جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گونه‎های بومی » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

While Iran’s soil is considered one of the richest soils in terms of mineral deposits worldwide, it is contaminated with heavy metals. On the other hand, some studies have recommended the use of native plants as a sustainable strategy to resolve the environmental problems caused by mining. In this regard, phytoremediation can be regarded as an economical, effective, economical, biological, and practical method for removing heavy metals from contaminated sites. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the potential of Seidlitzia Rosmarinus and Haloxylon Aphyllum desert species for the phytoremediation of heavy metals (i.e., Ni, Co, As, Cr, and V) found around the bauxite crusher of Jajarm alumina mine in the direction of the prevailing wind. 

Soil sampling was performed at distances of 450-700, 800-1200, 1400-2000, and 2500-5000 meters away from the center of the bauxite crusher and the control site. To this end, the seeds of the above-mentioned species were planted in pots with a 3:1:1 ratio of sand, dung, and soil, respectively. Then, the planted seeds were transferred, after two months, to the pots containing the soils sampled from target distances. Finally, upon the completion of the vegetative period, phytoremediation was carried out on the potential species using a factorial experiment in a greenhouse located at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, applying a completely randomized block design with three replications. The data analysis was then performed using the SPSS software, and Duncan's test was used to compare the obtained means for the significant results at the 5% level. To check the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Moreover, the homogeneity of variances was checked via the Lyon test.

The results indicated that S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum contained various amounts of heavy metals, with the amount of absorbed Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Cobalt (Co) being greater in aerial and underground tissues of the H. Aphyllum species than those of the S. Rosmarinus. However, the case was reversed in terms of Nickel (Ni) and Vanadium (V), that is, the number of such metals was greater in aerial and underground tissues of S. Rosmarinus tissues compared with H. Aphyllum.
 
On the other hand, while the transfer rate of As, Cr, and Co was higher in H. Aphyllum than that of S. Rosmarinus, the transfer rate of Ni and V was greater in S. Rosmarinus compared to H. Aphyllum. The results of the study also suggested that whereas the rates of Ni, As, Cr, and Co bioaccumulation factor was higher in S. Rosmarinus than those of H. Aphyllum, it was the bioaccumulation rate of Co that was greater in H. Aphyllum compared to the S. Rosmarinus.
In this regard, the average amount of Ni, Co, As, Cr, and V in H. Aphyllum were found to be 469.19, 172.74, 9.51, 21.59, and 23.07 mg/kg in the intended intervals, respectively. Moreover, the average transfer rates of such heavy metals in the species were reported as 1.09, 1.21, 1.08, 1.21, and 1.02, respectively, and the average bioaccumulation rate of metals was found to be 0.53, 0.26, 0.66, 0.50, and 0.30 mg/kg, respectively.
On the other hand, the study found that the average amount of Ni, Co, As, Cr, and Vanadium in S. Rosmarinus was 479.31, 169.34, 9.42, 21.18, and 30.85 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the average rates of the transfer factor in the species were 1.20, 1.05, 1.01, 1.05, and 1.05, respectively, and the average rates of bioaccumulation were reported as 0.55, 0.24, 0.68, 0.54, and 0.39 mg/kg, respectively.
The results of the study also indicated a significant difference between the aerial and underground tissues of the intended species in terms of vanadium accumulation at a 1% significance level. Moreover, the transfer and bioaccumulation rates of Ni, Co, As, Cr, and V were greater and less than 1 in S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum, respectively, indicating that the species had transferred metals to their aerial tissues. Therefore, as S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum have low biochemical rates, they are appropriate for phytoextraction purposes in the phytoremediation process.

According to the results of the current study, S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum are highly applicable for the extraction of Ni, Co, As, Cr, and V in the phytoremediation of the study area. On the other hand, as the intended species are indigenous to the study area, they can be planted in the area for clearance purposes. Moreover, after removing the aerial parts of S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum for the preservation and clearance of the ecosystem, their remaining parts could be collected and burned under controlled conditions, using their ashes (as biological ore) for the re-extraction of metals or other economic purposes.
Therefore, the species are recommended for clearing the study area and similar areas of heavy metals. However, to conduct more comprehensive studies on the potential phytoremediation applicability of S. Rosmarinus and H. Aphyllum, it is necessary to necessary examine the species grown in pots in terms of field studies so that they can be used as a suitable model for phytoextraction and the revival of the lands contaminated with heavy metals.

It is important to study and investigate exotic species to protect their stocks. This study was carried out to investigate the morphological change in Chelon saliens populations from southern basin of the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, during 2020-2021, by beach seine nets, 238 specimens were collected from seven costs including Astara (35 samples), Talash (45 samples), Bandar Anzali (50 samples), Kiashahr (33 samples), Langaroud (15 samples), Chaboksar (40 samples) and Sari (13 samples). After imaging the lateral view of the samples, some 14 landmark-points were defined and digitized on the two-dimensional images. The body shape data after generalized procraust analysis were exposed to statistical analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis (CA). Also, the deformation patterns of each population related to consensus shape of the populations in the deformation grids were illustrated. The results showed that there is a significant difference among the studied populations in terms of morphology. The highest Mahalanobis and Procraust distances were obtained in Langaroud and Sari, respectively. The main morphological differences were related to the position of the mouth, head size, body depth and caudal peduncle length, indicating the high morphological flexibility of this exotive species in adaptation with different habitats of the Caspian Sea basin.

Unfortunately, the high diversity and high geographical spread of invasive species, e.g. tilapia species in Shadegan lagoon, has become one of the main challenges for the native fishermen and local communities in it. This study conducted field operations from October 2018 to September 2019. Laboratory experiments including the fish biometry, analysis of the biological parameters, the sexual maturity and nutrition were performed based on standard methods. The results of 898 sampling from different species of tilapia showed that fishing combination included 284 redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii) with 31.6 %, 578 Blue tilapia, (Oreochromis aureus), with 64.3% and Nile Tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus), with 4%. The highest abundance of redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii) was observed in the length range of 11-13 cm, Blue tilapia, (Oreochromis aureus), with a wide length range of 7-23 cm and Nile Tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus), in the length range of 13-16 cm. At present, the distribution of three invasive species of tilapia in Shadegan lagoon with more than 50% fishing during the most of months on the year along with unfavorable environmental conditions specially, reduction of quality and quantity of inlet water due to the agriculture and industrial Effluents and dam construction and reduction of water volume, lagoon become in a challenging situation.

This study aimed to compare the effects of roots and leaves of Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC at different concentrations on emergence, vigor, radicle, and plumule length of two species of Taverniera spartea (Burm. F.) DC. and Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. Ex JF Gmel.) Henrard in Hormozgan province, Iran. After grounding the leaves and bark of Prosopis juliflora and mixing it with the soil of Prosopis juliflora habitat (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g of each organ per kg of soil), 15 seeds of Pennisetum divisum and Taverniera spartea species with four replications were cultivated in the soil, and the desired variables were recorded and analyzed using GLM statistical analysis. The results showed that vigor, radicle, and plumule length of Taverniera spartea species in soil associated with bark was 10.77, 3.47, and 3.63 cm, and in Pennisetum divisum species were 5.7, 4.36, and 4.15 cm that was higher than in the leaves. Also, seed vigor, plumule length in Taverniera spartea species, and seed vigor, radicle, and plumule length in Pennisetum divisum species had the lowest values in 8% treatment. The interaction effects of concentration×organ also showed that the leaf extraction had significant decreasing effects on seed vigor, plumule length in both species, and radicle length in Pennisetum divisum species. Also, the emergence percentage in Pennisetum divisum species (18.33%) was the highest in the control treatment. The results showed that Prosopis juliflora has inhibitory effects on rangeland species, so the selection of this species for afforestation in desert areas should be done more sensitively and the use of native species (Ziziphus spina christi, Prosopis cineraria, and Acacia oerfota) should be prioritized.

This research is based on a field study of the role and effluent performance on the growth and maintenance of urban green space in the form of a research by designing experiments and building blocks for two different species as a real pilot, The field of evaluation has provided the possibility of reusing the effluent of Ekbatan treatment plant In this study, with the aim of identifying sustainable water sources in order to maximize recycling and pathology of the potential of using wastewater in Tehran to implement the goals of human ecology of sustainable development, the effect of irrigation with treated effluent on vegetative characteristics (including height, number of branches, etc.) The plant species of fennel Nerium Oleander and Festuca have been studied. The growth and yield of selected plants were evaluated and compared under complete treatment of effluent and well water. For this purpose, this study was conducted in the open space in the form of a multi-observation completely randomized controlled trial (CRD) design with three replications. The results showed that the growth rate of different organs under the influence of treatment conditions is noticeable and observable growth. Nerium Oleander had the greatest effect on the height and diameter of the canopy cover from the effluent treatment, while the effect of the effluent treatment in Festuca, in addition to the height and canopy cover, was also on the leaf length. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of treated wastewater to irrigation of urban green space is possible and leads to more favorable plants growth.

The aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathy effect of Prosopis juliflora species on emergence, vigority, gemole and plumule length of two important forest species in southern Iran, Hormozgan province. For this purpose, in the summer of 2020, 15 seeds of Acacia oerfota and Acacia tortilis were planted in the soil collected under, margin and four meters from the canopy edge of Prosopis juliflora and also in the soil mixed with leaf powder of Prosopis juliflora (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 gr/kg leaf powder in soil) and irrigated with distilled water and their emergencewas recorded once every two days. Finally, gemole and plumule lengths of germinated seeds were measured and the variables were analyzed using GLM statistical analysis at 95% level. The results showed that the emergence percentage in A. tortilis species (20.74%) was significantly higher than A. oerfota species. The gemole length of A. oerfota species (5.14 cm) was longer than A. tortilis while in the soil mixed with prosopis leaf powder, the gemole length in A. oerfota was lower (0.53 cm) than it in A. tortilis. The length of gemole and Plumule in the open area with values of 5.88 and 4.34 cm was significantly higher than their values in the soil under the crown of Prosopis juliflora. Emergence percentages (17.5%), vigority (13.40) and the length of plumule (4.22 cm) were lower in the soil mixed with prosopis leaf powder than those in control treatment. The interactions of species×soil position on vigority (4.40), gemole and plumule length (3.11 and 2.48 cm) showed that the two variables of gemole and plumule length were affected by the soil collection site and had its lowest value under the canopy which it was observed in prosopis leaf concentration treatments. The results showed that A. oerfota species was strongly influenced by Prosopis juliflora allelopathy, therefore, it is recommended to prioritize afforestation with native species and, if possible, to avoid the plantation of Prosopis juliflora in the southern sensitive ecosystems.

Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is one the main model species which can be easily cultured in laboratory condition. Since it is invasive species in the Caspian Sea and the origin of its entrance is not clear. Furthermore, the three-spined population in South of France in Delta of Rhone River (Camargue wetland) is distinctive from other European populations especially Mediterranean population, therefore, Genetic comparison of three-spined stickleback between Gorgan bay (Iranian Coasts) and Camargue Wetland (South France Coasts) was studied by COI sequencing in this study. For this reason, 10 individual fish were sampled from each studied region and kept in Ethanol 96% until the time of experimental performance. After DNA extraction and PCR Reaction by one pair of Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (COI), Results of sequencing showed that the amplified sequence has 680 bp. The low number of haplotype and low haplotype diversity in both studied region dedicated the low genetic diversity of those populations. Level of FST as a Genetic distinction was 0.333 which is indicated high Genetic distinction of both population. Inspite of low Genetic distance (0.002) between two groups based on Kimura 2 Parameters method (K2P), phylogeny tree showed that the fish population of Gorgan bay and Camargue wetland formed a distinctive sub-clade. Even it is hypothesized that these two population have mutual origin but due to low supportive degree (bootstrap) the relationship between clades was not solved and the origin of three-spined sticklebacks of Gorgan bay was not properly evaluated.

The roots of the plants are used as a kind of materials in the slopes preservation and resistance. Because in addition to helping to preserving and resisting the environment, it has recovery ability and has no harmful and negative effects on the environment and has no additional costs too. Plant cover is caused for pastiness between soil particles for having root system and has significant impact in slope stabilization, for this reason, the biological characteristics of different species has great importance. The quantity of reinforcement depends on root biotechnical characteristics such as root density and tensile strength. In this study assessed these biotechnical properties.

In this study, two non-native afforested stands of pine (Pinus Sylvesteres) and acacia (Robinia Peseudo acasia) and two natural stands with native species of hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) and summer alder (Alnus Subcordata) with similar habitat conditions (altitude,Slope and direction of slope, soil type, geology, etc) in the forest of Neka city (Neka-Zalmarud forestry plan) was and Six trees of each species were randomly selected for later analysis. The Root Area Ratio and tensile strength were investigated. Profile trenching method was used to analyze and compare their root distribution. The walls of the profile are divided into 10 cm horizons. Number and diameter of protruded roots in each depth were measured. Finally, the percentage of Root Area Ratio in each horizon was calculated. Standard Santam was used to determine the tensile strength of roots. Root samples were collected at the bottom (30% slope) of trees.

The results indicated that the Root Area Ratio were decreased with increasing depth According to the exponential function . The Root area ratio in non-native species is higher than native species. Which has obtained for Carpinus Betulus, Alnus Subcordata, Robinia Peseudo acasia and Pinus Sylvesteres, 0.033±0.002, 0.081±0.002, 0.026±0.018±0.177±0.015 percent respectively. The diameter range of the tested roots was 2-9 mm. The results of tensile strength tests showed that with increasing diameter, the amount of tensile strength according to the According to the exponential function decreased. There is a positive power relationship between root diameter and tensile force.

In this research tensile strength of native species is more than non-native one that has obtained for Carpinus Betulus, Alnus Subcordata, Robinia Peseudo acasia and Pinus Sylvesteres, 31.93±10.3, 17.57±6.98, 18.4±2.41, 9.77±5.46 Mpa respectively. The results of this work may help us when applying an efficient bioengineering technique

The inlandwater resourses are including;lakes,wetlands,rivers ,springs and qanats. The qanat is the water or channel through which water flows from the depths of the earth to its surface. Over the past two decades, studies have been done on the  inlandwater resources by writers of this article and other reseachers. The results of the studies showed that 22 fish species belonging to 5 family comprising of   Syprinidae, Poeciliidae, Nemacheilidae, Cyprinodontidae and Channidae have been  identified . Among them 6  species including, Aphanius dispar, Chaana gachua, Paraschistura kessleri,،Garra rosica , Garra persica and Garra rufa are suitable to introduce as aquarium fishes.

Polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, belonging to the medicinal species of Asteraceae family, have been found as natural antioxidants. Cichoric and chlorogenic acid are two caffeic acid derivatives. These polyphenol components, especially cichoric acid, are the dominant components of Echinacea purpurea L. The general goal of this research was to identify Iranian native sources of cichoric acid, chlorogenicacid and also caffeic acid as their precursor. For this purpose, the roots, stems and leaves of five Iranian native species (Lactuca undulata, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon asperrimus, Cichorium intybus and Sonchus oleraceus) were collected during vegetative and reproductive stages from north eastern of Iran. The seeds of E. purpurea were purchased and cultured in greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that the highest amount of cichoric (3.6 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (28.8 mg/g DW) was observed in E. purpurea roots during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. Among Iranian native species, L.undulata stems and L.asperrimus roots had the highest content of cichoric (2.3 mg/g DW) and chlorogenic acid (8.08 mg/g DW) in reproductive and vegetative stages, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in E. purpurea roots during reproductive stage. The lowest level of IC50 was found in E.purpurea roots at reproductive stage. It seems that L. undulata and L. asperrimus could be suitable sources for cichoric, chlorogenic and caffeic acid, compared to other Iranian native species.

This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of chemical fertilizers on vegetative and ornamental characteristics of wild species of colchicum (Colchicum kotschyi Boiss). For this purpose, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications including three levels of nitrogen (N= 0, 60, 120 kg ha-1) three levels of phosphorus (P= 0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) and three levels of potassium (K= 0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2015-2016. Studied traits was included leaf number and area, leaf fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, number of flowers and flower diameter, and length, diameter and fresh and dry weights of the corms. Results of interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels showed that the highest number of flowers, leaf number, fresh and dry weights and corrn diameter was obtained in 60:60:40 kg ha-1 of N×P×K, respectively. The highest flower diameter, chlorophylls and carotenoids were obtained in treatments of 60:60:80 kg ha-1 from N×P×K, respectively. Overall, results indicated that the application of moderate levels of N, K and P improved most vegetative and ornamental traits in C. kotschyi Boiss. More research on ornamental aspects and efforts to preserve, domestication and propagation of native species of colchicum, can lead to the sustainable use of this ornamental plant in landspace.

The possibility of using six thyme species (Thymus sepyllum, T. kotschyanus, T. vulgaris, T. daenensis, T. pubescence and T. fedtschenkoi) as a ground cover plant in landscape were evaluated in a two year period. Results showed that in aesthetics point of view during vegetative and reproductive stages, Thymus sepyllum, T. kotschyanus, and T. fedtschenkoi had the highest ranks, while T. pubescence and T. daenensis has got the lowest ranks. Because of early flowering under favorable weather conditions in spring T. kotschyanus had the longest flowering period in comparison to other late flowering species, i.e. T. sepyllum, and T. vulgaris. The highest area coverage, inflorescence number and flower number per inflorescence were also recorded in T. sepyllum and T. kotschyanus. In comparison to other species, T. sepyllum and T. vulgaris had the longest inflorescence, but flower size of these species was smaller than the others, whereas the largest inflorescence diameter and flower size were shown in T. daenensis and T. pubescence. In general, results showed that all studied species have valuable ornamental potential, but T. kotschyanus and T. sepyllum are the most suitable species as a ground cover plant in landscape

This study aimed to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on flora, vegetation composition, and floristic quality of Gall oak community in middle Zagros forests. Two sites with the same ecological condition and different land uses were selected. In order to determine the tree canopy cover, ground flora cover and herbaceous biomass, eight 2500 m2 plots, 48 micro plots with 1 m2 area, and 24, 0.25 m2 quadrats were used, respectively. The coefficient of conservatism of each species were determined based on the resistance to disturbances and their fidelity to region. The result showed that Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae were the most dominant families and Therophytes and Hemicryptophytes were the most common life forms. The Irano-Touranian species were the most important chorotypes in this area. The most species fall in the first order of conservatism coefficient classes in unprotected area and no species were seen in the 4th class. The results showed no difference in species richness in the two land uses so in order to investigate the vegetation, the floristic quality index (FQI) was used. The value of (FQI) in protected area was more than unprotected. The results also showed that protected land use with the least human intervention has the most native species, tree crown canopy, biomass, the number of trees per hectare and herbaceous canopy cover.

For climate conditions and unstable status of different resources, urban managers will be compelled to use native species in landscape design and green space. Native plants because high compatibility with climate conditions in the region and resulting in low costs of maintenance and keeping, are considered as a suitable choice in creating a sustainable green space. Using native plants in the urban landscape, the use of appropriate planting design and observe of landscape design principles to create a beautiful green space and pleasant for citizens is very important. In this paper, the advantages and limitations of native plants cultivation in urban green space and also effective factors in the suitable design of these species with an emphasis on dry lands have been studied.

One of the most important factors in determining the volume of trees is selection of appropriate form factor. In the present study، four different methods of form factor calculation were evaluated for two rapid growth species including Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum. For this purpose، in each stand، 12 trees per 4 diameter class ranging from 10 to 45 cm in DBH were randomly selected and diameter at breast height of all trees was measured. Then، using sectional measurement (cylindrical volume formula and Esmalyan) method، the actual volume of each tree was calculated. Also، Real (Fr)، Normal (F0. 1)، Artificial (F1. 3) and Hohenadl (Fh) form factors were measured. Analyses of variances were used to investigate any significant differences between the calculated coefficients. Dunnett''s test was used to explore significant differences between various methods of coefficient calculation and the real form factor coefficients. Results showed that for Populus deltoides، artificial form factor (0. 50) was closer to the real form factor (0. 51) while for Taxodium distichum، hohenadl form factor (0. 52) was closest to the real form factor (0. 50). In addition، natural and artificial form factors were related to DBH، but real and hohenadl form factors were not related to DBH. Artificial form factor can be used for both species in this study as a suitable and useful form factor.

The inland water fishes of Iran have a vast biodiversity. In the recent years some Iranian Ichthyologists of in some of universities studied more on inland water resources of Iran, , so they identified 8 new species of genus Aphanius till 2006 to 2014. Species of Cyprinodontidae family are small fishes have beautiful dark and light bars, pigments and spots of colour, on the body. Most of them are resistant to the salt and all of them are native species.5 species of this family have been identified already in Iran. At present the numbers of them are 13 species in our country. Due to the size, shape, colour and design of bars and spots on the body, they are suitable to introduce as as ornamental fishes to keep them in the aquarium.