جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « zinc » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduces crop production more than any other stress. Micronutrients such as iron and zinc can improve drought stress tolerance in saffron. For this purpose, the present study was conducted in the growth chamber of the College of Science, University of Tehran, in order to investigate the effect of iron and zinc on vegetative characteristics and resistance traits of saffron plant under water stress conditions as a factorial based on a completely randomized design. In this experiment, iron and zinc were investigated at three levels of half concentration of Hoagland, full concentration and twice the concentration of Hoagland solution and at four levels of dryness of 0, 5, 10 and 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). The results showed that drought stress reduced fresh and dry root weight (1.36 g and 0.12 g in PEG 15%), root length (2.67 cm in PEG 15%), leaf and root protein content (0.05 and 0.04 mg/g FW in PEG 15%) and oxidizing enzymes (such as root peroxidase (1.04 IU/g protein in PEG10% and in PEG15% (1.09 IU/mg protein), leaf polyphenol oxidase (in PEG5% (0.14, 0.15 IU/mg protein in PEG10% and 0.14 IU/mg protein in PEG15%), leaf catalase (0.63 in PEG5%, 0.59 IU/mg protein in PEG10% and 0.34 IU/mg protein in PEG15%) and root catalase (0.25 IU/mg proein in PEG10% and 0.18 IU/mg protein in PEG15%). The use of iron and zinc in full concentrations and twice the concentration of Hoagland solution improved some qualitative and biochemical properties such as total chlorophyll (full concentration of zinc in PEG15% as much as 4.48 mg/g FW), chlorophyll a (twice the concentration of zinc in PEG5% as much as 2.96 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (zinc at full concentration in PEG15% as much as 5.04 mg/g w/w) Wet), carotenoids (zinc twice the concentration in PEG10% by 0.73 μg/mg protein), leaf flavonoids (iron twice the concentration of PEG5% by 0.18 μg/g FW), zinc root flavonoid twice the concentration in PEG0 by 0.15 μg/g FW), leaf flavonoids (iron twice the concentration in PEG15% by 0.05 μg/g FW) and flavonols (Leaf flavonols (twice the concentration of iron in PEG15% by 0.05 μg/g FW) and root flavonols (twice the concentration of iron in PEG5% by 0.21 μg/g FW). Finally, treatment with iron and zinc improved the status of some of the measured parameters under drought stress conditions. The use of these concentrations of iron and zinc is recommended to reduce the negative effects of drought in saffron.

One of the non-biological stresses for crop plants is drought and lack of water, which is the most important factor limiting the growth of crop plants in arid and semi-arid areas, including Iran. Drought impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations, and reduces water use efficiency in plants. Plants, however, have a variety of physiological and biochemical responses at cellular and whole organism levels, making it a more complex phenomenon. The rate of photosynthesis is reduced mainly by stomatal closure, membrane damage, and disturbed activity of various enzymes, especially those involved in ATP synthesis. Plants display a range of mechanisms to withstand drought, such as reduced water loss by increased diffusive resistance, increased water uptake with prolific and deep root systems, and smaller and succulent leaves to reduce transpirational loss. Therefore, the effects of drought stress and seed nutritional priming on plants can play an important role in managing different irrigation regimes to deal with adverse environmental conditions and improve crop yield management.

Quinoa is one of the crops that has received special attention in recent years due to its high nutritional value and resistance to dehydration. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the form of a factorial split plot, with three rounds of irrigation of 7, 10 and 14 days as the main factor and seed priming at two levels without prime as a control and Iron sulfate + zinc sulfate combination as the second factor was applied on three genotypes (Q12, Q29 and Giza1) of quinoa as secondary factors, in the crop year of 2021-2022 in the regions of Neishabour and Kashmar.

Moisture stress decreased the relative water content and percentage of membrane stability. In Kashmir region, the highest relative water content was observed in cultivars Q12 and Giza under the treatment of irrigation once every 14 days. While in the Neishabur region, the highest value of the mentioned variable was obtained in the treatment of irrigation once every 7 days and cultivar Q29. Slicing analysis of the interaction effect of cultivar and irrigation treatments and the interaction effect of irrigation and priming in Kashmir region showed that the 7 and 10 day irrigation treatment was significant on cell membrane stability. Comparison of the average interaction effect of the three tested factors in Neishabur area showed that the variety Q12 (regardless of seed priming) along with applying 14 days of irrigation caused a significant increase in membrane stability in Neishabur. Although the lowest level of membrane stability was obtained in the priming treatment of Q12 and Giza cultivars with the application of 7 days of irrigation once. It was observed that the priming treatment of Q29 and Giza cultivars with irrigation every 10 and 7 days, respectively, showed the highest amount of total chlorophyll in the Kashmir region, while in the Neishabur region, the highest amount of total chlorophyll was obtained in non-priming of Giza cultivar with the application of 10 Irrigation once a day. The results of the experiment showed that seed priming of Q12 and Q29 cultivars under irrigation once every 7 days caused a significant increase in seed yield in Kashmir region. In Neishabur region, the highest amount of seed yield was obtained in the non-priming cultivar Giza under irrigation once in 10 days.

In general, seed priming with zinc sulfate and iron sulfate can improve the physiological characteristics of quinoa under water stress. Although in regarding the relative water content, the Q29 variety had a dominant effect on the priming treatment in Neishabour region. According to the results of the Q29 variety in the Kashmar region and the Giza variety In the Neishabour region, it will help plant growth by maintaining the chlorophyll content of the leaves under low irrigation conditions.

Like other crops, wheat also faces several environmental limitations during its growth period, such as the lack of micronutrients. Zinc deficiency causes limitations in crop production, especially growth, and yield in calcareous soils. Considering the economic and agricultural importance of wheat in the world and Iran, it is necessary to pay attention to and identify genetic relationships, to know the level of genetic diversity, and estimate it in wheat germplasm by plant breeders. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying genetic diversity and investigating stress tolerance indicators on phenological, physiological, and biochemical traits in desirable spring wheat cultivars under optimal conditions and zinc deficiency stress.

Sixty-four spring wheat cultivars under both optimal conditions and zinc deficiency stress, a simple lattice design was performed in 2019-2020 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University. In this research, phenological traits including the number of days to germination, number of days to booting, number of days to pollination, number of days to physiological maturity, grain filling period, and physiological and biochemical characteristics including canopy temperature, total chlorophyll, leaf area index, fresh weight and dry weight, relative water content, grain protein concentration, zinc concentration in shoot and grain yield were measured.

The results of the analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the cultivars in both optimal conditions and zinc deficiency stress in most of the studied traits. positive and significant correlations of Ys and Yp with MP, GMP, STI, and HM indices showed that these indices are the most suitable indices for screening cultivars under zinc deficiency stress conditions.

Generally, based on studied traits, tolerance indices, the results of principal components analysis, and cluster analysis, Aflak, Darya, Arvand, Roshan, Kavir, and Sirvand were selected as desirable cultivars and VEE/NAC, Tajan, Parsi, and Panjamo were identified as undesirable and susceptible cultivars. The selected tolerant and susceptible cultivars can be used for developing biparental populations, gene expression analysis, and breeding programs to produce cultivars with high yield.

To investigate the effect of zinc and potassium application on some morphological traits and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot included irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot included two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) including 2 L/ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray after pollination, and zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) including four liters per ha in three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray was used after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits were observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium and zinc fertilizers compared to the control increased grain yield (4.5%) and RWC (5.8%) evaluated morphological indices under stress conditions.To investigat

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) belongs to the Amaranth family and is native to the Andes. In recent decades, the cultivation of this plant has extended. One of the reasons for paying attention to this plant is its ability to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. It has a higher protein content than wheat, barley, corn and rice. On the other hand, plant seeds supply all the essential amino acids (including lysine, methionine and cysteine) needed by humans. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on the amount of micronutrients and protein percentage in quinoa seeds.

An experiment was planted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications on August 7, 2017. Experimental treatments included three superior genotypes (Sadough, Titicaca and NSRCQB). Genotype in sub-plot and irrigation water salinity at 3 levels of 2, 10 and 17 dS/m were located in the main plot. Finally, grain yield, saponin content (foam height), grain size and amount of micronutrients in grain and grain protein percentage were measured after saponification.

The effect of salinity stress on 1000-grain weight, grain yield, grain size (1.7-2, 1.4-1.7 mm), foam height, iron, zinc, calcium content and protein yield were significant. Sadough cultivar had the highest 1000-seed weight and grain yield. Sadough and Titicaca cultivar had the highest percentage of large seeds and small seeds, respectively. With increasing salinity, seed yield of Titicaca cultivar decreased by 13% per unit increasing irrigation water salinity, while in Sadough and NSRCQB genotypes, there was no significant difference with non-saline level. With increasing salinity, the lowest foam height was related to NSRCQB genotype. The interaction effect of salinity stress and genotype on grain yield, foam height, percentage of iron, zinc, calcium, protein and protein yield was significant. With increasing salinity, iron content in Titicaca cultivar, zinc content in all three genotypes, nitrogen in Sadough and NSRCQB, calcium in Titicaca, protein percentage in Sadough and NSRCQB increased significantly compared to non-saline conditions. With increasing salinity, the highest increase slope among micronutrients was related to grain. Protein yield in Sadough and NSRCQB cultivars was not affected by salinity increase, while in Titicaca cultivar decreased by 13% per unit of irrigation water salinity.

With increasing salinity up to 10 dS/m, the seed yield of three quinoa genotypes was not affected and this plant is recommended for exploitation of saline water resources. Sadough cultivar was the best among the three genotypes. The percentage of micronutrients iron, calcium, zinc and grain protein increased under saline conditions and despite the decrease in grain yield, the protein yield per square meter was not affected. The rate of increase in micronutrients and decrease in yield with increasing salinity of irrigation water is affected by genotype. Since the quantity and quality of quinoa seeds are not affected by water salinity, it can be effective in improving food security in marginal areas.

Industrialization and destructive human activities have led to a rapid spread of heavy elements contamination in soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and salicylic acid on yield and physiological traits of corn in Rahimi and Molavi farms (contaminated with heavy metals and located near lead and zinc factors in Zanjan) in 2020, by using a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks. Factors included spraying salicylic acid at zero, 600, 1200, and 1800 µM, and spraying nanosilicon at zero, 600, 1200 and 1800 mM. Based on the results of soil analysis, lead, zinc, and cadmium concentrations in both fields were higher than the allowable limit and this heavy metal contamination was more severe in Rahimi field. Heavy metal contamination reduced plant height, grain yield and yield components, biological yield, chlorophyll content, and proline levels. The highest grain yield and grain weight were obtained with 1800 µM salicylic acid and 1200 mM nanosilicon treatments, and the lowest with the control treatment (without salicylic acid or nanosilicon). The highest chlorophyll content was obtained from 1800 µM salicylic acid treatment on Molavi's farm and the maximum amount of chlorophyll was observed in 1800 mM nanosilicon treatment. Overall, the treatments improved the yield, chlorophyll content, and relative water content of corn leaves. It is recommended to spray 1800 µM salicylic acid and 1200 mM nanosilicon on the corn fields in this area to increase the stress tolerance under heavy metal conditions.

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrients and zinc (Zn) is the most important micronutrients that their deficiency is the most important global nutrient disorder in the world paddy fields. The current field study was conducted to explain the effect of Zn and P foliar application on Zn and P content of rice grains and more broadly, grains bio-fortification (Zn and protein content).

The three factors factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2017-2018 at research field of the rice research institute of Iran, Rasht. The experimental factors were: varieties at two levels (Hashemi (local) and Guilaneh (improved) varieties), Phosphorous at three levels and Zinc at three levels.Also, the experimental treatments were: 1- no zinc foliar application (control-tap water foliar application), 2- the foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate (22%) at the strat of booting, 3- the foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate (22%) at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages; 4- no P foliar application (control-tap water foliar application), 2- the foliar application of 0.5% P(mono potassium phosphate- laboratory brand) at the strat of booting, 3- the foliar application of 0.5% P at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages.

The results of analysis of variance indicated that all the applied treatments and their interactions significantly influenced the morphological, yield and yield components, Zn and protein contents of rice grains. The results revealed that the foliar application of Zn and P the strat of booting and grain filling stages increased panicle length in Hashemi (7%) and Guilaneh (12.94%) cultivars, filled and unfertile grain number of Guilaneh (35.23- 6.40%) and Hashemi (40-35%) cultivars. Also, the foliar application of Zn and P (alone) increased the grain yield about 7 and 11.10%, respectively, and their application the strat of booting and grain filling stages increased biological yield of Hashemi and Guilaneh cultivars about 19.22 and 25.98%, respectively. The highest content of grain Zn and protein content were recorded at by the strat of booting and grain filling stages foliar application of Zn about 27 and 11 present, respectively.

It can be concluded that the foliar application of Zn and P at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages might enhanced the studied rice cultivars yield and yield component and more broadly the grain quality.

In order to investigate the effect of drought stress, biofertilizer and potassium Nano fertilizer on quinoa plant, a split-factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Ahmadabad Mostofi, Tehran, Iran in two growing seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). The studied factors included drought stress at four levels (-0.015 (control), -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa) as the main factor and two biofertilizer factors (a combination of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhiza fungi at four levels (non-application (control) and 1, 2 and 3%) and potassium Nano fertilizer at two levels (non-application (control) and application) as sub-factors were factorially placed in sub-plots. The results showed that the highest leaf area index (3.38), 1000-seed weight (2.56 g) and harvest index (31.7%) is attainable in normal irrigation condition and application of potassium Nano fertilizer. The highest potassium (0.115%), iron (154.0 mg/100 g dry matter), and grain carbohydrates (76.8%) contents were obtained under normal irrigation condition with application of 3% biofertilizer and application of Nano fertilizer and the lowest ones were obtained under condition of severe stress with non-application of biofertilizer and non-application of potassium Nano fertilizer. With increasing stress intensity, the mean calcium and magnesium of the seed decreased from 0.273% and 0.240% in normal irrigation conditions to 0.145% and 0.142% in severe stress conditions, respectively. Drought stress increased and decreased quinoa protein and seed oil, respectively, but the application of biofertilizer and potassium Nano fertilizer improved them. Therefore, both under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, the use of 3% biofertilizer and potassium Nano fertilizer is recommended to improve the quality of quinoa seed.

Due to the lack of micronutrient elements and the urgent need for biofortification in important and strategic plants in the nutrition of human society such as wheat, it is necessary to evaluate any strategy to optimize the quality and production of this product. This has led researchers to investigate the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron at different stages of growth to evaluate grain yield and quality traits of wheat.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on the traits zinc and iron concentration and leaf chlorophyll content, nitrogen content in flag leaf, chlorophyll index, canopy temperature, Cytoplasmic membrane stability, grain nitrogen percentage, grain protein yield and grain yield of dryland wheat of Aseman cultivar, the experimental was carried out as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Agricultural Research Station And natural resources of Gonbad Kavous was done in 2019-2020 crop year. Experimental factors include foliar application at four levels (foliar application of zinc, foliar application of iron, simultaneous application of zinc and iron and foliar application of pure water as a control) and the second factor at three levels of foliar application time (tillering, shoot elongation and grain filling) Was considered.

The results showed that foliar spraying with iron, foliar application of zinc and mixed use of iron + zinc had a significant effect on the studied traits. Also, foliar application at different stages of growth had a significant effect on the evaluated traits except chlorophyll index and grain yield. The interaction effect of foliar application at the time of foliar application also showed that the maximum amount of zinc in the flag leaf was related to the foliar application of zinc (at grain filling time) and the highest amount of iron in the flag leaf was related to the combined foliar application of zinc and iron (in Grain filling stage) and foliar application of iron (at the shoot elongation stage) were obtained. The highest percentage of grain nitrogen was obtained in foliar application of iron (2.06%) and foliar application simultaneous of zinc and iron (2.04%) at the time of shoot elongation foliar application. Who were statistically in a group. In addition, the grain protein yield in the simultaneous foliar application of zinc and iron at the time of shoot elongation had the highest amount compared to other treatments. Finally, the highest grain yield was obtained by simultaneous application of iron and zinc at grain filling time and shoot elongation.

In general, foliar application of zinc and iron micronutrients improved the quality traits of wheat and increased wheat grain yield compared to the control treatment. Also, foliar application of iron and zinc elements alone or in combination with each other increased grain yield and qualitative traits of dryland wheat in the climatic conditions of the region.

Wheat is the most important source of protein in human nutrition, accounting for 22% of the world cultivated area. Drought stress is one of the most significant constraints to wheat production around the world. Plant growth in adverse situations can be improved by a variety of tactics, one of which is seed priming with various chemicals. Because wheat products are mostly cooked, the quality of the flour is very important. Grain protein is one of the factors that determines the quality of wheat flour. Because of the calcareous soil, lack of organic matter, and high acidity in Iran, soil application of nutrients has minimal effect on plant access to them. In such conditions, seed priming can help increase nutritional content in the wheat grain.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of seed priming on yield, protein percentage and concentration of some nutrients of dryland wheat grain (cultivar Azar 2). The experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the Research Farm of Kurdistan University during two cropping years (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). Priming treatments were included control (without priming), potassium chloride (1%), urea (2%), zinc sulfate (0.6%), calcium chloride (1.4%), vitasprin (0.1 %), cytokinin (50 mg / L) and hydroprim.

The results showed that grain yield was higher in 2018-2019 than in 2019-2020, which is likely due to the higher rainfall this year (19%). Seed priming with water led to improved grain yield in both cropping years. The highest and lowest percentages of grain protein were observed in seed priming treatment with potassium chloride and seed priming treatment with calcium chloride, respectively. Also, the highest concentration of zinc in the grain was obtained in the treatment of seed priming with zinc sulfate. Seed priming had no significant effect on the grain concentrations of potassium and phosphorus in both cropping years.

Due to the high cost of using chemical compounds for seed priming and the positive effects of hydroprim in increasing grain yield in this experiment, hydroprim can be suggested as a cost-effective way to increase yield in dryland conditions. On the other hand, with the positive effects that seed priming has on the percentage of grain protein (prime with potassium chloride) and zinc concentration (prime with zinc sulfate) in the grain, it can be used to improve grain protein, increase the quality of wheat flour, increase zinc concentration and reduce malnutrition due to zinc deficiency.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a like-cereal plant with high nutritional value and tolerant of abiotic stresses. Quinoa has recently been recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad for cultivation in saline areas with limited water supply, but there are not many studies on the growth characteristics and nutritional needs of this plant in the country. Nanotechnology has made possiblity to use nutrients and reduces the cost of environmental protection. Salinity stress is one of the most important limitations of crop growth in arid and semiarid regions. Due to the importance of salinity stress, nano- fertilizer and quinoa plant, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of spraying different nano-fertilizers on leaf and seed nutrient concentrations and some physiological traits in quinoa under salinity stress.

This experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2017. The first factor was salinity stress (Lake Urmia water was used) at three levels (0, 16 and 32 dS /m) and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels (calcium, silica, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). To determine the amount of potassium and sodium, first standard solutions of each of these elements were prepared and the concentration of the elements was read by the flame-photometer (Clinical pfp7 model) by flame diffusion method, first the standards and then the main samples. Measurements of calcium and zinc were also read by atomic absorption spectrometer (model AA-6300). Statistical analysis of data using SAS software Ver. 9.1 and MATATC were performed and the means were compared by LSD test at the level of 5%.

Results showed that salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control traits leaf calcium (56 and 53%), seed calcium (52 and 48), chlorophyll a (32 and 14%) and chlorophyll b (28, 12%) decreased respectively; but the amount of seed zinc content (45 and 36%), carotenoids (30 and 18%), proline (33 and 15%), soluble sugars (24 and 8%), seed sodium (20 and 19%) and leaf sodium (56 and 48%), increased respectively. Foliar application of nanofertilizers in comparison with the control increased the amount of seed calcium, seed zinc, chlorophyll a and b and proline content. The highest amount on leaf zinc (67.66 mg/kg) were obtained from the treatment without salinity and spraying with zinc nanofertilizer. Also, the highest amounts of seed potassium (1.95%) and leaf potassium (3.86%) were obtained under salinity stress of 16 dS/m and foliar application of calcium and potassium, respectively.

The findings of this study indicated that different levels of salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest reduction in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Spraying with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll and proline content, seed zinc and calcium led to increase total dry weight and seed yield of quinoa. Therefore, to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions, spraying of nano-fertilizers is suggested.

Barley is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world and the second cereal crop in Iran in supplying food needs. Considering population growth and food shortages, it is important to look at ways to increase production. Seeds of higher quality and vigor emerge better when exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses and have stronger seedlings with higher vigor. It seems that one of the appropriate strategies for reducing or moderating the effect of stress on yield is foliar application with micronutrients which can also affect germination and vigor of the produced seeds. For this purpose, the effect of water stress and foliar application on germination characteristics and vigor of barley seeds was investigated. 

A factorial experiment was carried out based on CRD with four replications on the seeds resulted from a field experiment at Isfahan Kaboutarabad Agricultural Research Station, during the cropping year of 2018-19.  The main factors was foliar application at five levels: no foliar application(water use), zinc sulfate (0.5%), potassium sulfate (0.5%) and salicylic acid (1.5 mM), and superoxide dismutase (3 mg/liter) at the start of tillering for three times at seven day intervals and the sub-factor was genotypes was Goharan (drought tolerant), Mehr (salt-tolerant) and Armaghan (stress-sensitive). After harvesting, germination traits were evaluated.

Foliar application of maternal barley plant at the late season drought stress had a significant effect on root and shoots length, root and shoot dry weight, length and weight vigor indices, allometric coefficient and germination uniformity of seed. Also among the studied cultivars in late season irrigation cut off conditions, Goharan cultivar had a better shoot and root development (seedling vigor weight index) and higher seed germination uniformity.

Foliar application of potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate on different barley cultivars resulted in favorable metabolic conditions in seed and due to better root development and higher dry weight than stem development and as a result, higher allometric coefficient and better establishment under late season drought stress, may provide better growth conditions under drought stress conditions.

Goharan barley cultivar responds more positively to foliar application under late season drought stress conditions. Foliar application of potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and super oxidase superoxide on Goharan cultivar maternal plant under late season drought stress condition led to the highest seedling root length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight.

Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) are important micronutrients in plant growth and their deficiency in plants, especially in cereal crops, is a major nutritional problem in the world. In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on the qualitative traits and grain yield of dryland wheat of Aseman cultivar an experiment was conducted at Gonbad Kavous Agricultural Researches Center during 2019-2020. The experimental was carried out as a factorial based on Randomized Complete Block design with 4 replications. Experimental factors included: foliar application of zinc (2g. L-1) and iron (3g. L-1) were at four levels (foliar application of iron and zinc and combined application of zinc and iron and pure water (control)) and foliar spraying time was at three levels (tillering, shoot elongation and seed filling). The measurements included, grain yield, zinc and iron concentration of grain, grain protein content and leaf photosynthetic pigments content. Results showed that foliar application had a significant effect on the studied traits except chlorophyll a/b ratio. Foliar spraying time was also significantly different in grain protein content, iron and zinc concentration of grain, chlorophyll a and carotenoid content. Foliar application treatments (zinc, iron and mixed zinc and iron) had a significant increase in the concentration of grain zinc and iron as well as grain protein and grain yield in comparison with the control treatment. In general, foliar application of zinc and iron, respectively caused an increase zinc concentration (39.85%) and iron concentration (89.43%) of grain in compared to control. The highest (11.45%) and lowest (7.87%) grain protein obtained from mixed consumption of zinc and iron and control respectively. The foliar application mixed of zinc and iron caused an increase in grain yield (42.48%) in compared to the control. Interaction of foliar application × foliar application time showed that the highest amount of grain yield was belonged to simultaneous treatment of zinc and iron in the stages of grain filling and shoot elongation with averages of 8625 and 8600 kg/ha, respectively. It could be concluded that zinc and iron fertilizer applications cause an increase in the concentration of nutrients and grain yield of dry wheat in the climatic conditions of the this region.

This study has been performed at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2017-2018 growing season. A split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates is carried out. The treatments include two levels of irrigation as the main plots [normal irrigation (IRN): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the physiological maturity and water stress (IRDI): irrigation based on the plant's water requirement up to the anthesis stage]. Also, the first sub plot has been two levels of wheat residues [1. no residue (NR), 2. returning 30% of wheat residue to soil (RR)] and the second sub plot four fertilizer sources [N0, without fertilizer (control); N100, 100 kg N ha-1; Bio + N50, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense) + 50 kg N ha-1 and Bio, Biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense)]. The results show that copper, zinc, and iron contents are affected by N source × crop residue × IR regime interaction. The interaction show that the barley grain micronutrient contents have had a decreasing trend from IRN to IRDI treatment. Also, N fertilizer sources increase the micronutrient contents in both irrigation regimes, especially, in IRN conditions. The Bio + N50 treatment has increased the copper grain content by 74% and 72% as compared to N0 in NR and RR treatments, respectively, under IRN conditions. Also, there is a similar trend under IRDI conditions. Furthermore, the other grain micronutrient contents show a similar trend with barley grain copper content when affected by N source × crop residue × IR regime interaction. The highest grain yield belongs to Bio + N50 treatment under IRN (4049 kg ha-1) and IRDI (2256 kg ha-1) conditions. Therefore, due to the superiority of Bio + N50 in micronutrient contents, grain yield under different irrigation regimes and residues treatments, the principles of sustainable agriculture and environmental considerations, application of Bio + N50 treatment is recommended in southern regions of Iran.

In order to investigation Effect of zinc and boron micronutrient and chelated nano-fertilizersfoliar application on yield and yield components of wheat in Khorramabad region, a factorialexperiment in the form of complete randomized block design with three replications was carriedout in mamolan lorestan region in 2019-2020. In this experiment, two factors were examined.The first factor includes zinc and boron micronutrient foliar application in 3 levels (control,two per thousand and four per thousand) and the second factor includes nano-fertilizer foliarapplication in 4 levels (control, two per thousand, four per thousand and six per thousand).Micro consumption elements and chelate nano-fertilize comprise boron and zinc and microcomplete respectively. The experimental results showed that foliar application of lowconsumption elements (zinc and boron) had positive effect on all the studied traits. Also, foliarapplication of chelate fertilizer showed significant effect on all studied traits except for harvestindex. The highest Seed yield (4442 kg /ha) and 1000 seed weight (38/87 g) were observed intwo per thousand of micronutrients and six per thousand of chelate nano-fertilizer. Due to thepositive effects of micronutrients consuming in increasing the yield of crops and due to thewidespread shortage of these elements in agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay specialattention to these important nutrients in agricultural projects and soil fertility managementprograms and plant nutrition, to be able to harvest more and better quality products in order tomeet the nutritional needs and improve the health of people in the community.