جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "molasses" در نشریات گروه "شیلات"

The use of dietary supplements plays an essential role in enhancing fish consumer safety. On the other hand, the presence of nanoparticles affects the physiological status of fish and decreases their immune function. Therefore, the use of safety stimuli such as molasses may be necessary. The present study was performed to assess the hematological indices of molasses-fed common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to titanium nanoparticles. Accordingly, 250 fish with a mean weight of 20±0.62 g was divided and fed for 42 days in four treatments, diet without molasses (treatment 1), diet containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), 1% molasses (treatment 3) and 2% molasses (treatment 4). At the end of the feeding period, each group received 50% lethal concentration of nano-titanium for 14 days. Blood samples were taken to measure blood levels at the end of the experiment. The results of the present study showed that with increasing molasses diet, the number of white blood cells significantly increased and also in the molasses treatments exposed to nano-titanium, there was also a significant increase in the number of white blood cells. Red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin increased in molasses-fed diets and this trend was increased with increasing molasses concentration in diets and was significantly different from control group (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study showed that blood monocyte levels decreased in nano-titanium and molasses combination treatments. So, molasses in combination with nano-titanium has been able to improve undesirable lesions. Also, the number of blood lymphocytes in nano-titanium and molasses combination treatments increased, which means molasses in combination with nano-titanium could improve the reduction effect of nano-titanium.

The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of molasses pretreatment on the liver index of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to copper oxide and titanium nanoparticles. Therefore, 250 juveniles of common carp for 42 days in four categories, rations without molasses (treatment 1), diets containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), diets containing 1% molasses (treatment 3) and diets Containing 2% molasses (treatment 4) were divided. Then, 50% of the lethal concentrations of copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles were added to each group for fourteen days. Histological studies of fish exposed to molasses and oxidomes and titanium nanoparticles showed structural abnormalities in liver tissue such as hemorrhage, fattening, and macrophage accumulation. So that these changes were very different compared to the tissues of the control group. The final conclusion of the present study showed that nano-titanium and nano-copper treatment resulted in tissue damage in carp liver; Although pathological complication was also observed in the combined treatments of the mentioned nanoparticles and molasses, but the severity of injuries decreased with increasing molasses concentration.

The presence of nanoparticles affects the physiological condition of fish and reduces the immune function of fish, so the use of immune stimulants such as molasses is very important. 250 juveniles of common carp for 42 days in four categories: ration without molasses (treatment 1), ration containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), ration containing 1% molasses (treatment 3) and ration containing 2% molasses (Treatment 4) were divided. Then, 50% of the lethal concentration of nano-iron was added to each group for fourteen days. Histological studies of fish exposed to molasses and iron nanoparticles showed structural abnormalities in liver tissue. So that these changes were very different compared to the tissues of the control group. The final conclusion of the present study showed that nano-iron treatment led to tissue damage in carp liver; Although histopathological complication was also observed in the combination of nano-iron and molasses treatments, but the severity of injuries decreased with increasing molasses concentration. The negative effect of iron nanoparticles on normal carp liver tissue by molasses seems to be minimized.

In current study, the effect of different times of molasses addition on water quality and immune performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus( mucus in biofloc system with limited water exchange was investigated. Nile tilapia with an average weight of 1.53 g was cultured in fiberglass tanks (circular cross section) with a volume of 130 liters of water at a density of one fish per liter for 37 days. Five experimental groups were considered including a control (without biofloc) group without carbonaceous substance addition and four biofloc treatments with molasses added daily (biofloc 1), once every two days (biofloc 2), once every three days (biofloc 3) and once every four days (biofloc 4). 2.5 ml/l microbial mass was added as a starter to biofloc treatments. Also, molasses carbonaceous material (65% of the input feed) was used to adjust the carbon to nitrogen ratio. According to the results, water quality in biofloc treatments showed that the lowest amount of total ammonia nitrogen (0.23 mg/l) and the highest amount of nitrate (25.5 mg/l) were obtained in biofloc 1 treatment (daily molasses addition), that showed a significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). Based on the results of immune function of tilapia mucus, the lowest amount of total immunoglobulin (43.66 mg/100 ml) and lysozyme activity (17.33 ml/min) were observed in the control (without biofloc) group (p<0.05). Generally, the current research showed that the water quality in the biofloc system is improved with the addition of molasses on a daily basis and also the immune function of Nile tilapia mucus in biofloc system is more active than the normal system without microbial floc.

The emergence of newly released nanoparticles in water results in stress response of fishes, which ultimately affects the physiological state and reduces the immune function of fishes. Therefore, it seems the use of immune stimulants such as molasses is very necessary. In this study 250 common carp were exposed to molasses in four groups, with no molasses (treatment 1), diet containing 0.5% molasses (treatment 2), 1% molasses (treatment 3) and diet containing 2% molasses (Treatment 4) for 42 days. Each group were exposed to 50% of lethal concentration of nano-iron for 14 days. Then, various indices such as soluble protein, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and immunoglobulin were measured in mucus. Results showed that total experimental treatments had a significant effect on mucus immune parameters (P<0.05), so these indices were affected by treatments fed with molasses increased with the increase of molasses concentration, in the treatment of nano-iron and in the treatment of nano-iron and molasses, the amount of this indicator increased significantly. The overall conclusion of this study shows that molasses, iron nanoparticles, molasses and iron compound increased the mucosal immune parameters.

microalgae use has been recently attracted for the production of biologically active drugs and pharmaceuticals.Carbon source is an essential factor for the Spirulina maxima growth. Since finding the appropriate carbon source and its concentration to achieve high levels of biomass in the shortest cultivation period is very valuable. Therefore, the effect of different carbon sources (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, glucose and molasses) with different concentrations (16, 24 and 32 gL-1) on growth and biomass production were evaluated.

Microalgae was grown in 11 treatments with 3 replications at labarotary temperature (28±3 °C) and 1350±100 Lux light intensity (24 hours exposure-time). Maximum specific growth rate and doubling time were calculated according to nonlinear modeling by Wolfram Mathematica software at 99% confidence interval.

The highest biomass concentration (gL-1) at the highest carbon source concentration in the first 5 days belonged to molasses (3.083), glucose (2.094), sodium carbonate (0.869) and sodium bicarbonate (0.835). Biomass production of treatments except glucose in medium was increased by increasing concentration from 16 to 32 gL-1. Although molasses has reached on highest biomass production during the first 5 days of cultivation, but the greatest effect on increasing specific growth rate belongs to the glucose sample.

As a result, the carbon source and its concentration had a significant effect on the growth and biomass production. Glucose has been selected as an effective carbon source for growth with a concentration of 24gL-1. Moreover, the highest concentration of treatments had shown the least effect on specific growth rate.