جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « architectural design » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

This article examines the effects of residential plan design on the circadian rhythm through natural light in common residential spaces in Tehran over the past decade. Light profoundly influences human health, and home architecture plays a pivotal role in regulating the body's daily rhythms. Given that individuals spend a significant portion of their time indoors, especially during the transition from day to night, the levels of natural light throughout the day serve as a vital biological measure for human well-being at home.. The study delves into the importance of light's effect on melanopic cells in the brain and the human body's circadian rhythm, emphasizing the necessity to explore a brightness factor that accurately reflects vertically received melanopic light, akin to the movement of the human eye within indoor spaces. The first part of the study involved developing a theoretical framework for investigating dynamic daylight by explaining several related areas such as human perception and the psychology of light, light and circadian rhythm of the body, light evaluation criteria, light in architecture, typical residential architecture in Tehran. Subsequently,, employing logical reasoning methods and referring to the previous section, a theoretical framework was developed and a research model was obtained. After reviewing related research backgrounds, various simulation models for light movement in architectural spaces were used to collect basic information required for this section. In this study, initially, several variables regarding plan design were examined on simple plans and preliminary analyses were conducted on their effects on circadian rhythm during selected days from 9 am to 1 pm. After understanding these variables separately for examining residential spaces' effects, common house plans in Tehran were selected based on previous studies. Several plan samples were taken from specific building locations and modeled using Rhinoceros 3D software and ALFA plugin. Then melanopic lux levels were measured at numerous points on an assumed grid in four directions at each point throughout the entire unit's plan. Design recommendations for improving the performance of circadian rhythm synchronization of the body with the environmental circadian rhythm, for common plans in Tehran while considering municipal regulations and relevant restrictions were proposed. These includedeepening the interior space based on the direction of openings leads to a decrease in the desired spatial percentage. This issue is less problematic in southern facades but significantly reduces space desirability in northern facades. Therefore, deepening the space in northern facades is not recommended. Dividing and breaking down the dimensions of interior space leads to a decrease in receivedEquivalent Melanopic Lux . In houses with two-sided northern and southern facades, it is recommended that the living room faces south and bedrooms face north. In apartments with two units per floor, it is recommended to divide units into two units with two-sided northern and southern facades. In addition to computer software simulations, field measurements were taken at two sample houses on-site under similar conditions as those in the software to match results and confirm their accuracy. The results confirm the accuracy of output results from the software.

Problem Statement:

 Performative Computational Architecture is an intelligent approach to the performance-based design process, which has a lot of conceptual confusion among some students, designers, and researchers. The purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to systematically review Performative Computational Architecture to explain its functional and physical factors.

The research method of this research with a quantitative-qualitative and comprehensive approach is document content analysis based on literature review of Performative Computational Architecture. Data analysis has been done through descriptive analysis and correlation, regression and Shannon tests on subjects and factors.

The findings show that the researches in the field of Performative Computational Architecture have been conducted in three topics of the skin, form and layout of the building. Shading, window dimensions, window placement and window-to-wall ratio are among the most important factors in determining the form of the building shell. Also, building form, floor height and the number of buildings are the most important factors in writing the building form generator design algorithm. Spatial location, proximity and network matrix are also among the most important factors in the design of the productive design of the building layout.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Performative Computational Architecture, as a performance-based design approach, shares the three concepts of generative design, algorithmic design and parametric design, with a focus on performance evaluation and optimization. Also, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the factors of form finding have different degrees of importance based on three subjects.The position of the space and the proximity matrix in the subject of layout, shading in the subject of skin and the shape of the building in the subject of form are explained as the key factors of form finding.

Problem statement: Architectural education in Iran is encountering fundamental issues and suffering from weaknesses such as confusion in architectural education spaces in Iran, the lack of a somewhat responsive process to the educational needs of students, and,  the lack of the student’s orientation towards learning architectural design. Unfortunately, in universities, professors pay less attention to the subject of “understanding space,” and the problem is how to teach students to create it without a clear understanding of the nature of space. On the other hand, transferring concepts from a visible state to a spatial one is much simpler than transferring them from a mental, verbal, or written state to a spatial one.

The main goal of this research is to identify the challenges and problems in teaching architectural design, with an emphasis on the mental perception of students.

The present study is considered applied in terms of its purpose and data collection and analysis methods within the qualitative research group. The statistical population of the research includes experts and professors in the field of architecture at the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran and Karaj. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and ATLAS TI software was used for data coding.

The results led to the identification of 46 core codes, 84 indicators, and 17 final themes, which include issues such as the physical conditions of learning environments, outdated methods and design approaches in Iranian universities, the level of familiarity of architecture professors with modern methods, lack of paradigmatic convergence, one-sidedness in architectural design education, visually-centric space creation, and more. Therefore, it can be said that in the educational and research system of Iranian architecture departments, less attention is paid to “mental perception” and architecture students cannot accurately convey their understanding of the environment using past methods such as simple hand tools, paper, and models and convince their audience of the success of their project. Understanding the environment and its mechanisms plays a key role in expressing the environment.

Evacuation modelling is a tool for measuring the performance of building design for safe evacuation of occupants during emergencies such as fires. The first evacuation modelling efforts date back to the mid-70s. To date, a wide range of evacuation models have been developed, with numerous problems having been studied in various scientific disciplines. In the present study, a database of 152 original papers was developed through a systematic search in the field of evacuation modelling, and their data was used to answer three key questions. The first question was that of the role of architectural design in the entire body of research. Architectural design issues are one of the five fields in evacuation modelling research being considered in a variety of scales in the design process. The second question was that of important elements of evacuation modelling. This was answered by data analysis. From the perspective of variables and their relationship, it was found that several elements have been considered as independent variables in evacuation modelling, with their design features being considered as measures to explain other dependent parameters. The third question was that of the relationship between architectural elements and other modelling parameters. When a modelling is aimed at evaluation of a design, the results can cause significant changes in the original design.Modelling methods are also relevant to the levels of design development. In early stages, macroscopic modelling can lead to the rejection or acceptance of a design alternative or schema, or demonstrate whether or not the design conforms to the required performance criteria. In more advanced stages, microscopic modelling is applied as a tool to make fine tunings of dimensions, configuration details and layouts of columns and furniture. The results showed that the swarm intelligence-based methods are the emerging field among microscopic models that can result in lower computational cost and more accurate results.

One of the issues in architectural education is the gap between knowledge and its application in the design practice by students. So far, this issue has been addressed from different approaches in many research studies and some solutions have been proposed. However, the issue persists and architectural education continues to grapple with it. This research attempted to rethink this issue from a different approach. The approach is based on the embodied cognition. The basics of embodied cognition clarify the role of human body in the cognition. Cognition means perception of the environment. In this paper, we collected these basics from the written resources. The resources that studied are based on the Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of perception. He showed that the human body is both subject and an activist in the environment. He emphasized that the interaction between body and environment is the most important agent in perception. Therfore, the research methodology is logical argumentation. The methodology is underlying on the phenomenology of perception and embodied cognition. Also, some part of the methodology is experiment. In the experiment, we selected naive architecture students from Payame Noor University of Iran, who participated in the “understanding and presenting of environment” course in their first semester. Some of the exercises in the lesson were body-based practice. We surveyed all the exercises of the students and compared them with the basics of the research. The results show that one of the reasons for the gap between the knowledge and its application in the design practice is that the cognitive role of student body in the architectural training is not taken into account. Then, if the architectural knowledge and design practice were both based on the embodied cognition, the cognitive, actionable, and representative role of the student's body, the gap between knowledge and its application in the design practice will be reduce. Finally, the student body has a basic role in the architectural knowledge and design. In the body-based practices, we showed what and how the practice can help the student’s body to become active in the training. However, the training and body practice is not the same as some sports, but the practices that can help students to understand the environment and present their understanding. We present some of these practices and students' responses to them. We showed that the name of that practice is embodied experience and it is helpful for architectural students. Then, we proposed other embodied experiences to have an embodied architectural education and training: the same as geometry understanding by showing the Pahlevani and Zoorkhaneh rituals. The rituals take place in the geometric spaces and all actions are based on that geometry. The other one is understanding the structure by doing the bridge movement in bodybuilding sport. It helps students to understand the bridge structure and bearing forces by bridge building.

Architectural design education has always represented aunique pedagogy. From the early years of masterapprentice model to the modern project-based learning in form of thedesign studio. Many studios dealalmost solely with the individual, while complexities of contemporary practice require collaborative teamwork. Ithas always focused on individuality and personal-biased practicewith the importance of communication and criticism.However, in the recent years, the architectural profession hasbecome more complex, which critically
requires shifting paradigm towards a more collaborative approach. Students are supposedly being prepared for practice, but they are usually led to think of themselves as independent designers, which is a rare condition in real life.

Research Problem:

 Architectural design is a collaborative process in which understanding between group members may be more important than their ideas. Therefore, when architectural design is considered as a collective activity, it will also be effective in teaching it. One of the skills required by architecture students to succeed in the profession of architectural design is the skill of collaboration, group communication and teamwork. Architecture students need to collaborate, discuss, and exchange ideas in the studio to prepare for a collaborative design career, so there is a need for participatory design studios in architecture schools.

Research question: 

How can participatory architecture design training increase the skills of collaboration and teamwork of architecture design students?

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of participatory education model in architectural design courses in the studio

The research method in this article is causal-comparative method. The study was a comparison of the conventional method and the participatory model method from the students' point of view and evaluated their performance. The statistical population of this study was the architecture design students of= Ardabil Azad University in the fall semester of 1398 with 40 people in three different groups as a sample of the study and surveyed. The data collection tool was library resource studies and a questionnaire designed by researchers. In this article, quantitative analysis of the questionnaire during a semester in the workshop is used.

conclusions of the research:

 Participatory education model with grouping of students, presenting the topic of joint design, joint evaluation of group members and scoring the performance of the whole group, as well as using tools such as " time and task schedule", "Article "Reflection" and " ‘‘peer assessment" increase the level of students' interactions and their skills in working with each other and their contribution to the design process, and increase their readiness to face professional challenges in the future. According to the research findings, it was found that the participatory design model in design increases the efficiency, learning capacity, motivation and communication and social skills of students and teaches how to design in a shared design environment.

Extensive research has been done on various aspects of structural knowledge. The main problem with most results is the lack of sufficient attention to how structural knowledge should be present in the design process. Structural knowledge contains two main types of cognition: numerical and geometric. With both cognitions having their merits in the design process, structural cognition deserves to be present from initial to implementation stages; and it is the important and valuable position of geometry that has been ignored amidst computational difficulties and the development of structural design and analytical tools. Many structural solutions are realised based on geometrical cognition. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of geometric cognition on activities related to structural design in architecture. The study starts with thoroughly introducing the aspects of geometric cognition of the structure. Then, the quantitative research strategy is used to statistically measure the two parameters of satisfaction and skill enhancement of architecture students following the application of geometric cognition method in structural design. For quantitative analysis, the paired t-test method is used using SPSS software. The results show that the use of geometric cognition has a positive effect on the level of satisfaction and skill of participants in applying structural knowledge in architectural designs.

The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.

In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.

According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.

Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.

Problem Statement:

 In design methodology studies, it has been assumed that designing is a unique cognitive action that is used in various professional fields. The generality of this matter is not rejected, but after nearly seventy years of design methodology studies and relying on common general knowledge of design, we can now address the question: What are the differences in design methods in various fields? And what is the reason for these differences?

Research Question: 

More specifically, this research has limited the research problem to comparing the design method used in product design and architectural design and raised the following question: “What are the differences in design method in the fields of product design and architectural design?” To find the answer, this preliminary question had to be answered: What is the design method in product design and architectural design?

 To find the methodological differences between the process of product design and architectural design. Research Method  According to the criticism that was accomplished in the literature review regarding the problem and experiment method of similar research, this research method is a qualitative case study, and in terms of method, it is an experimental-descriptive one. Experiments and unstructured interviews were conducted to collect information, and the grounded theory method (GTM) was used to refine and classify the information. The theoretical framework of this research is design methodology with the approach of “design cognition”.

 After collecting the data through testing and categorizing it, there have been discussions on the findings that showed seventeen general cases. In conclusion, it can be said that the method in product design is similar to the method in architectural design in some dimensions, but in others, these two groups have evidently different behaviors. In the common aspects, the inherent dimensions and nature of the design can be seen, but in the different aspects, the role of the environment and education is evident.

In this study, a design method is presented based on the compass geometry. After invention and development of Cartesian coordinates system, world had undergone a significant change and it is said that every technological device and architecture software such as laser cutters, 3-D printers, AutoCad, 3Ds Max and so forth, has been working with the principles of this geometrical system. Therefore, the compass geometrical space is long forgotten since the invention of the Cartesian coordinates system. So, due to this considerable alteration, the application of this geometrical system in Iran’s architecture had been forgotten after the world’s major development. The compass had been the main Iranian architect’s tool in the past eras and due to this fact, the designed products of that time were usually based on arcs, so it is argued that there has to be some fundamental differences with the compass geometry and Descartes geometry. There seems to be a relative approach in Cartesian geometrical system, on contrary, Iranian architects considered the geometry as a quite qualitative issue and because of this fact, the proportions between different parts of a building were much more important rather than the quantitative issues such as dimensions. The lack of architecture plans like the ones that are available in its current form regarded to be a crucial issue that has given rise to lack of acquaintance of methods and design devices of Iran’s historical architecture. This research tried to express the characteristics of this geometric space and the challenges that an architect may come across in the design process with this system and also its fundamental differences between Descartes’ geometric space. In addition, providing a simple model of a tool that can produce form in this geometric space is considered to be another important objective of this research. In order to achieve this purpose, at first, a paradigm based on the compass geometry space was simulated. At the next step, nine prototype tools with different capabilities were presented based on the simulated paradigm. And finally, a tool was designed and after that, a related architectural design was modeled with the designed tool. Presenting this tool and designing a prototype based on it are among the results of this article. The main questions of this research are: what are the origins of the compass geometry, what tools are needed, and how they can be used. Pursuing these questions would give rise to the results such as reproducing Persian architecture, more accurate analysis of this architecture, and providing a new tool that is compatible with Iranian culture. The methodology of this research was conducted based on a scientific paradigm which is associated with analogical reasoning that three strategies- comparison of Cartesian and the Compass geometry, logical strategy, and the simulation of the Compass geometry- have been carried out. To achieve this goal, at the first step, the roots of the current western architecture was explained and a comparative study between Descartes’ and compass geometry in Iran’s architecture was carried out. Then, the characteristics of compass geometry and the rules based on this geometrical space were explained. In the next step, the compass’ geometrical space was simulated based on this system. And finally, a design pattern was modeled and presented based on this geometry.

Extensive research has been conducted on various aspects of structural knowledge. A complete study of the challenges and problems of structural design and its evaluation in the context of architecture within the conceptual process of structural design is not only limited and in its early stages in the structure design literature in the field of architecture and, but also it  has been neglected in the architecture literature in Iran. Therefore, in this research, the approach to the existing problems and challenges of structural design (at least) from two perspectives has been considered, namely its study in the architectural context and conceptual design stage. In the present study, according to the topics of structural theories and design process in the literature, these two perspectives have played a key role in all stages of research, including planning, data collection and data analysis. Structure formation in the design process stages, ranges from creating the form of the structure to computational solutions. Therefore, structure in the field of architecture, which is an integral part of architectural space, is known by examining various aspects of structural knowledge; an important issue in this process is the conversion of structural knowledge into architectural design and how to participate and use it effectively in the architectural design process. In other words, what type and volume of knowledge of structural knowledge in a multitude of design demands can be used in the design process? The stages of structural formation in a design process include two main steps of structural design and structural analysis. Design refers to the creation and overall design of a structure, which is more in the realm of the architects' duties; therefore, in this research, the step of structural design has been selected, which has various sections and is necessary for the activities of the architect in the early stages of the architectural design process (conceptual design stage of the structure). An important issue in the formation of the structure is how the knowledge of the structure is transferred in the early stages of architectural design. The main purpose of this study is to identify the challenges, issues and difficulties of structural knowledge participation in the architectural design process, especially in the conceptual design step of the structure. Qualitative research method has been selected in the form of an action research using questionnaire, interviews, note-taking and practical tests for data collection and analysis. The statistical population of the research is bachelor and master students of architecture and architecture graduates. The research findings show that despite having the necessary structural knowledge, many participants face challenges in terms of their participation in the architectural design process. The reason for many of these challenges is seen in the insufficient awareness of the participants about the relationship between architectural design and structural design and the lack of attention to the importance of geometric recognition of structural knowledge and structural systems.

The first thing that comes to mind when residential areas in the culture of contemporary Iranian architecture are studied is that achieving higher quality in residential environments is a necessity given the said point. Identifying the main factors that affect quality improvement, providing a model for quality measurement in the residential environment, and then prioritizing indexes is essential. Not only does this method study the issue of quality from the perspective of residents living in the selected complex, but also it can be used in quality improvement policies and strategies of residential environments. Therefore, this article considers three main factors: capability of intermediate spaces, quality of architectural design, and personal characteristics of residents in question. This article analyzed the relationship between these factors and the quality of residential complexes. Further, it determined environmental quality based on residents’ needs and expectations by providing a four-level model for measuring quality in residential complexes and measuring indicators from residents. Then, it identified the principal indicators in quality improvement of the environment by prioritizing indicators. This measurement used t-test, correlation, and factor analysis. The results obtained in the field of research hypotheses showed that there is a significant correlation between the indicators of the duration of residence, level of education, age and type of ownership (in the individual characteristics of residents), the ability of intermediate spaces, and the quality of architects’ design with the quality of the residential environment. The results showed that the residents of Vahdat Beton Complex are not satisfied with the quality of their residential environment. The quality score showed that the most dissatisfaction is with the area of the residential complex. Also, the consequence of the significant coefficient demonstrated that the area of the residential unit should be considered by the city officials, as their top priority. The results of the analysis of the elements that make up the quality of the environment showed that space 2 at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of the residential complex, and space 3 at the level of the residential unit is more important spaces for the residents. Moreover, the lowest level of residents’ satisfaction is with the accessibility at the level of the residential complex and the observance of privacy, overlooking, and visual pleasure at the level of the residential unit. Prioritization of measures to improve the quality of the environment showed that space 3, at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of a residential complex, spaces 1 & 3 at the level of the residential unit are the most important spaces for improving the quality of buildings. It also showed that indicators of green space and social livelihood in space 2, visual pleasure and sensual richness in space 3 of neighborhood unit level, accessibility, and readability in space3, green space and controlling the entry of strangers to the complex in space 1 of residential complex level, green space, and belonging in space 3, privacy and overlooking in space 1 of the residential unit level.

Responding to the child's need for mobility and play is an important issue both from the perspective of improving mental and physical health and as a response to the needs of a resident of a residential apartment. But due to the limitations in the construction of residential complexes; In many houses, the open space (yard), which was previously the most suitable private space to meet this child's biological need (movement), was removed and finally a small semi-open space (terrace) was replaced. The purpose of this research is to identify the influential components in the design of the body of the residential apartment in improving the quality of the space in order to respond to the mobility of the child. This research was done based on quantitative method (with the help of researcher-made questionnaire tool). Data collection was done by providing a questionnaire to the residents of Hormzan residential complex in Tehran, and the obtained data were analyzed using Spss-26 software and using factor analysis, Friedman test, Pearson correlation test, and the results were extracted and presented. Based on the analysis of the research findings, the use of open space (elevated yard) or semi-open space (terrace), green space, flexibility in the furniture and body of the apartment, and the use of natural light are the most important components that should be used as criteria for designing the body of a residential apartment to meet the needs. The child should be considered for mobility.

This paper presents the first results of a doctoral program with the aim of examining the range of domain relationships between TRIZ and Biomimetic within the new design range. In fact, several authors are currently proposed as a research path related to identifying the opportunity for integration between TRIZ and Biomimetic for more effective and efficient design. This paper presents a comparison between tools based on the performance model used in the problem solving process inside TRIZ and Biomimetic. This paper presents a comparison between tools based on the performance model used in the problem solving process inside TRIZ and Biomimetic. This comparison aims to develop the supplementary overlap and the incompatibility of these tasks in order to improve the nature of natural solutions in a method of engineering and how to describe the technical problems in order to use natural information as a source of inspiration given by a multi - sample analysis. The obtained results are discussed in terms of changes in describing the engineering problem to use a database of biological functions (e. g., classification) as a natural knowledge source in the new design process.

Concerns about how to teach architecture in schools of architecture were highlighted in 1976 at the University of California-Berkeley. The reasons for dissatisfaction with structural education in the schools of architecture at that time were summarized as follows: Separation of the field of knowledge of "structure" from other fields of knowledge in the field of architecture and inconsistency of structural concepts with the process Architectural design, traditional teaching methods, and concepts branched out from the curriculum in civil engineering schools that have not been developed to meet the needs of architects, superficial and weak concepts that are not satisfactory for the topics and technical needs of architecture. Many researchers have sought to investigate the causes of this problem and answer it. This article provides an overview of the research that has taken place in the field, and also examines the structural education curriculum at several selected universities, including Berkeley University, which initiated the movement. The results of this study show that teaching the basics and generalities of structure to architects is the first step in teaching structure. Understanding the behavior of structures and using structures as a creative force in design are higher educational goals that require educational activities on campus. The results of research show that working with physical models of structures, using structural software and also performing structural design exercises under the architectural design process, are among the effective activities in this regard. The use of physical models affects the initial understanding of the behavior of structures. Computer simulations of structural models visualize more complex analyzes of the behavior of structures, and perform structural design exercises under architectural design to teach the application of structural knowledge in Emphasizes architectural design.
Teaching architects the basics of structure in order to use it in solving architectural design problems. Therefore, it is necessary to teach the application of theoretical knowledge of structure in architectural design. This can be done with design exercises along with structural theoretical training. . This research has been done by collecting data libraries as well as content analysis-research method.
. The purpose of this study was to find effective methods tested for structural education for architects.
 

Biological evolution through genetic diversity causes morphological diversity, which leads to a high level of adaptation, performance and resource efficiency. However, the biological design resulting from the evolution in the non-linear method is often non-intuitive and unexpected. Undirected evolutionary processes are very good at discovering new design possibilities in an endless way. Therefore, biological evolution is completely different in the gradual and permanent line of convergence of technical optimization with defined and fixed proportionality functions. Evolutionary algorithms based on Darwin's principles are mainly developed to solve multi-criteria problems in technology. Technical goals are defined as fitness functions and the evolutionary mechanisms of selection, inheritance, reproduction and mutation are used as stochastic optimization processes. These metacognitive algorithms do not include recent insights into the micro and macro evolutionary mechanisms resulting from genomics, phylogenomics and population genomics. Like natural evolution, the architectural design process is an endless process that discovers possible solutions. However, in order to guide this wide and dynamic design space, most of the design methods in architecture are based on the typology method. Designers, based on their knowledge and understanding of the problems, usually limit the solution space to a specific, interpretive, spatial or programmatic structure that is iteratively matched to specific design requirements. The inherent limitations of typology-based methodologies exclude a wide range of effective types and better design types. On the other hand, the dynamic of biological evolution shows ways to increase the design space that continuously leads to new and unknown possibilities that are potentially in a new set of typologies that still push the limits. They fulfill Therefore, in architecture, evolutionary processes correspond more to discovery processes compared to optimization tools.

The making procedures is a neglected aspect of architectural education in many schools and curricula. To address this neglect, some architectural schools around the world use the Design-Build method in teaching architectural design. This method aims to integrate research, design and construction. The questions of the present study have been compiled after a review of the literature, identifying and studying the resources related to more than thirty Design-Build courses in architecture schools around the world. A semi-structured interview method has been used to answer the questions of this research, with sixteen interviews with academics involved in Design-Build courses around the world. The transcriptions of these interviews are than used as the basis for discussions and conclusions. Among the results are outlining the possible scope for replacing mainstream methods with this alternative, the executive structures used, such as those of financing and communication with clients, the role of legal factors, and also failures in shaping design-build projects.Considering the influence of mainstream worldwide education on Iran, the results of this research provide a framework for defining different approaches to Design-Build methods and important theoretical bases for better understanding and implementation of this method in architectural education. A deeper understanding of this field can result in more conscious uses of this educational method in Iran.

Architecture as one of the ways to create a work, while using art, is a combination of thought and technology. What sets an architectural work apart from other works is that it is more valuable than providing shelter; In other words, in addition to the functional aspect, it also expresses the characteristic of beauty and higher transcendent concepts. This type of architecture, as a valuable heritage, has the ability to remain in history and the role of technology in the production of such heritage has always been one of the influential parameters. When an architectural design is formed as a special work of art, it is affected by the technology and it has become symbolic in this state. The purpose of this study is to investigate this secondary aspect of technology and its role in the production of heritage of contemporary architecture.

The research is Combined and uses a Grounded Theory. Through descriptive-analytical methods, by examining the heritage of contemporary architecture as well as the aspects of the effects of technology and its role, the factors affecting architecture have been analyzed

Examining the identity samples of contemporary architecture as a lasting heritage with different geographical distribution shows that jointly the characteristics of form, function and beauty in the areas of formal configuration, spatial organization and facade composition can be analyzed and compared.

The nature of the architecture of funds at the intersection of art, science, technique, depending on the time and the context has been changed and the creation of a lasting architectural heritage has depended on the level of technological advancement of its time.