneity tests were used to ensure the reliability of the estimated model results. Conventional methods such as Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey and White test cannot be used to check for the presence or absence of variance heterogeneity in logit patterns. In this regard, there is an LM2 statistic to test the variance heterogeneity in logit patterns.

The results of variance heterogeneity tests indicated that the model does not have variance heterogeneity. The value of the probability ratio statistic was 41.04. Since this value is higher than the value of probability value, the total estimated pattern is statistically significant at the 5% level. The Maddala, Esterlla, Cragg-Uhler, and Mc Fadden coefficients for the estimated logit model, were 0.21, 0.23, 0.28, and 0.17, respectively. The percentage of correct predictions was 71%, and so this pattern is reliable for subsequent analysis since the correct predictable value for logit patterns is 60%. The results of model estimation showed that between 15 independent variables, four variables are statistically significant (P <0.05). Visit duration (with the coefficient of 0.114), education level (with the coefficient of 0.065), transportation vehicles (with the coefficient of 0.056), and maximum offer amount (with the coefficient of 0.114), significantly affect the willingness of people to pay to enter and improve the condition and maintenance of the park.The average expected value of willingness to pay per visitor of Baharan Park was 2.2821. Also, the average willingness to pay for each visitor was evaluated at 38350 Rials to improve the condition and protection of Baharan Park in Meybod. The monthly and annually recreational value of this park is equal to 161070 and 1932840 Rials according to the average willingness to pay to each household.

In this study, the variable "education level" has a direct and significant relationship with the willingness of people to pay in Baharan Park. With an increasing educational level, the willingness to pay increases by 0.065 percent. Studies in this field show that the high level of education has led to their acceptance to pay for beauty functions because there is a positive relationship between education and recognizing the importance of the environment. People with higher education have more knowledge to protect natural ecosystems because of more information about the importance of natural resources.According to the results of this study, the variable "transportation vehicles" has a significant negative relationship with the willingness of people to visit Baharan Park. If people do not use a personal car, the willingness to pay will decrease by 0.056 percent. Most visitors prefer to travel to the recreational areas by car. The variable "maximum offer amount" has a negative significant relationship with the willingness of people (P <0.05). In other words, visitors are less willing to pay the entrance fee with the higher amount of bids to enter Baharan Park.The results of this study indicate that there is a willingness of visitors and tourists to pay in order to use and support the natural and cultural attractions of recreational areas. Therefore, due to the high potential of Baharan Park in attracting local and non-native tourists, the number of tourists and their willingness to pay will increase if the welfare facilities are created, the condition of the park is improved, and transportation is developed. Also, considering the recreational value of Baharan Park in Meybod city, planners and officials must change the economic attitude of tourists in the region to develop sustainable tourism and increase the number of visitors.

The objective of this study was predicting breeding values for sires and cows at an early stage of cows’ first lactation, to enable early selection of sires. Accuracy of predicted breeding values were investigated using cross validation method. Data consisted of 2,166,925 test-day records from 456,712 cows calving between 1990 and 2015. (Co)-variance components and breeding values were estimated using a random regression test-day model and the average information Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. Legendre polynomial functions of order 3 were chosen to fit the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects and homogeneous residual variance was assumed throughout lactation. The lowest heritability of daily milk yield was estimated to be 0.14 in early lactation, and the highest heritability of daily milk yield was estimated to be 0.18 in mid lactation. Cross validation showed high positive correlation of predicted breeding values between consecutive yearly evaluations for both cows and sires. Correlation between predicted breeding values in early lactation (5-90 days) and late lactation (181-305 days) were 0.77-0.87 for cows and 0.81-0.94 for sires. These results show that we can select sires according to their daughters’ early lactation before they finish first lactation. This can be used to decline generation interval and increase genetic gain in Iranian Holstein population.

The main purpose of this study is to estimate the relative emphasis on production and reproductive traits of growth and longevity in dairy herds of Pars Animal Husbandry Company. This study was conducted using a bioeconomic model and by determining the economic value and relative importance of each of these traits in the breeding programs of dairy cattle breeding system of Pars Livestock Company in Ardabil province. The first step in the development of breeding goals is to determine the economic coefficients for the traits that are considered as breeding goals. The economic value of a trait indicates the contribution of the genetic growth of a trait in improving the economic efficiency of the production system. In order to study the effects of change in input values on the model response, sensitivity test was used. Also, for comparing different attributes, the relative emphasis of each attribute was calculated. The annual profit of each productive cattle in this research was reported to be 5529076.86 9 Rials. Attributes can be divided into several categories in terms of the type of effects on revenues and expenses. A group of traits increase the income and cost of the production unit as well as the profit compared to the baseline (initial amount) by increasing their average. Most of the production traits including milk production, fat production, weight gain after weaning, adult body weight, and survival rate before and after weaning were in this category. However, with an increase of one unit in daily weight gain before weaning, income and expenses have increased compared to the base amount, but the profit has decreased. In the other category were traits whose average increase was both a decrease in income and a decrease in costs, which led to a decrease in profit, which included the traits of production life and the calving interval in this group. The traits of the third group had no effect on income, but as the average increased, the unit costs of production increased, resulting in a decrease in annual profits, which included age at first calving. The fourth category also includes an attribute that has no effect on cost and with the increase of unit income has caused profitability, which is the attribute of milk fat in this category. The results also showed that the highest relative importance or emphasis was related to milk production with a value of 45.01% and the lowest was related to the calving interval of 4.17%.However, in terms of the relative importance of traits in each category, in the group of production traits, milk production and milk fat had the highest relative importance. In the group of survival and survival traits, the priority of survival rate after weaning, survival rate before weaning and production life, as well as in the reproductive group, age at first calving and calving interval were the highest relative importance, respectively. In the group of growth traits, adult body weight, weight gain after weaning and weight gain before weaning, respectively, had the highest relative importance. Sensitivity test results also showed that the effect of fluctuations of production factors on economic values of traits are not the same. and some traits are more stable.

Visual quality and beauty are important and major components of man-made environment, particularly in urban areas. The visual quality evaluation and landscape structural indices are essential necessities in management of visual quality and beauty of urban areas. The fundamental studies of landscape beauty components are not after evaluating the beauty or loftiness, but they seek to identify beauty preferences and the most important criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the most important criteria in landscape visual quality evaluation of Ayatollah Shirazi and Ahmadabad in Mashhad. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed at 5 stages using Principal Components Analysis method in SPSS® softwareVersion 16 for Windows and finally the most important criteria were identified. The analysis demonstrated that among 20 mental criteria utilized in this study, six variables including passageways width, the density and compactness of vegetation (green), tree components of the the vegetation, bushes and shrubs components of the vegetation, green spaces, the layout of plants and the existence of flowers in green space paths were the principal components and had the highest importance. As the principal components, these can be used as representative of other components. The analysis enables the researchers to analyze the data faster, more accurately and and examine the visual quality using reduced data volume.

The present study was conducted by comparing the production capacity of six domestic commercial hybrids with 14 imported commercial. In this study, 3 replications included half gram from the beginning of egg hatching were placed in hatchery envelopes. Considering the same breeding site, the best commercial hybrids in terms of yield can be identified and introduced. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and data under Graphpad Prism and Minitab were analyzed. The analyses were performed using ANOVA and differences between means were examined using the Tukey test. According to the results, 872*871 and 103*104 hybrids were the best population hybrids with about 98.5% hatching (p < 0.05). The total weight of the cocoon obtained in hybrids with Q*B 9/667 and L*OR and QA*BB with 663 grams were in the top group (p < 0.05). The results showed that the average cocoon shell weight in hybrids 872*871, 154*153, S*M and 103*104 in the group, had a significant increase (p < 0.05). In the case of cocoon production for 10,000 larvae, 153*153, 872*871 and S*M hybrids had the best cocoon production, respectively (p < 0.05). Specifically, the number of cocoons per liter was S*M and 872*871 hybrids with the lowest number of cocoons per liter as the best group in this trait. The overall conclusion of this study shows that domestic hybrids in many economic traits in silkworm breeding are or better than imported hybrids and can be used as a suitable alternative in this industry in Iran.

There are many medicinal plants in Iran that can be grazed by livestock. Due to lack of information about the nutritional value of some medicinal plants, this study aimed to investigate the chemical-mineral composition, buffering capacity and some digestive-fermentation parameters of medicinal species including Artemisia aucheri Boiss, Salvia leriifolia Benth, Achilea santolina and Nepeta glumerulosa by in vitro procedures. N. glumerulosa had the highest ADF (30.03%), NDF (46.46%), ADL (16.79%) and CF (32.87%) contents(p < 0.05). The highest crude protein (22.19%) and non-fiber carbohydrates (36.96%) were also related to A. santolina (p < 0.05). The calcium ranged from a high of 44.06 g/kgDM in S. leriifolia Benth to a low of 4.39 g/kgDM in A. santolina. The plants containing A. santolina (48.04 ml) and S. leriifolia Benth (39.72) also showed high potential gas production, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest dry matter digestibility (60%) belonged to A. santolina (p < 0.05). The range of metabolizable energy differed from 4.65 MJ/kg DM for A. aucheri Boiss to 7.29 MJ/kg DM for A. santolina. The ammonia nitrogen concentration (28.06-29.62 mg/dL) was not affected by the experimental treatments. The highest amount of pH (5.98) correlated to plant and acid-buffering capacity (212.12 mEq×10 -3 ) was observed in A. aucheri Boiss and S. leriifolia Benth species, respectively (p < 0.05). According to the available results, A. santolina had a higher nutritional value.

It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazandaran using models of ecological urban development, information value and correlation.

At first, effective ecological factors in determining appropriate zonation for urban development in the form of information layers were developed in Arc GIS environment the urban development ecological model was used for determining range of each class. However for calculating the weight of classes in each factor model of information value was used through comparing areas of cities in each class with the whole area. The weight of factors effective on zonation was calculated using the appropriate weight for each layer and implementing the above mentioned models.

Results show that elevation of 0-400 and 1200-1800 meters, slope of 0-6 percents, the northern direction, quaternary fluvial, precipitation of less than 500 and higher 800 millimeters, wet of less than 60 percents and vegetation density of 30 -60 percents are appropriate for urban development.

factors of soil, lithology, elevation, slope, vegetation, wet, rain and aspect received the highest to the lowest priority in location of urban areas and obtaining zonation map respectively. Evaluation of the models indicated the information value is of a higher accuracy.