جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نگرش » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

In recent years, along with the increasing development of information and communication technologies, many interactions in the real world have been transferred to the virtual world. The routine activities of different societies are being mechanized at an unexpected speed over time due to the global trends. So, the effects of microprocessor revolution are clearly visible everywhere, at home, work, and businesses. Determination and analysis of factors affecting the intention to e-commerce business among the knowledge-based companies of Sistan and Baluchistan province was the main purpose of this study. The sample of research included 162 members of knowledge-based companies who were independent or located in Science and Technology Park of Sistan and Baluchistan province, which were selected through stratified random sampling method. The required data was collected with questionnaire. The content and face validity were checked by a panel of professors of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education at Shiraz University. The reliability was also confirmed through a pilot study conducted with a sample of 30 individuals who were the members of knowledge-based companies in Science and Technology Park of Fars province. According to the results of the SEM, the variables of knowledge about the e-commerce laws, computer and internet literacy, attitude towards e-commerce, subjective norms, and perceived usefulness were the factors that had direct effects on the respondents` intention to e-commerce startup. Computer and internet literacy had the highest effects on the entrepreneurs` intention toward e-commerce. Finally, some applicable suggestions were presented to increase the intention of business owners to start e-business, based on research findings.

The theory of planned behavior is used to recognize and understand environmental and personal factors affecting behavior, considering that this theory has been widely used to predict behavior, therefore this research aims to investigate the factors affecting The lack of students' inclination to study in Kermanshah's vocational colleges was based on Ajzen theory of planned behavior. The statistical population of the research included all the students of the third grade of the first secondary school of Kermanshah province in the academic year of 2020-2021 (14824 persons); From this number and based on the table of Bartlett et al., 370 students were selected as a sample in a two-stage cluster and proportional assignment method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on Ajzen model, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the ordinal Theta coefficient. The results showed that the three constructs of belief in self-efficacy, attitude towards agricultural science, and society's norms explain 40 Percent of the variance of students' intention to choose the agricultural science field, and among these three constructs, Society's norms were recognized as the most effective factor.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors influencing the farmers' behavioral intention to accept Arta tobacco cultivation in the eastern regions of Gholston province. The research type was an applied research which was done by a surveying method. The statistical population was 662 tobacco farmers in Minoodasht and Dozin regions located in the east of the province, of those 154 samples were selected as a sample population by using Cocheran's formula. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The questionnaire validity was assessed by discriminant and convergent validity methods and the questionaire reliability was evaluated by composite reliability method using PLS software. The hypotheses test and structural modeling equations results showed that the variables attitude with a coefficient of 0.717, personality with a coefficient of 0.322, perceived ease of use with a coefficient of 0.267, trust with a coefficient of 0.167 and perceived risk with a coefficient of 0.138 were the strongest determination of farmers' behavioral intention in accepting Arta tobacco, respectively.

Due to the adverse effects of conventional agriculture on human health and the environment, there has been a lot of emphasis at the global and national level to move towards sustainable agriculture. Knowing the attitudinal and behavioral status of farmers, as agents of this policy, is very important. In this descriptive-correlational research, the attitudes and behavior of farmers regarding sustainable agriculture were studied with an emphasis on plant conservation. Using multi-stage random sampling method and Cochran's formula, 300 farmers of Arak city were selected and studied. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by using the opinions of experts, and its reliability was also obtained by conducting a preliminary study and calculating Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.86 for composite indicators. The results showed that 86% of farmers had a neutral attitude and only 14% had a favorable attitude regarding sustainable agriculture. The correlation coefficient showed that farmers' behavior has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of attitude towards sustainability, level of education, area of rainfed agricultural land, area of integrated agricultural land, level of interest in integration, contact with agricultural experts, contact with agricultural machinery sales centers, visit to Extension farms, use of radio, neighboring farmers in the village and a negative and significant relationship with farmers' monthly income. Regression analysis also showed that Six variables including attitude, agricultural land area, monthly income, education level, receiving information from input sellers and interest in integrating farms explain 33.9% of the variance of farmers' behavior regarding sustainability.

Today, engaging in conservation agriculture is an undeniable necessity, and the knowledge, attitudes and skills of farmers in this field can help to develop conservation agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and skills of farmers in Kermanshah Province in the field of conservation agriculture. Statistical population of this study was farmers in Kermanshah Province. The sample size was determined by Bartlett et al. (2001) (n= 370) and sampling was done in a multi-stage manner. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of experts and the convergent validity was done through calculation (AVE), which was equal to 0.76. In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the ordinal theta coefficient was used and an acceptable value was obtained. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational level, attending educational-extension courses, income, work experience, amount of owned lands, attitude towards conservation agriculture and knowledge of conservation agriculture with the use of conservation agricultural practices. The results also showed that the studied farmers have an appropriate and positive attitude towards conservation agriculture. Farmers' knowledge of conservation agriculture was also good, but their skills in conservation agriculture were assessed as low. Therefore, in order to develop conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province, it is suggested that agricultural extension planners make every effort to increase the skills of farmers in the field of conservation agriculture.

This study is aimed to analyze the attitude of gardeners towards the establishment of marketing cooperatives. We used descriptive-survey technique was used to collect data. The statistical population includes all grape growers in Takestan. The sample size was calculated using the formula of Mendenhall et al and sample was selected using Randomly Stratified Sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that included two parts: scales for measuring research variables and personal and economic characteristics of gardeners. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by five faculty members of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. To assess the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, which showed the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire scales. For mean comparison and correlation statistic tests, SPSS 24 software was used and for estimating the structural equations model, AMOS14 software was used. The results showed that in totally, 61.7% of the selected gardeners had a positive attitude towards the establishment of marketing cooperatives. Also, the variables of cooperative knowledge, the degree of cohesion and participation of local people, and understanding the existing obstacles and problems had a positive and significant effect on gardeners' attitudes toward creating marketing cooperatives. According to the research findings, providing educational programs using media that are suitable for gardeners in the region in order to increase gardeners' knowledge and awareness of cooperatives, as well as programs that increase the level of participation of local people can pave the way for successful marketing cooperatives in the region.

The rapid increase in global population and the industrialization of agricultural products have led to the destruction of natural resources and posed great challenges to the ecosystem. The purpose of this descriptive research was to identify the intention of strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad counties to apply Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). The statistical population of the study was strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad county (N=241). The sample size determined via the Krejcie and Morgan table (n=174). The sampling was based on a proportional stratified random sampling approach. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. Face and content validities of the questionnaire evaluated and verified by a group of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) coefficients. For data analysis, AMOS23 and SPSS23 software were used. Descriptive results showed that the highest and lowest mean for the components of GAP behavior were assigned to the harvesting and packaging (3.60 out of 5) and the field condition and location (2.96 out of 5), respectively. It also should be emphasized that the means calculated for the variables attitude (3.76 out of 5), subjective norms (3.45 out of 5), perceived behavioral control (3.19 out of 5), and intention of applying GAP (3.66 out of 5) were greater than the average score. Research findings showed that attitude and perceived behavioral control had positive and significant effects on farmers' intention toward applying GAP. So that these variables could explain about 25% of variation in strawberry growers’ intention toward applying GAP.

Because of consumers Increasing tendency to the subjects of health and environmental issues in recent years, using organic products has been increased And this has led to research on the consumption of organic products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological and demographic characteristics on consumers' attitudes towards the consumption of organic products. The present study used a survey method to collect data and a correlation method to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study consists of consumers of organic products (garden products, livestock, dairy, fruits, and vegetables organic) in Urmia. Based on Cochran's formula, 141 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The questionnaire-based on the Likert spectrum was used in order to collect information. The validity of convergent and divergent validity was used by Lisrel software, In order to fit the reliability, Cronbach alpha was used and its coefficient for all research structures is more than 0.7. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the research data. The findings of this research show that the psychological characteristics (materialism, Hedonic, and Uniqueness) have a positive and significant effect on the attitudes of consumers towards the consumption of organic products, and also this positive attitude towards the intention to purchase organic products has a positive and Meaningful. Finally, there was a significant difference between the attitudes of male and female consumers towards the consumption of organic agricultural products, but there was no difference between the attitudes of different age groups.

Meteorological information (MI) and weather forecasts are vital for producing agricultural yields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of agro-meteorological information from the perspective of farmers in Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyerahmad Province. The study was based on a survey and statistical population consisted of 42000 wheat farmers in the province. Using Cochran sampling formula, 335 of them were selected as a sample. The validity of questionnaire confirmed by a panel of experts in agricultural and meteorological information areas. The reliability of the research tool was investigated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients. The results revealed that most of farmers believe that agro-meteorological information are effective in terms of determining the data of wheat sowing, using insurance services, controlling pests, required seeds, and increasing the quality of wheat, respectively. Communication sources had a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of MI. The result of logistic regression revealed that the affecting components of MI effectiveness consist of the farmer’s trust, attitude, farming without irrigation system, and level of education, respectively. Therfore, it is expected that the effectiveness of meteorological information be increasing by improving the components.

One of the reasons for the failure of established WUAs is the lack of attention the social context and the set of actions that must be taken before the start of the establishment of WUAs. Regarding this issue, the purpose of this study was to explain the attitude and intention of farmers to participate in the establishment of WUAs. The statistical population of this study included all farmers in the central district of Dehloran Township, which any WUAs has not been established in this region until now and a sample selected using completely random sampling method and Cochran formula among them. A researcher-made questionnaire, which its validity and reliability confirmed, used to collect data.  The data were analyzed using SPSS V20 software. The results of the study showed that there was a positive attitude among the beneficiaries of the region. The findings also showed that large farmers with integrated lands, tend to be less inclined to participate in establishing WUAs. In addition, the results showed a positive and significant relationship between attitude and willingness to participate of the beneficiaries. Finally, some suggestions provided for facilitating the decision-making process towards the establishment of sustainable and successful cooperatives in the future.

Regarding the importance of employment in the rural areas, as one of the most important policies in agricultural higher education programs, nevertheless a significant proportion of graduated does not involve in rural activity. So this study was aimed to investigate the attitudes of agricultural students towards occupation in rural areas. The study was a correlation- descriptive survey and target population consisted of agricultural students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in the 2016-2017 educational year (N=1192). Sample size determined using Cochran formula as 170 people and stratified random sampling method was used as a sampling method. The main research instrument was questionnaire which its validity confirmed by the panel of expert and reliability approved by AVE with the value of 0.40 to 0.48 and CR coefficient with a value of 0.77 to 0.88. The results indicated that almost 55% of respondents had the positive and relatively positive attitude towards occupation in rural areas. Also based on comparative analysis significant differences were found regarding gender and living place in term of attitude as boys and rural students had more favorite attitudes towards occupation in rural areas. Based on correlational analysis there were a significant statistical relationship between families’ income, years of living in rural areas and students’ interest with attitude. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) also showed that three factors of "entrepreneurial individual characteristics", "social and economic factors", and "government supportive policies" explained about 86 percent of variance in dependent variable of attitudes toward occupation in rural areas.

Increasing the efficiency and productivity of agricultural water using pressurized irrigation systems at the farm level has been one of the main strategies of the past three decades of agricultural water resources management plans. However, the question of efficiency and optimum use of this irrigation system remains to be answered. The aim of this research was to study the level of optimal water-use and its determinants among tomato producers who have adopted drip-tape irrigation system in Kazeroon County, Iran. A survey research method was used with a systematic random sample which included 250 tomato producers from Markazi and Jereh-Baladeh Divisions of Kazeroon County. The findings revealed that attitudes toward the importance of optimal irrigation has a strong positive correlation with optimum water-use. Regression results indicated that attitude toward the importance of optimal irrigation, agricultural water quality (EC), soil quality, climate type, the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used and agricultural land slope can significantly predict the level of farmers’ optimal drip-tape irrigation use. These variables explain 76 percent variance of the optimal water use. The results also showed that the optimal water-use has a significant relationship with agricultural water productivity, cost of production, and the level of farm weeds and diseases. Findings indicated that human dimension has a decisive role in achieving the optimization of drip-tape irrigation system, therefore, the agricultural extension plans to optimize the use of pressurized irrigation systems should focus on improving attitudes, behavior and skills of farmers.

The aim of this research was to investigate attitude of local people who live in villages near forests of Margoon district, Boyer-Ahmad County, regarding participatory forest management and its influencing factors. For this purpose, 164 rural householders were selected and studied with the aid of random sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data using questionnaire containing open and closed questions. A panel of experts confirmed the face validity of the questionnaire. Due to determining the reliability of the questionnaire, internal contingency by Cronbach’s alpha value was implemented that the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0.54 to 0.82) were confirmed the questionnaire. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.5 and Amos20 software’s. Findings from Pearson correlation revealed that there was a correlation between the attitude regarding participatory forest management and age, education, household's income, forest degradation beliefs, reference group attitude, pro-ecological view, limits to growth beliefs, eco-crisis beliefs. Furthermore, the hierarchy regression results showed that among the variables postulated in the model; reference group attitude, age, eco-crisis beliefs, limits to growth beliefs and family numbers were the most important determinants to predict attitude toward participatory forest management. Overall, these variables were able to explain 52.6 percent of variability in attitude. Furthermore, the CMIN/DF, NIF, IFI, CFI, and RMSEA coefficients confirmed and verified the model's desirability. Finally, negotiating with older householders due to their experiences was recommended in terms of organizing and controlling local people's attitudes.

The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude of farmers to participate in the process of preserving and restoring Urmia Lake and its related factors in Miandoab Township, West Azarbayjan, Iran. The statistical population consisted of all farmers in villages of central district of Miandoab Township (N=1376). The sample size determined using Cochran's formula (n=134) and cluster sampling method used for selecting samples. Descriptive and correlational research method used in this study. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of agricultural extension and education faculty members. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire (0.78-0.81). Data analyzed using SPSS 20. The finding revealed that there is a significant relationship between attitude to participate in the process of preserving and restoring Urmia Lake and agricultural income, agricultural job satisfaction, willingness to pay for the restoration of the Lake, the confidence in government agencies and the level of satisfaction with the services provided and the competence of government to protect and restore the Lake. Farmer's satisfaction will increased through improved services and the participation of government agencies and so it could improve attitudes of farmers to participate in conservation and restoration of Urmia Lake.

One of the products that are abundant in the area under cultivation, is chickpea The highest area under cultivation and production of chickpea in Kermanshah province is allocated. Since the Damage to farms chickpea, lowers the performance of this product And the use of chemical pesticides does not guarantee success pest control Therefore, use of non-chemical control methods, including using biological control by pea growers seem wise. The overall aim of this descriptive correlational study and Factors effect the acceptation of biological control chickpea pod borer in the Kermanshah township. The population in this study comprised chickpea growers in Kermanshah township(N = 3000) in which 341 according to Morgan table And were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire was made, was to gather information And using spss software were processed and analyzed. Based on the findings, size of family, the area under and cultivation experience chickpea growers in a pea-fed two groups of chickpea pod borer accept or refuse biological control was significant. According to the results of logistic regression, Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were influential in the acceptation of biological control chickpea pod borer The greatest influence on the acceptation of biological control chickpea pod borer is created by changing attitude.

The main purpose of this research was to study affecting factors on students’ entrepreneurial intention with emphasis on mediating effect of attitude toward entrepreneurial behavior. The statistical population of the research contained of all M.Sc. students in agriculture faculty of Zanjan University in 2015- 2016 academic year (N=489). According to Bartlett et al. (2001) table, a sample size of 220 was selected using a stratified random sampling method (n=220). Data were collected using the standard questionnaires (after adjusting the questions with the field of research). Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Construct validity and composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfactory after making necessary corrections. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) multivariate technique and the Bootstrapping method was used for testing mediating effect. The results showed that two variable of perceived behavior control (ρ-value=0.001, β=0.808) and social norms (ρ-value=0.001, β=0.374) had a positive and significant effect on students’ entrepreneurial intention. In addition to this, the results indicated that sum of indirect effect of perceived behavior control (ρ-value=0.001, β=0.237) and social norms (ρ-value=0.001, β=0.210) on students’ entrepreneurial intention through the variable of attitude toward entrepreneurial behavior was significant and the three the variables explained 64 percent of variances of the students’ entrepreneurial intention.