جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "استان اردبیل" در نشریات گروه "کشاورزی"

The value chain has become an important tool for understanding business relations, improving efficiency, and empowering to improve productivity and added value. The current research aims to study this important and strategic issue by examining the value chain of potato products in Ardabil city. In terms of the purpose, the research is an applied study. In addition, the current research is a descriptive-analytical research that has investigated the value chain of potato production by using Porter's model. The statistical population of the research included the managers and experts of the Ardabil Province Agricultural Jihad Department and farmers of Ardabil Province, among whom 384 cases were selected based on the Morgan table and a purposeful sampling method. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the results of the research on the relationship between the components of the value chain of potato production activity, with scores of 8.2 and 5.9, the departments providing inputs and production factors and managing human resources in the region were assigned the best and weakest performance in the value chain of this product, respectively.

Rangeland ecosystems cover more than half of the earth's land surface, these ecosystems have high carbon sequestration and cause the formation of about 10% of the total biomass carbon reserves and 30% of soil carbon. Carbon sequestration potential differs according to plant species, habitats, and management methods. Each ecosystem has a certain potential which is determined by utilizing of natural vegetation, climatic conditions, and physical and chemical properties of the soil. Moreover, the amount of carbon in the soil and plants depends on the characteristics of topography, and any change in the elevation and slope of the habitat will affect the amount of organic carbon in the soil and plant cover and carbon sequestration. Therefore, it is important to determine the effects of elevation and slope characteristics, type of vegetation and canopy cover, and soil characteristics on the amount and changes of carbon sequestration. In this study, the carbon sequestration capacity and its relationship with some physical and chemical characteristics of soil, topography, and rangeland habitat have been investigated.

Sampling was conducted in six sites in elevation gradient (from 1400 to 3600 m above sea level; rainfall from 350 to 700 mm; the mean temperature varies from -0.24 to 10.1 °C) in the north of Sablan Mountain, Meshginshahr County, Iran, including three sites with the dominant physiognomy of grass-shrublands and three sites with grassland in three elevation levels of less than 2000, 2000-2500 and more than 2500 m above sea level. In each site, soil sampling was conducted at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. The random-systematic method was used to study vegetation variables. In this way, 10 plots of one m2 (based on the distribution pattern of plants) were established in each of the three transects with a length of 100 m along each transect. After determining the normality of the data and the homogeneity of the variance of the data,  two-way analysis of variance general linear model (GLM) was used for the overall comparison.

The results showed that with the increase in elevation in the two investigated habitats (grassland and grass-shrubland), the carbon sequestration in the soil increased. Moreover, the results indicate that the depth of the soil has a significant effect on the carbon sequestration capacity. Thus the highest amount of soil carbon deposition is in the soil depth of 0-15 cm in the grassland habitat with an elevation of more than 2500 m (70.53 gr cm-2), then the depth of 0-15 cm in the grass-shrub habitat. At an elevation of more than 2500 m (63.98) and a soil depth of 30-15 cm, the grassland habitat is at an elevation of 2000-2500 m (62.73), and its lowest amount belongs to a soil depth of 30-15 cm. The grass-shrub habitat is at an elevation of less than 2000 m. The results of the correlation analysis of carbon sequestration in habitats and different elevation classes indicate a negative relationship with the percentage of sand, acidity, and electrical conductivity of the soil, and a positive correlation with the percentage of clay and silt, the percentage of organic carbon and organic matter, the percentage of carbon, particulate organic matter, soil nitrogen, and total vegetation cover has shown.

The distribution of carbon stocks between biomass and soil varies among ecosystems and is influenced by elevation, so that the carbon sequestration potential is more significant in high elevation classes than in lower classes. Based on the estimated carbon values in the studied habitats, it can be concluded that the higher percentage of canopy cover and density preserves more moisture and prevents evaporation, which in turn can affect the amount of cover and density. Therefore, the effect of vegetation in different elevation classes on the amount of changes in soil carbon deposition is confirmed based on the results obtained in this research. Overall, the carbon sequestration potential is different according to habitat and elevation classes; therefore, by better understanding these factors and investigating the management factors that affect the sequestration process, we can take steps towards strengthening carbon sequestration and sustainable management of rangelands.

Job creation should governments provide cooperatives with material and moral support and pave the way for job creation as one of the foundations of economic stability. This study aims to examine the situation of cooperatives benefiting from employment facilities is a rural stable in Ardabil province, the statistical population of which is rural cooperative companies active in Ardabil province. The results of interviews with 26 cooperatives receiving loans showed that 21 cooperatives were able to create employment in the cooperative after obtaining sustainable employment facilities, and this means a positive and effective impact of sustainable employment facilities, which is also the report and statistical data. Confirms that one of the other objectives of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the success and failure of cooperatives benefiting from sustainable rural employment facilities in Ardabil province, which were surveyed with a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to evaluate the reliability, we used Cronbach's alpha, which number 0.914 showed the reliability of the questionnaire used. This questionnaire was completed by 40 managers of cooperatives in the province and in four components to evaluate the factors affecting the performance and success of these cooperatives the use of factor analysis was discussed. According to the analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the component of improving participatory capabilities and motivational factors in the workplace has the greatest impact on the success and performance of rural cooperatives. The least score and impact has the improvement of internal management of cooperatives.

Recently, slow adoption of chemical pesticides alternatives and the increasing of pests has greatly increased the health risk potential in pesticides consumption among farmers. Therefore, this descriptive survey study aimed to determine the most important predictors of health risk in pesticides consumption among potato growers in Ardabil province, Iran. A sample of 370 potato growers were chosen among Ardabil province potato growers (N= 4876), according to the table of Bartlett et al. using multi-stage sampling method. The results revealed that farmers overused in different chemical pesticides and the most farmers (35.7%) were at a high level of health risk. Chlorpyrifos and Trifluralin had the highest level of pesticides overuse, while Chlorpyrifos and Metribuzin were the most hazardous pesticides for health risk. According to the decision tree model and calculation of the composite index, farm size, social norm, perceived chemical pesticides risk and history of participation in training courses, were the most important predictors of health risk index, respectively. Training, technical and financial support for small-scale farmers to replace hazardous chemical pesticides; receiving continuous educational feedback from farmers' perception of pesticide overuse hazard and improving social norms with the local leaders’ support and skilled farmers can reduce the health risk of farmers in chemical pesticides consumption.

It is impossible to manage water resources in basins without the accurate determination of the peak flood discharge. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the peak flood discharge for the return period of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years using RSM model in Darrehrood sub-basins with 12900 km2 area in Ardebil Province. Flow data of 16 hydrometric stations were collected in a statistical period of 15 years (2001-2005) and statistical deficiencies in the joint period were eliminated by using regression methods between hydrometric stations. Floods were calculated with different return periods. Also, physiographic characteristics of sub-basins that affect flood rate including area, slope, shape factor, height average, concentration time, and curve number were achieved using ArcGIS10.2 and WMS7.1 (watershed modeling system). The Goodness of Fit (R2) in the return periods of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years was estimated to be 96, 97, 95, and 94%, respectively. This indicates the model's high accuracy to predict the peak discharge in the sub-basins using the basin physiographic parameters. Model performance indexes of the model evaluation for return period of 10, 25, 50 and 100 years were calculated respectively including root mean square error (RMSE)  of 20.99, 7.16, 29.05, 39.55, relative percentage error (ε) of 52.7, 37.7, 45.1, 49.13, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.52, 0.45, 0.48, 0.55, coefficient of residual mass (CRM) of 0.28, 0.16, 0.56, 0.82, and model efficiency (EF) of 0.74, 0.85, 0.71, 0.75. Cross-validation diagrams showed that RSM model was very suitable for the whole return periods. Paired t-test showed that the difference between predicted and actual values in different return periods was not significant (P< 0.01). The results of this study showed that the RSM has good accuracy for estimating floods in sub-basins of Ardebil Province.

Primary production and the contribution of each of the life forms of rangeland ecosystems are key features. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rainfall and temperature changes on the amount of total production and life forms: grasses, forbs and shrubs in Sabalan,s rangelands. For determining of annual primary production (Full bloom stage), different species using one square meter plots by cutting and weighting method in different elevation was harvested in 6 plant types (totally 216 plots). Rainfall classes and temperature parameters were determined using the data of weather stations and derived relevant gradient. Then, climatic parameters for plots was derived by considering the position of sampling plots. Correlation between the life forms and total production with rainfall and temperature parameters were analyzed using multivariate regression method in SPSS16 software. Results show that, climatic parameters with the life forms production of grasses (P<0.01), forbs (P<0.01) and shrubs (P<0.01) have significant relationship, however there was no significant relationship between total production and selected climatic factors. Moreover, results show that the production of grasses are more affected by climatic factors in comparison with the other two life forms and have significant differences in different classes. Additionally, forbs production is more than shrubs affected by the selected climatic factors. The result of study can be used for the calculate primary production in mountain region, supply-demand balance of forage, biomass, health Ecosystem, Ecological balance and carbon sequestration.

By evaluating land use change and land cover, it is possible to plan and land manage to reduce the impact of alteration and degradation of exploitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate land use changes in Ardabil province between 1987 and 2015 using Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor of Landsat 5 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor of Landsat 8 satellite images. Firstly, the efficiency of the object-based classification method was evaluated using ground control points, error matrix, and comparing total accuracy and kappa coefficients for the resulting maps. Total accuracy and Kappa coefficients for 1987 were 82.3% and 0.70, and 2015 were 94% and 0.90, respectively. Change detection results showed that from 1987 to 2015, rangelands decreased by 4.2%, equivalent to 75039.3 hectares and forests decreased by 0.5%, equivalent to 9393.7 hectares compared to the total province area and irrigation farming increased by 3.1%, equivalent to 55276.8 hectares, residential areas increased by 0.8%, equivalent to 14989.7 hectares and dry farming increased by 0.7%, equivalent to 12632.4 hectares compared to the total province area. The most significant changes that occurred from 1987 to 2015 were the conversion of rangelands to dry farming with 13.8%, equivalent to 141794.2 hectares and irrigation farming lands with 4.8%, equivalent to 49836.9 hectares of rangelands, irrigation farming to dry farming with 7.7%, equivalent to 11464.8 hectares and forests to rangelands with 6.1%, equivalent to 1059.9 hectares which indicate that the requirement of a serious revision of the management policies.

A quantitative method is presented to evaluate the ability of plants for rill and gully erosion control in the Moghan region in the province of Ardabil. This research was carried out during a five-year period (2016-2020). Five indicators, namely, stem density (SD), topsoil erosion-reducing potential of plant roots during the concentrated flow erosion (RSD), sediment obstruction potential (SOP), index of plant stiffness (MEI), and root cohesion (Cr) were calculated for 20 native plants of the region (SD=1.411×10-4 – 0.28, RSD=6.68×10-24 – 10.1076, SOP=8.275×10-5 – 0.696, MEI=1.69×10-6 – 27.134 N, Cr=5.432×10-4 – 34.626 Pa). Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Salsola dendroides Pall.,Artemisia fragrans Willd., Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. var. arabica, Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Verbascum stachydifome Boiss. & Buhse., Festuca ovina L., and Melica altissima L. are very appropriate species for controlling rill and gully erosion. Festuca ovina L., Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. var. arabica and Melica altissima L.have a distinct potential to obstruct sediment inflow into channels at the gully outlets. As each species has a particular ability in one or more of the indices, combined planting of selected plant species may be more effective in erosion control. The results of this study may be used in adjacent regions and under similar cold-semiarid and cold-arid environments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Trifolium genus on the composition, diversity, forage value and quantitative vegetation parameters and interaction between Trifolium species and invasive species Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. in Fandoghlou rangelands in Ardabil province. In determining the sampling locations, six sites by systematic random method and due to the distribution of Trifolium species and L. vulgare were conducted. To compare data composition, diversity and evenness, density, canopy cover and production of all plants and L. vulgare in the selected sites, one way ANOVA and Duncan multiple test were used. Eighthy species belonging to 60 genera and 23 families were identified. Trifolium repense and T. pratense were the main species of this habitat and distributed in all sampling sites. Factors of richness, diversity and evenness between the sites of presence/absence of Trifolium species had a significantly difference (p<0.05). According to the results, 23 species have high forage value, 8 species have medium forage value and 49 species have low forage value, which species with high forage value in the sites with presence of T. repense and T. pratense have more density. Density, canopy cover and production of L. vulgare had a significant difference between the sites with presence/absence of Trifolium species (p<0.05). Moreover, density, canopy cover and production of all plants between the sites with presence/absence of Trifolium species had a significant difference (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, conservation and restoration of valuable native species should be considered in management utilization of steppe rangelands.

Ethnobotany is a science that studies the relation between a particular ethnic or culture groups in a particular area with the native plants. This research studies the ethnobotany and indigenous knowledge on medicinal and food plants of Darwishchai Sarein local poeple. The ethnobotanical knowledge of residents of 5 villages namely Verniab, AliDashi, Vargeh Saran, Ujour and Alvares was investigated. Required information on the use of medicinal and food plants was collected using open-ended questionnaires. knowledgeable persons in a discourse-based manner were selected for filling the forms. Results showed the 57 medicinal and food species in the study area are used by local communities. These plants belonged to 21 plant families. The most species belonged to Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae, respectively with 12, 9, 7, 5 and 3 species. The results also showed that from the 57 species, 27 are categorized as medicinal  and 30 are put in both medicinal and food caregories. The most and least used organs were leaf (41%) and flag (1%), respectively. Residents in the watershed are using the herbs as brewed for 68.42 percent of the plants used. Usage of food plants is mostly in soups, 19.3%. According to the results, most medicinal plants are used to prevent the colds and coughs (35%). Resuts of the research could be used for medicinal and food plants management in the region. In addition it shows that the knowledge of elderlies ahould be respected and used.

Today, due to industrial advances and the expansion of urban environments, it is essential to create ecoparks as places that can provide natural environments for human. The current study performed a comparative ecopark site selection across Ardabil, Meshkinshahr, Sarein, Nir and Namin, using multi-criteria analysis models. To achieve the research objective, four criteria and 15 sub-criteria were identified, as effective factors on ecopark site selection in the region. The analytic network process (ANP) was used to weigh the factors and ordered weighted average (OWA) was employed, as a multi-criteria decision making method, to analyse the final model. Results of the weighting approach showed that distance from rivers accounted for the highest weight coefficient. To select suitable places for ecopark, the study area was classified into four groups of high to low land suitability, including 130815 hectares of high and 167213 hectares of moderate suitability. Lands with high suitablity were mainly located in forests, fair rangelands and orchards. In addition, suitable areas were mostly located near one of the large and permanent rivers of the province. Based on the results, southern parts of Meshkinshahr and the north of Sabalan Mountain were selected as the most suitable areas for ecopark, due to the existence of various natural and human attractions and having a pristine environment.

Rapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and  land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestation are changing the regional and local temperature regime. Knowing the land surface temperature degrees contribute significantly to a wide range of issues relating to the Earth science such as urban climate, global environmental changes, and the study of the interaction of human and the environment. The lack of sufficient meteorological stations to be aware of temperature values in regions lacking a station is considered as a major flaw in monitoring the land surface temperature. Due to the information limitations, collecting data especially to a large extent,  is associated with many problems and obstacles, and the real-time access is difficult or impossible. Therefore, the need to use remote sensing technology with time conditions along with the feature of continuity and data collection in wide ranges can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the land surface temperature of Namin county in a period of 28 years and to compare the obtained results with land use and vegetation changes.

The data used in this study included  Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI sensor in order to extract land use map and  TIRS sensor image to extract land surface temperature for the year 2015. Moreover, Landsat 5 satellite image of the TM sensor were used to extract land use map by using visible and infrared bands, and also to extract land surface temperature by using thermal bands for the year 1987. Images were taken in late spring and early summer due to the lack of high cloudy and snowy covers , as well as the high intensity of sunlight. The eCognition8.9 software was used for object-based classification. Classification in five classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest and residential) and six classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest, residential and water bodies) were selected  for the years 1987 and 2015 respectively. To assess the accuracy and comparison of the obtained maps, the error matrix, overall accuracy, and kappa statistics were used. Split-Window method was used to extract the land surface temperature of the study area. Finally, in order to analyze the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation index, the correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and vegetation index were calculated based on land use types in the years 1987 and 2015.

The highest land use area in the years 1987 and 2015 belongs to the rangeland use with 43781 and 34114 hectares  respectively and the second land use area belongs to dry farming use with 23854 and 33277 hectares respectively. Moreover due to the lack of water use , the lowest land use area in 1987 belongs to residential use with 1301 hectares, while in 2015 with the construction of water structures, water use with an area of 86 hectares has the lowest land use area. The highest land use area increase was in the dry farming with 9423 hectares, which is a significant increase compared to 1987. The highest recorded temperature for Namin county in 1987 and 2015 was related to dry farming use (34°C and 27°C, respectively), indicating the concentration of heat in these regions. This type of land use has the highest temperature due to the factors such as the dryness of the products at this time and the harvest of the products. In 1987, dry farming use had the highest temperature (34°C), but in 2015 it experienced a decrease in temperature (27°C), despite the fact that it had the highest land surface temperature compared to other  types of land uses in 2015. The reason can be attributed to the factor of harvesting crops. Due to the fact that the rainfed crops in the study area are mostly wheat, and at this time of the season, most of the wheat is ripe or harvested, so the transpiration of these products is insignificant. The lowest recorded temperatures in Namin county are related to the uses of water bodies (21°C), forest (21°C) and irrigated farming (22°C), respectively.  Since water has a high heat capacity, it has the greatest effect on reducing the temperature. In forest and irrigated farming land uses, due to the higher vegetation density, the land surface temperature has the lowest value (23°C and 24°C in 1987 and 21°C and 22°C in 2015 respectively) compared to the other land use types. Agricultural land use in this area has the lowest land surface temperature (24°C in 1987 and 21°C in 2015) after forest areas. Due to the fact that the crops cultivated in this area are plants such as potatoes and these plants have more water needs, therefore these plants have a high greenness value at June to early July, which has led to more transpiration in the area where they are cultivated than other areas, thus it has been very effective in keeping the land surface temperature cool. The rangeland use has had high land surface temperatures (27°C and 25°C, respectively) in the two study  years, and there is little difference between the two years. According to the study season which was late June to early July, the high temperature of this land use type is due to the increase in the areas lacking canopy cover or areas having low or scattered vegetation. Due to the fact that in August, most of the leaves and brunches of the existing plants are dry and the transpiration is low, high temperatures are also recorded. The relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index in rangeland use in the two study years had the highest correlation (0.91 in 1987 and 0.83 in 2015), while the correlation coefficient of the forest use was the lowest (0.46 in 1987 and 0.23 in 2015).

Land use type and land use and vegetation changes have a significant effect on land surface temperature changes. However, areas without vegetation have a higher land surface temperature than the areas with vegetation. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between vegetation cover and land surface temperature, which is mainly due to sufficient vegetation. In general, the results showed that in most areas with lower temperatures, there is high density vegetation indicating an inverse relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature.

Precipitation is one of the most important hydrological events and its prediction can be used as a practical tool for optimum utilization and management of water resources. In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) and wavelet-artificial neural network (WANN) were used for monthly precipitation perdiction at selected synoptic stations in Ardabil province, including Ardabil, Khalkhal, Meshginshahr and Parsabad during the 225 months for the years 1996-2016. For the short-term forecast of monthly precipitation (one month later), different scenarios were defined based on precipitation delays. Results indicated that the WANN model with the highest determination coefficient (R2) and minimum root mean square error (RMSE) was acceptable for all stations. The values of R2 and RMSE for Ardabil station were equal to 0.88 and 7.13 mm, for Khalkhal station were equal to 0.91 and 6.36 mm, for Meshginshahr station were equal to 0.92 and 6.97 mm and for Parsabad station were equal to 0.86 and 8.51 mm, respectively. In all stations, utilization of  the superior model (WANN model) with the combination scenarios i.e. rainfall delays, the minimum and maximum temperature improved the results of the model, but on the other hand, increased the computational cost of the model. Also, in all stations, the addition of relative humidity and wind speed as input variables somewhat reduced the performance of the model. The general results of this study showed that the WANN model with appropriate rainfall delays on a monthly scale can be utilized to predict monthly precipitation of selected stations in Ardabil province, including Ardabil, Khalkhal, Meshginshahr and Parsabad with acceptable accuracy.

Climate change caused by the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in future periods causes changes in climatic variables and these changes as the biggest dilemma of the 21st century. Therefore, it is necessary to study the future climate change and vulnerability of water resources. In order to predict the effects of climate change on the hydrological status of Ardebil province, the climate variables for the coming decades and under climate scenarios were predicted. The large-scale data gathering was used to simulate and predict the hydrological situation of the study area. Regarding the effects of climate change on the surface flow of the area, it should be noted that although the results from the simulations by the BILAN model indicate unpredictable changes in the total surface flow in the future period. So that the direct surface flow that flows on the groundwater in all scenarios is lower than the base period which is directly related to the decrease in the amount of precipitation in the future and also the increase in the average temperature in the region. In case of groundwater storage in the region, due to the significant decrease in precipitation and also the decrease in the available moisture content of the soil, as well as the increase in temperature, which leads to an increase in the evaporation rate from the soil surface, the area is examined in the upcoming period and under all scenarios show a decreasing trend.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological factors affecting the distribution of four Trifolium repense, T. pratense, T. micranthum and T. compestre species in Fandoghlou rangelands of Namin county in Ardabil province. Sampling was conducted in six sites with the presence and absence of species at random. Topographic, climatic, land cover and density of selected species were recorded. From each transect, soil samples were taken from the root activity depth the parameters of acidity, electrical conductivity, soil texture, lime, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, propagated clay and soil moisture content were measured. A significant difference was observed between the environmental factors on presence and absence of studied species by one-way ANOVA and comparison of the mean of the measured characteristics with Duncan test. To determine the importance of the variables in different sites and the species distribution, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used. Results showed that there were significant different between the factors of electrical conductivity, slope, sodium, organic matter (p<0.01) and factors of elevation, rainfall, temperature, acidity, potassium, phosphorus, clay, silt, dispersible clay and bare soil (p<0.05) in sites of presence and absence of species. According to the results of the LDA, four functions were justified as 78.50, 15.60, 5.80, 0.10 %, respectively and totally 100% of the total variance of the data were justified. Four factors (temperature, electrical conductivity, potassium and clay) were identified as the most important factors in the distribution of the T. repense, T. pratense, T. micranthum, T. compestre species.