جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نگرش » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

 The development process of organic cultivation in Iran is not favorable because the average growth rate of organic agriculture development from 2008 to 2019 according to FAO statistics in 2021 is equal to -0.47% and this is while foods contaminated with various substances Chemicals have an unpleasant effect on the general health of society. According to the statistics of 2021, 600 million people in the world, i.e. 1 out of every 10 people, will get sick after eating food. Since any change in the use of chemicals in agriculture should be based on the behavior of farmers, the purpose of this study is to investigate the behavioral intention to produce organic pistachio production among 5200 pistachio growers in Ardakan county, Yazd province, using the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) analysis.

 The current research is classified as a quantitative research and is a descriptive-survey type of research, and in terms of the type of objective, it is considered a part of applied research. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 358 people. Considering the distribution and dispersion of pistachio growers in different sectors, multi-stage random sampling was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of academic experts in the departments of horticulture, agricultural development, plant protection and psychology, as well as experts of Jihad Keshavarzi of the county. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire tool, a pre-test study was conducted among 30 farmers of Aqda Aflatak village, which was part of the villages of Ardakan city, but outside the study sample. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained from 0.649 to 0.836, which indicates acceptable reliability. SPSS22 and SmartPLS2 software were used for data analysis.

Descriptive findings showed that 358 respondents were 336 men and 22 women. Among them, 48 people lived in the village and 310 people lived in the city. The statistical results of the present study showed that the average age of the respondents was 53 years old, who had an average of 9 years of formal education. They had an average of 15 years of experience in the field of pistachio farming, and 30% of household income was dependent on pistachio production. According to the statistical sample of the research in terms of age, the highest frequency (137) were in the 41-50 age group. In terms of pistachio cultivation area, 204 farmers had less than one hectare, which constituted 59.9% of the studied sample. The inferential findings of this research showed that the factors affecting farmers' behavioral intention to produce organic pistachio products were perceived mental norms (β= 0/362) and perceived behavioral control (β=0/185). The findings of this research were in line with the results of Yadavar et al (2018). Also, the findings of this study showed the absence of a significant relationship between attitude and behavioral intention, which was not in line with the results of Safi Sis et al. (2020), Fatemi et al. (2018), Yadavar et al. (2018). According to the research model, the lack of a significant effect between the attitude variable and farmers' perception of the compatibility of organic production methods with their current values and needs, including consumers not purchasing organic pistachios, is notable. This lack of impact may be attributed to consumer-related challenges such as higher prices and insufficient information and awareness about organic products, which could hinder the financial feasibility of implementing organic production. Moreover, the research indicates that the attitude variable did not significantly influence farmers' perception of the ease of applying organic pistachio production methods in the orchard. As a result, the attitude variable did not exert a significant effect on behavioral intention in this context.

 The most important factors in the behavioral intention to produce organic pistachios are the variables of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. In fact, the issue of environmental protection and measures to prevent water, soil and environment pollution were the popular and accepted behaviors among the pistachio growers in the studied area, and the pistachio growers had come to believe that the use of organic production methods is one of the accepted behaviors of important and prominent people in their accepted social network. Therefore, it is suggested that the extension department of Ardakan Agricultural Jihad Management, by holding various meetings centered on leading farmers in the matter of organic production, provides effective networking for more exposure, contact and communication of pistachio farmers, so as to facilitate their decision making process to enter into organic pistachio production. Also, the findings showed that from the point of view of pistachio farmers, the use of organic production methods and operations is under the control and authority of the farmer and he can use it in his garden if he wishes. Therefore, it is suggested that the extension department of Jihad-Kashawarzi management of Ardakan county continues to provide educational, facilities and services support needed by pistachio farmers and in this regard, planning and providing services in the direction of changing the consumer's attitude towards buying organic products in various ways such as festivals, exhibitions and production Media programs. Considering the importance of removing obstacles to the implementation of organic production in pistachio orchards, it is suggested that necessary support measures be established by the government in the field of covering the operational costs of organic pistachio production until the pistachio farmers reach the markets of organic products inside and outside the country. It is also suggested that due to the diversity in the quality of water, soil and pistachio variety of the farmers, the extension department should organize training courses in such a way that they understand the ease of using this kind of methods and its management in the garden.

Recently, water governance has become important due to the increasing complexities associated with water management. So that it is widely acknowledged that the world water crisis is more a crisis of governance than of water scarcity. In recent decades adopting the ‘Water Independence of Provinces’ law has created many social, environmental, economic and managerial crises in the Zayandeh-Rud basin and its two sub-basins (Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari) which have resulted in conflicts between the sub-basin stakeholders. The current applied study was qualitative regarding its methodology and followed a case study approach. The statistical population of the study included managers and senior experts of water governance in two sub-basins (Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari) and finally nine managers and experts in Isfahan sub-basin, four cases in extra-basin level, and six cases in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari sub-basin were selected as the sample population by means of snowball sampling method till theoretical saturation. Data collection was done by structured questionnaire and interview protocol. Using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the empirical analysis of water governance systems in two sub-basins showed that a set of factors associated with low performance regarding climate change adaptation. Regarding performance aspect, water governance in Zayandeh-Rud basin and its two sub-basins were Centralized Rent-seeking and Centralized Coordinated, respectively. This means that both basin and sub-basins have low performance regarding climate change adaptation and ability to resilience and adaptation challenges. The reason for the difference in the type of water governance performance at the level of the Zayandeh-Rud basin and its sub-basins was the poor coordination between water related organizations in sub-basins.

Paying attention to the needs and wants of consumers is the first step to develop the market of organic products, because recognizing consumer behavior and examining the factors affecting it has a very important role in the success of any economic system. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the intention to buy organic food in the critical situation of the existence of the corona virus and risk perception posed by it as one of the factors affecting the consumer's intention to buy using the theory of planned behavior. For this purpose, the required data and information were collected in 2020 through field surveys and completing a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all the organic food consumers in Torbat-e Heydarieh county of Iran. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size consisted of 210 people. Stratified random sampling method was used for sampling and selecting the individuals in the studid community and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the organic food consumers' risk perception of corona virus with their attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and anticipated fear were 0.222, 0.65, 0.625 and 0.592, respectively and the consumer's attitude (0.452), risk perception (0.268) and anticipated fear (0.101) had the greatest impact on the intention to buy organic food. Therefore, by introducing the benefits of organic products through mass media, people's attitudes towards organic products can be changed; also, by informing the people of the society about the risk of the corona virus, it is possible to create the intention of placing organic products in the consumption basket of the household.

Today, many farmers face problems in their production, such as economic bottlenecks, lack of production inputs, high institutional costs, and so on. Farmers' mastery to business management can reduce these problems to a large extent. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, this descriptive- correlational research was conducted to investigate the effect of knowledge and attitude on agricultural business management behavior. The statistical population included all truck farmers in the south of Kerman Province (N=75000). The statistical sample of the study included 382 farmers who were selected by multi-stage random sampling according to the sampling table of Kerjesi and Morgan.  The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire that an acceptable value was obtained (θ=0.85-0.95). The results showed that farmers were moderate in the management of agricultural business. They were better off in terms of farm staff management but had the greatest weakness in strategic farm management. The knowledge score of the respondents in the field of agricultural business management was 11.58 (out of 20), which shows that their agricultural business management is slightly higher than the average level. However, 73.3% of the respondents had a positive attitude towards their business management. Path analysis showed that knowledge and attitude on agribusiness management behavior had a significant positive effect. Therefore, training courses should be planned and implemented to improve the management of farmers' agricultural business.

Increasing population growth and the urgent need to increase agricultural production are closely related to the increasing use of chemical pesticides, including pesticides. Exposure to toxins has harmful effects on human health and the environment, as well as many adverse health effects. Therefore, serious measures are needed to prevent these negative effects and harms to the farmers who are exposed to it on a daily basis. Whereas the health behavior of farmers in the use of chemical pesticides is a necessity; The purpose of this study was to analyze the health behavior of farmers in Khorramabad city in the use of pesticides. The statistical population of this study included farmers in Khorramabad city, which was estimated using a sample of 150 people using Krejcie and Morgan table. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that the content validity of the research tool was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that knowledge variables with 0.43, attitude with 0.60 and disease with 0.29 could directly affect the health behavior of farmers. Using mass media, virtual social networks, holding face-to-face meetings consisting of agricultural and health experts, leading and trusted farmers, using pesticide and pesticide sales centers as educational opportunities, and increasing farmers' access to some tools The need to institutionalize the healthy and safe behavior of farmers in the field of principles and methods of pesticide and pesticide management is suggested.

The present study is a descriptive survey that examines the desire of rural women to develop agricultural-oriented businesses in Mazandaran province. The statistical population of this study consisted of 776 women with agricultural-oriented business members in 26 rural women's micro-credit funds in 10 cities of Mazandaran province, of which 260 people were selected as a sample size by stratified random sampling based on Krejcie Morgan table. Factors affecting women's desire to develop by performing four logit regression models. As the results of the research showed, the level of education, being an entrepreneur in the family, participating in training courses, risk-taking spirit and business satisfaction on women's desire to increase knowledge and job skills; Variables such as membership in the fund, number of years of activity, participation in training courses and the level of self-confidence on the desire to create new job opportunities; Risk-taking, the degree of trust and satisfaction of the business on the desire to increase the level of production and the amount of liquidity; The three variables of education, participation in training courses and risk-taking had a positive and significant effect on the willingness to use tools and production technology. The findings also showed that the distance from residence to business has a negative and significant effect on women's desire to create new job opportunities in the village. Utilizing the potential of cyberspace to educate women, using the capacities and services of promoters and experts in the field of agriculture, are the most important suggestions of this research.

Water is one of the most essential components of the natural environment and at the same time one of the main inputs of the agricultural sector which its shortage has led to many communities have faced the serious challenges. In this regard, many researchers and experts consider human beings as the pivot of water resources conservation programs and believe that conservation of water resources depends on accurate understanding of the components and constructs affecting stakeholders' conservation intentions and behaviors in different sections especially in the agricultural sector. Considering the importance of the issue, the main purpose of this descriptive-correlative research was to identify of factors affecting farmers' intention to perform water resources conservation measures (WRCMs) based on the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). The statistical population of the study comprised farmers in the central district of Zanjan County among which 330 persons were selected through random sampling method. A questionnaire based on the extended TPB model was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The construct validity and the composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfied after making necessary corrections. The empirical results of the study indicated that the main components of the original TPB model including attitude, perceived behavioral control and social norms had statistically significant positive effects on the intention to perform WRCMs and explained about 45% of its variances. Furthermore, after the inclusion of the variable of moral norms in the TPB model, the predictive power of the model was found to increase up to 6%. According the findings, the main suggestions of this study to improve farmers' intention to perform WRCMs are: giving financial facilities and credits and providing technical advice by experts, implementing large-scale social awareness programs, and highlighting the importance of conserving water resources as an important moral norm.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting behavior of using new technologies for water conservation among farmers in Sari County. That was done by adopting the Davis model. The population of the study consisted of 30788 farmers in Sari County that 220 were selected through multistage random sampling. The research tool was a questionnaire which its validity determined through sustainable agriculture expert and Diagnostic validity with using an average variance extracted (AVE). The reliability was confirmed with using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR). To explain the effectiveness, factor analysis and structural equation modeling with LISREL software, version 8.80 was used. According to the findings, water conservation behavior was relatively low in 40.9% of farmers. According to the results of the optimal model of using new water conservation technologies, farmers directly explained different dimensions of attitude 82% of the variance of the intention to water conservation behavior. Also, the intension to behavior of explained about 58% of the variance of water conservation behavior in farmers. Farmers' perceptions of technology (perceived of usefulness and perceived ease of use) was able to explain 91% of the variance of attitude, 75% of variance of intention to use and 52% of variance of water conservation behavior.

In relation to agricultural development, “diversification” is probably one of the most frequently used terms in the recent decade. Product diversification is often presented as a strategy to improve the sustainability of agricultural production systems, which can lead to a reduction in the use of inputs - pesticides, fertilizers, water and environmental damage - with good management.  However, despite the benefits of diversification in terms of environmental and economic sustainability, this type of farming system has not yet been accepted among farmers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological factors affecting farmers' intention to diversify agricultural products. To achieve this goal, the theory of planned behavior was used as the main framework. The statistical population of this study was consisted of all wheat farmers in Khoram Abad Township (N = 17623) that using Krejcie & Morgan table, the sample size was determined (n=375). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS 24 software package. The results showed that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive relationship with farmers' intention to diversify agricultural products. In addition, the results showed that the subjective norm had the most direct effect and behavioral beliefs had the most indirect effect on farmers' intention.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting knowledge and attitude of farmers toward relative advantage of crops in Garmsar County. The study was performed by causal-relative method. The population of this research was 13825 farmers in Garmsar County, which 380 was estimated as sample size by Morgan Table. The main tool of the study was a questionnaire, which its validity was confirmed by a panel of faculty members and the reliability was obtained by pilot test. The result showed that most of farmers toward crop farming of advantage relative were lower-middle knowledge, but upper- middle attitude. Results of the logit analysis of factors affecting knowledge of farmers toward relative advantage of crops farming showed that level of literacy, number of attendance in extension classes, number of extension visits had positive impacts, but contact to extension agent had negative impact. Results of the logit analysis of factors affecting on attitude also showed that level of literacy, number of attendance in extension classes, number of extension visits and farming income in past year had positive impacts, but contact to extension agents and number of land plot holding farmer had negative impact.

Main purpose of this study was to survey comparative study of the attitudes of rural people and dehyaran in relation to dehrari’s activities in hadi plan. The research method is descriptive and analytical approach. This study consisted of two groups (rural people and dehyaran). The population of dehyaran was 100 individuals and rural people was 303 that by Cochran formula selected randomly. The main tool of data collection was questiounire. The evaluate of reliability questionnaire obtained 0.86 with Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that the charactristics of rural people and Dehyaran were significant correlation with participation in relation to dehrari’s activities in hadi plan. The attitudes of rural people and dehyaran were significant correlation with social aspect and physical expension aspect in relation to dehrari’s activities in hadi plan but no significant correlation with economic aspects.

Using pressurized irrigation systems are one of the best ways to solve the problem of water scarcity in the agricultural sector, but their use by Iranian farmers is much less than expected. The main purpose of this study is the investigation of factors affecting the farmers' tendency to use these systems in Iran.  This research is causal-comparative. The geographical area is all provinces of Iran. Statistical population is model farmers. The sample size has been calculated by Cochran’s test and the number of people are 331. The sampling method is stratification and people in each group have been randomly selected. The independent variables of research are distinguished farmers, government supports, attitude, self-efficacy, water scarcity, technological features and personal characteristics. The path analysis statistical method and SPSS20 have been used to analyze the data. The results show that attitude variable has the highest impact on farmers' tendency (β= 0/549) and self-sufficiency and water scarcity are in the next order. In addition, it has been found that personal characteristics do not have effect on the tendency of farmers to use these systems (β= -0/001). Based on these results strengthening and developing the educational and extensional activities in the country to improve the attitude and self-efficacy of farmers as well as increase their knowledge and skills in using pressurized irrigation systems are suggested.

The use of chemical inputs seriously threaten the sustainability of crop production due to the erosion and destruction of soil health, in such a way that it has been always put into question and concerns for it have been growing. The current study was conducted to investigate the factors influensing the application of chemical fertilizers in saffron farms in Gonabad County. To this end, the descriptive-correlation research method was used. The study statistical population consisted of all saffron farmers in Gonabad. Proportional random sampling procedure was used in which 105 saffron farmers were selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that its. Face validity  was confirmed by the professors of agricultural economics. Also, the reliability of questions related to attitude towards sustainable agriculture was evaluated by conducting a pilot study in which the Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.698. Afterwards, a two-stage Heckman model was carried out to investigate factors affecting the use of chemical fertilizers. Based on the results, the coefficient of attitude towards sustainable agriculture in both stages was negative and significant, which represents that improvement of farmers' attitude effectively reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. While the coefficients of variables of farmers' income, age, education level, and agricultural insurance are positive and significant in both stages and increase the probability and amount of using fertilizers by farmers. Based on the findings, adopting appropriate strategies for familiarizing saffron farmers with sustainable agricultural practices, luding trust of reliable and experienced farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and reforming the structure of agricultural insurance system plays a decisive role in improving the farmers’ consumption pattern of chemical fertilizers.

The main aim current of the descriptive-correlational study was Analysis the factors affecting farmers' attitudes in Islamabad city, toward organic farming. The statistical population of this study was comprised of farmers in Islamabad city (N = 13910). The sample size was 370 using a table Bartlett et al. (2001), and stratified random sampling was used. Data were collected by questionnaire. According to findings, farmers in Islamabad have a moderate attitude towards organic agriculture (mean = 3.6, SD = 0.8). The result of path analysis showed that the variable of Farmers' income had the most significant effect on the farmers attitudes towards organic farming (β= 0.78). Furthermore, the other variables like: Participation in extension courses related to organic farming (β= 0.55), The farmers' access to communication channels (β=0.42), Farmers' knowledge of organic farming (β=0.35), The economic and technical support to government (β=0.32) and the organic market (β= 0.19), had the most effects on the farmers attitudes towards organic farming and respectively ranked in other priorities.

Determinants of behavioral change toward organic farming among the farmers of Bushehr province was the main purpose of the study. Data collection was accomplished using survey and a sample of 101 farmers was selected using stratified random sampling from the counties of Bushehr, Dayyer and Jom-o-riz. Face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a group of professors and specialists of agricultural research center. The reliability was also confirmed by a pilot study with 30 farmers out of the study region and the Cronbach`s alpha was computed in a range of 0.60 to 0.91. Findings revealed that farmers have been used biological control techniques as well as green fertilizers more than the other methods of organic farming. According to the causal model, agricultural background, the use of communicative media and its effectiveness, attitude toward conventional agricultural consequences, knowledge about organic farming, attitude toward reference group, attitude toward environment and human health and attitude toward organic farming are affecting factors of organic farming activities by the farmers. Finally, some recommendations were presented: Selection and training of the educated individuals in order to promote organic farming in the area, facilitating the basic factors for this modern way of farming, assigning this task to the centers of agricultural extension and services, enhancement of scientific and practical skills of the experts and extension agents in terms of organic farming and healthy products.

The main purpose of this research was to study the effects of knowledge, attitudes and satisfaction of greenhouse owners cooperative members in Pakdasht County on sustainability of Greenhouses. This paper was a descriptive study and the target population consisted of vegetable greenhouse owners whose were members of cooperatives (N=340) in Pakdasht county. Using a Cochran formula, the sample size determined 188 people and data collected through completely random sampling method. The main research tool was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability approved by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, CR and AVE for knowledge, attitudes and satisfaction scales. The data in both descriptive and analytical statistics were analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel software. Results of structural equation modeling showed that variables of knowledge, attitudes and satisfaction of greenhouse owners had positive and significant effects on sustainability level of greenhouses. Finally, after analyzing the direct and in

Biofuel energy has various benefits for rural area particularly in developing countries. As education and communication could be an important catalyst for biofuel adoption, the role of agricultural professionals and experts is very important in this regard. Since agriculture professionals and experts are an important source of information for farmers regarding adoption and innovation. They can facilitate the adoption of innovations or they can limit their diffusion. The aim of this study is to provide much needed empirical data about the perceptions of Iranian agricultural professionals in Khuzestan province toward biofuels. It will provide a knowledge base for the development of public policy measures that aim ultimately to increase biofuel adoption among Iranian farmers. Sample of the research was selected based on quota stratified random sampling (n= 288). Findings revealed that, attitude and moral norm directly influenced intention toward extension and development of biofuel. While perceived benefits and perception of innovation indirectly influenced it. The results also showed that, perceived benefits, perception of innovation, fairness, attitude and moral norms variables in a total of explain 37% of experts’ intention toward extension and development of biofuel.

One of the main strategies for sustainable rural development is the development of self-employment among rural youth. Entrepreneurship characteristic, attitude and intention are the factors affecting entrepreneurial and self-employment behaviors. Therefore, awareness of the level of entrepreneurial characteristics, attitude, and intention among rural youth and their relationship has great importance in the development of entrepreneurship and self-employment programs in rural areas. This study is performed to assess the effect of entrepreneurship characteristics on attitude and intention of self-employment of rural youth as two phenomena explain the behavior. The samples consisted of rural youth from West Islam Abad county that 200 of them were selected randomly. The survey instrument was a questionnaire; According to experts confirmed the validity of the way it was and to evaluate the reliability of the reliability of the combination was used. Data processing was the dominant method of covariance-based structural equation modeling as a result the adjusted model showed that despite the attitude of self-employment and entrepreneurial characteristics of rural youth from West Islam Abad county had a significant positive effect. This finding suggests that both attitude and intention of self-employment are effected by individual entrepreneurial characteristics simultaneously.

Destruction Dimensions the environment has reached such a volume that modern man no change in their thinking and behavior will ever be able to its environmental problems, to find a solution. Rural behavior in dealing with the resource base a determining role in conservation the environment. The main purpose of this study is logic analysis of the effects the dimensions of innovation and attitude on the behavior environmental the rural in relation to conservation technology. The statistical population of this study was consisted of 109679 households. Appling Cochran formula a sample consisted of 250 households were surveyed. The main instrument of this descriptive research was questionnaire. Face validity of questionnaire was approved by faculty members of University of Tehran agricultural extension and education department, and reliability of which was approved by computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS win18 software in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that most rural are moderate to low environmental behavior. The dimensions of innovation "compatibility, observability, trialability, relative advantage and complexity" and environmental attitudes, respectively compatibility, observability, complexity and environmental attitudes on behavior rural environmental impact.

The present study is done to investigate the role of knowledge, attitudes and information resources of Wheat Farmers (Arak County) in the adoption of conservation tillage. This research was a descriptive-correlation study which is done by survey method. The statistical population of this study included wheat farmers of three Service Center of Arak county (Hume arak, Musk Abad and Aybak Abad, (N=263). Among all of them, 155 persons were selected as the statistical sample by using Morgan with symmetrical random sampling method (n=156). Data collection was fulfilled by the use of questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was reviewed by comments of experts and professors of Agricultural Extension and Education, and the reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0/75 ≤ α ≤ 0/81). According the results of correlation coefficient, there was a positive and significant correlation between use of information sources, attitudes toward conservation tillage, agricultural land, the amount of income from farming, and the distance between farm and farm service center with the adoption of conservation tillage. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the income from farming, attitude toward conservation tillage and use of information sources aspects determined 39% of the variations in the adoption. The results of the means comparison showed a significant difference between adoption of conservation tillage and participation or nonparticipation in extension classes and type of machinery ownership at the level of 5percent.