جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « انگور » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Grape is one of the most important horticultural products in the world and in Iran and has a high genetic diversity. Determining the level of genetic diversity is the first step in plant breeding programs. Knowledge of genetic diversity, in addition to providing information on evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, genetic mapping, ecological and environmental adaptations, and ultimately selecting the right parents for breeding programs, will reduce the time and cost of breeding projects. This study was performed to investigate the genetic diversity of 69 cultivars and promising genotypes of Russian grapevines with three Iranian commercial grapevine cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers (ISSR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples were electrophoresed in 1.3% agarose gel. Cluster analysis with the UPGMA method was used based on the Jaccard coefficient after assigning one and zero to the presence or absence of a band in each primer for each genotype. The highest percentage of polymorphisms (100%) was related to UBC-823, UBC-825, UBC-841, UBC-846, UBC-855, and UBC-873 primers, and the lowest (66.7%) was related to UBC-817 primer. The highest and lowest levels of the polymorphic content index were observed in UBC-825 (0.487) and UBC-856 (0.216) primers, respectively. The highest and lowest levels of marker index were 2.718 and 0.904 related to UBC-889 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest values of the effective multiplex ratio index were 7 and 1.33 for UBC-841 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest resolving power were 8.11 and 2 for UBC-877 and UBC-841 primers, respectively. The UBC-815 and UBC-834 primers had no clear and concise bands. Overall, 73 bands were obtained from the 13 primers of the ISSR DNA marker which 64 bands were polymorphic and the total polymorphism was 88.1%. The highest and lowest numbers of bands were eight and two bands for UBC-826 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity, which led to the classification of 72 grape varieties with a similarity value of 0.12 to 0.89 in seven different groups. In the present study, high diversity was observed among the studied grapevine cultivars. This indicates the different geographical origins of the cultivars and genotypes under study.

Cold stress is one of the sudden stresses and causes a lot of damage to agricultural products. Plants, despite having open cold stress tolerance mechanisms, are not able to act at the rate of stress development in the region. . The use of hormonal and quasi-hormonal compounds can reduce the damage caused by cold to some extent. For this purpose, the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on biochemical properties and expression of cold-tolerant genes in grape seedlings was investigated. In this study, to reduce cold stress losses from GABA leaf spray in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications and in 3 concentrations (zero (control), 20.10 mM) on annual grape cuttings, Rish Baba cultivar (tolerant) and Yaghooti cultivar (susceptible) were used zero (control), 4, 8 and 10 hours) sampling was performed and in the first experiment biochemical parameters such as antioxidant content (total DPPH), phenol alcohol, and superoxide dismutase activity were examined, in the second experiment the treatment samples GABA at a concentration of 20 mM at 8 and 10 hours after application of stress in comparison with other treatments in both cultivars showed the most positive effect to counteract the effects of cold, so entered the molecular study and thus gene expression of CBF1, CBF2, CBF3 and CBF4 genes involved in cold were examined by Real Time-PCR. The results showed that GABA increases plant signaling and production of antioxidant compounds and is able to inhibit free radicals produced during stress. It also strengthens the signaling inside the plant and raises the expression level of resistance in grapes 8 and 10 hours after the application of cold stress. The transcription factor CBF2 has the highest expression level among GABA treated cultivars at a concentration of 20 mM has increased the resistance level in grape seedlings to an acceptable level.

The Yaghoot grape of Sistan is the earliest grape cultivar in Iran and its product is harvested at the end of May. The early ripening in grape is a desirable trait, because the product will be harvested before starting the warm and dry 120-day winds so it can escape the Sistan heat season. In this study, the expression pattern of two genes, Chalcone Synthase and ABA-8′ Hydroxylase, as transcription factors involved in the early ripening process of Yaghooti grape cultivar were investigated during different developmental stages. The leaf samples related to early ripening cultivars Red and White Yaghooti and late cultivars Fakhri and Cheshm-e-gavi and Sangi intermediate cultivar  as control treatment were studied during two development stages of grape clusters (filling and ripening the berries) using Real-time PCR method. The results of the expression changes of the studied genes showed a meaningful expression pattern in early cultivars compared by late cultivars during differnet developmental stages in grape clusters. The findings indicated that the ABA-8′ Hydroxylase gene was a transcription factor involved in the early ripening of the Sistan Yaghooti grape cultivar, and the Chalcone Synthase gene are playing an important role in ripening and changing the color of the berries.

thioredoxins (Trxs) are small ubiquitous disulfide reductases that are present in all organisms from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes and involve in the cell redox regulation. In contrast to other organisms, plants contain six different Trx types: f, m, x, y, o and h that only h type Trx has been the most extensively studied and consists of multiple forms that involved in different processes including cellular protection against oxidative stress. Cloning of a h-type thioredoxin gene was performed from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Askari) berry tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, and then its physico-chemical, structural and phylogenetic characteristics was analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of open reading frame, called VvTrx h4, was revealed a 345 bp long with a deduced amino acid of 114 residues, possessing a WCGPC active site. The estimated molecular mass and the predicted isoelectric point of the deduced polypeptide were 12.76 kDa and 5.22 respectively. Prediction of three-dimensional structure of VvTrx h4 using the crystal structure of AtTrx h1 from Arabidopsis was consistent with these predictions and with five β-sheets and four α helixes, contains the thioredoxin fold. The deduced protein sequence was shown a high similarity to thioredoxins h isolated from plants, e.g. Populus trichocarpa (89% similar with Pth3) and Citrus cv. Shiranuhi 86% similar with Csh). Phylogenetic studies using of thioredoxin from other plants was indicated that VvTrx h4 gene is a thioredoxin h, belonging to the subclass IA from subgroup I.