جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مدل مفهومی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Statement of the problem:

 Due to the importance of social sustainability in architecture schools and the lack of extensive research in this field, the present study, explaining the indicators of social sustainability of the place and expanding John Lang's approach to artificial spaces, evaluates two selected schools of architecture in Tehran.

Research question:

 What are the components of social sustainability of the place in the spaces of the Faculty of Architecture based on John Lang's conceptual model in artificial spaces?What is the quality of the social sustainability components of the place in the two target communities with a comparative approach, based on the satisfaction of scholars?

Explanation of social sustainability components of the place in the spaces of the Faculty of Architecture based on John Lang's conceptual model in artificial spaces.Evaluating the quality of the social sustainability components of the place in the physical space of the two target communities with a comparative approach, based on the satisfaction of architecture scholars

the current research, using a combined quantitative-qualitative method based on library and documentary studies, and field studies (interviews and questionnaires) in the form of a developmental-applied research to explain the components of social sustainability of the place in the space of architectural education based on the John Lang model and evaluates and compares the two target communities based on these indicators.

The findings and analysis of the data obtained from the analysis and expansion of John Lang's model show that the factors of social sustainability of the place such as design standards, legibility of space, safety and security, spatial and functional fit, flexibility of spaces, etc. cause an increase in satisfaction. scholarly and consequently increase their desire to be present in the space and maintain it.

The traffic management system is an essential urban management system that plays an important role in urban development and solving problems such as air pollution and citizens staying in traffic. The ever-increasing growth of cities and the increase in the use of private cars by citizens, and on the other hand, the lack of adequate development of the urban transportation space, highlight the importance of using an effective traffic management system. Considering the complexity of the traffic management systems in terms of the multiplicity of concepts and their specific meanings, it is necessary to provide a general and easy to understand conceptual model for urban planners to convey the required knowledge of these systems as well as to support them when making decisions about infrastructure development. Also, considering that there are different people and systems in a traffic management system, the interaction between them and the exchange of messages between them requires the same understanding of the concepts. A conceptual model is used as a dictionary for these purposes. The review of the related research shows that although some models have been presented for traffic systems, but each one has studied a specific aspect of the system and does not provide the necessary comprehensiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present an ontology including concepts in traffic management systems and the relationships between them to be used as a conceptual model. To create the ontology, first existing models are merged and aligned, and then new concepts are added to the model. Finally, highly specialized concepts have been removed from the model to maintain the model's comprehensiveness and generality. This model includes concepts related to people, objects, communication, services and infrastructure of traffic management systems. To represent the ontology, the class diagram of the UML language is used, which is a standard language for representing systems.

Sustainable architecture is a method of architecture that is responsive to environmental and spatial conditions and uses the capabilities of its surrounding environment to create favourable conditions. In recent years, social factors as a prerequisite for sustainability have attracted a lot of attention. Social sustainability in architecture is focused on the qualitative features of space and mutual relationships between human needs and living space, and it can influence people's interactions and social relationships.One of the spaces that is particularly important in terms of architectural design is the space where architecture students or future designers are trained. These academic spaces or architecture schools need special attention in terms of spatial quality characteristics to reach the necessary desirability and while providing students' satisfaction, it is socially sustainable.Research question: Investigating what the components of social sustainability are and how these features can be used to increase the spatial desirability of architecture universities are the main questions of this article.

the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the components of social sustainability in improving the quality and spatial desirability of the architecture universities, based on increasing the satisfaction of students.

In the present research, which is presented by qualitative method and content analysis, at first, different theories in the field of social sustainability are discussed based on library and documentary studies. Then the challenges of the academic spaces of architecture are explained and finally, a model is proposed to improve the quality of the educational space of architecture schools with a social sustainability approach.

The findings and analysis of the content of the research show that the quality level of spaces increases with architectural ideas such as: spatial form and geometry, suitable and readable accesses, suitable dimensions and spatial proportions, suitable quality of materials, suitable ventilation, correct lighting and et. will be effective in increasing social interactions, sense of attachment, belonging to the place, solidarity, and identity. In other words, they will lead the educational space towards sustainability.

Mental health is one of the foundations of quality of life that enables people to have meaningful lives and be creative and active citizens. On the other hand, the target of development projects with any approach are citizens, who must have a certain level of health in order to have a productive life in cities. Therefore, the health of citizens in urban development policies should not be considered as a separate goal, and the health of the city cannot be considered independent from its citizens. Urban regeneration as a comprehensive and integrated approach that targets disadvantaged areas to improve the quality of settlements, promote sustainability and solve social and economic problems. As urban regeneration policies seek to eliminate inequalities and deprivations within target areas, citizens’ health and well-being can be effected by such interventions. The present study aims to explain the relationship between sustainable urban regeneration projects and citizens’ mental health, using documentary research method. So, studies on the relationship between environmental factors, urban planning process and implementation of urban development projects and regeneration projects on the mental health of citizens have been explored with the help of meta-analysis approach and the main areas and indicators affecting this matter were identified. Based on this, it was shown that the process, product and implementation of regeneration projects can affect the mental health of citizens by changing their lifestyle and socio-economic status.

Nowadays, cities worldwide are faced with numerous problems. Due to the special role of the cities as the main locus for the development of social and wisdom contexts, they gained a central significance in the economic development of societies. Application of this theory's components and indices may help economic growth, social, cultural, and spatial flourishing of the cities. Thus, the present study is an attempt to review the theoretical literature of the "Creative City" concept to recognize its relevant components and indices. This has been undertaken through analysis of relevant literature based on meta-analysis and through a systematic framework of analysis. Through conducting searches in relevant references using keywords including "creative city", and "urban creativity", a total of 58 papers have been extracted from Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Finally, it has been turned out that there are five dimensions for a creative city including social, cultural, economic, environmental, institutional, i.e., governance and applied, and finally spatial. Besides, it has 15 components and 134 indices. Finally, the conceptual model of the creative city has been presented based on the main structures, background conditions, requirements, and implications of creative city realization. The study results suggest that planning and policymaking are among the main challenges involved in the realization of creative cities within developing countries. Moreover, the recommended strategies for the realization of creative cities include an emphasis on creative urban leadership and governance, benefiting from citizens' and creative class ideas in planning and policymaking initiatives, supporting the entrepreneurs and creative people, and finally transparency in city management.

The management of urban open spaces, due to the special attention to the living needs of people and the qualities of their living environment, requires an approach related to the concepts of intelligence. The purpose of this research paper is to identify the requirements and limitations and develop a conceptual model of intelligent management of urban open spaces in Tehran. According to the purpose of the research paper, the method of article is qualitative and based on the qualitative content analysis of the experts’ viewpoints in the field of urban management and urban planning (23 people were selected). The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling method. By coding the data, categories and concepts corresponding to the intelligent management of urban open spaces have been compiled. These concepts include infrastructure, realization platform and implementation platform. Self-realization infrastructure includes concepts such as institutional organization, needs assessment, hardware, cultural and legal infrastructure. The context of realization includes concepts such as citizen participation, power mechanisms, mutual understanding, awareness raising, conflict of interest of stakeholders, the presence of experts, economic capacity and privatization, and the context of implementation includes strengthening local community, executive constraints, building trust, feedback, intelligent management and spatial content.

Crisis and natural disasters are one of the basic fields in decision-making and public policy, which has significant connections with the planning and management system in cities. The importance of this area lies in the need to establish the stability and resilience of cities before and after the occurrence of natural disasters. Iran has always been vulnerable to crises, especially natural disasters. Phenomena such as floods and their types in cities have multiple and multifaceted unpredictable characteristics, and the optimal management patterns require specific and comprehensive analytical models in this field.Research in disasters shows that although these disasters affect all countries around the world; However, the set of natural and social risk factors in different countries depends strongly on the set of differences in the social and political systems of these nations in different. This citation shows a very prominent and very effective factor in regulating the structure and process of disaster and natural disaster management in all countries of the world called "institutions". According to this problem, the knowledge of crisis management based on the set of successful and unsuccessful practical experiences is constantly looking for the improvement of the set of theoretical and practical models effective in the efficient management of natural disasters in order to establish a faster and more favorable normal life cycle in times of crisis, especially after the occurrence of a crisis.Therefore, with the help of this critical approach and the use of the current accumulated achievements of knowledge, such as the links between planning theory and institutionalism, it is possible to expand the capacities of institutionalism in the knowledge of urban planning and aspects of crisis management and urban safety.Nowadays the institutional aspects of crisis management have gradually opened their place in the scientific and professional structure of natural disaster management; however, it lacks form comprehensive necessary guiding structures of the capacities of institutionalism in disaster and natural disaster management.Specifically, from the perspective of Iran, considering the challenges of management and policy-making in crisis and disaster management, such as the gaps in the existing crisis management laws and its noticeable weaknesses failure to consider all Hazards in disaster management and planning. Paying a lot of attention to disasters such as earthquakes and ignoring other disasters such as floods, not fully adopting an institutional approach to disaster management, lack of innovative and creative institutional structuring. It emphasizes the necessity of gradually approaching the application of new institutionalism and the connection between the dimensions of new institutionalism and the management of disasters and natural hazards, including the management of urban floods in the geography of Iran.

The approach of research is Qualitative and is based on the technique of secondary analysis of theoretically available texts in  planning, planning theory, and crisis management from the perspective of institutionalism and documentary research methods.

By integrating the capacities of neo-institutionalism in the knowledge of urbanism; presented an institutionalist conceptual model in crisis management specifically; in which the three building blocks of "institutional conceptual network", "institutional damages and pitfalls" and "institutional analytical and evaluation models" can be displayed together, the research has filled the gaps on current knowledge in this field, especially among domestic texts.

The rich theoretical capacity of disaster and natural disaster management shows the possibility of synergizing this platform with the conceptual and operational models of institutionalism and accordingly previous gaps can be solved with new readings with the help of versatile mediators such as "planning theory" and thus, the common levels of these two scientific streams could be closer to each other

First, the introduced model shows the wide capacities of institutionalism in natural disaster management, including complex disasters such as urban floods, and second, it shows the deep theoretical and practical capabilities of institutionalism in  natural disaster management, and third, the model shows the possibility of synergizing the capacities and capabilities of institutionalism in natural disaster management. Finally, it can be said the current proposed model is one models in common between institutionalism and the natural disaster management field, besides  the possibility of raising theoretical studies in crisis management; It can be oriented for applied studies in the field of disaster management like flood management in various technical, managerial and decision-making sub-fields.

By utilising biological knowledge, the application of nature strategies in the building of an architect can assist businesses and designers in moving towards a sustainable future by fostering a cohabitation and harmony between the natural and artificial environments.We need to understand the creation processes of the architect with framing inspiration from nature due to the complexity of nature's ways and the nature of its fields, despite these constructive and outstanding strategies in settling human conflict.The rich reservoir of knowledge that is nature can be used to significantly influence and nurture sustainable thinking as a way of thinking and an intellectual apparatus.Due to the breadth of biological knowledge and the complexity in understanding and employing nature's strategies as a result of knowledge developments, we necessitate a model to use in area of biological strategies. This model starts with the use of biological studies in the first step and uses an intelligent processing system on the side. The deliberate and obvious relationship between these ideas, as well as the identification and clarification of the elements of design projects, which opens up new avenues for developing new designs that are inspired by nature, are the primary issues of the research.

The current study used a combination of qualitative research methods, including field investigations, case studies as well as a descriptive-analytical approach.The order of nature-inspired design education places doing field studies by testing and utilising the studied technique first when testing research hypotheses.A total of 132 master's degree students from the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and the Tehran Science and Research Branch participated in exploration and field investigations that were conducted in two stages of pre test and test over the course of two academic years and three academic semesters. There is a review of the pre-examination results analysis and the planning and preparation for the exam in the academic year 2019-2020 in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019.

In terms of philosophy and theoretical issues, several approaches—such as Biomimicry, The Hannover Principles, and Cradle to Cradle— are considered to be design approaches that employ ecological considerations in their designs. Furthermore, there isn't agreement yet on whether these methods should be applied in conjunction with a certain design process. The primary challenge of this study is to explain how to apply natural solution methods to architectural problems and to close the gaps that have been identified. In order to achieve a balance between the natural and built environments, the research's overall goal is to present the attitude, tools, and methods for converting the architectural solutions found in nature. According to the research, the biological foundation of the architectural development process starts with the design problem-solving methodology. In addition to changing the product's quality and functionality, biological knowledge and information also affects how buildings are made. The main result is a shift in design philosophy that aims to produce harmony and balance between the natural and artificial environments, boosting output and bringing about stability rather than lessening instability.The authors recognize that there are various approaches to achieving sustainability and striking a balance between the man-built environment and nature. We must develop sustainable thinking as an intellectual tool if we intend to achieve this goal. Choosing and identifying the best design attitude (problem- or solution-based approach), picking and developing the best problem-solving techniques, and using the right tools to translate natural solutions into architectural solutions. In a model, that also illustrates the characteristics of each phase with several subsections relevant to the design process; they were able to convey the mindset, tools, and method of using nature's strategies and converting them into architectural solutions in a process with four main phases.To test the research's hypotheses to make the topics understandable and navigable, and as a result, the qualitative variables have been transformed into quantitative and measurable variables in a form that can be cited and presented in the form of a diagram among the appropriate statistical population, i.e., university students (architecture students). The researchers could divide the complicated and wide-ranging topic of the architectural design process inspired by nature into independent variables and dependent variables, explain them appropriately and then conduct a test to determine their relative importance.

The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model related to the direct impact of built environment on the depression of urban residents and its indirect impact through social interactions and the ranking of influential elements.

A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study and qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to achieve the goal of the study. The study has 3 main parts: In the first part, the concepts of research and the relationship between them have been investigated by searching the sources and and analyzing them to explain the direct and indirect effect of the built environment on depression. In the second part, using experts' questionnaire and Shannon entropy method, the significant coefficient of the elements and their ranking were determined. In the third part, the conceptual model of the study is presented based on the relationships between the concepts of the research.

Based on Shannon entropy method, Among the influential elements of the environment, green spaces and parks in residential areas have the highest significant coefficient and are ranked first in the impact on the depression of urban residents, followed by public spaces, noise pollution, environmental security and indoor environment quality, air pollution, pedestrian network, visual pollution and public transportation are among the 10 main elements. According to the conceptual model, factors affecting depression include micro scales (individual), meso scale (local community) and macro scale (fundamental) which the elements of the meso-scale environment interact with other micro- and macro-scale factors directly and indirectly affect the residents' depression.

According to the ranking of the influential elements of the environment and the high significant coefficient of green and public spaces, neighborhood green spaces and parks should be given more attention, and with the appropriate design of public spaces and suitable environments for pedestrians, create opportunities for social contact and the gathering of local residents in order to reduce the prevalence of depression in urban areas helped.

In addition to performing all its standard functions in other urban areas, an urban space in a historic district should play its role at a higher multifaceted level matching the characteristics of a historic district with established identity. Accordingly, the present work aimed to discover how the components of an urban space, on the one hand, and the constituent elements of the flow of life in a historic district, on the other, are linked and interact so as to enable reasonable management of urban space potentials in a historic district and their proper application to enhance the quality of life for the residents and users.

Theoretical Framework

The model consisted of six components defining the following factors: the environmental component, with life quality in micro‑spaces and environmental sustainability as criteria; the empirical-aesthetic component, with old-new area integration and quality of urban landscape as criteria; the functional component, with variety in environment usage, environmental liveliness and quality, safety and security, and transportation and accessibility as criteria; the socio-cultural component, with social liveliness and cohesion and maintenance of population balance as criteria; the economic component, with economic liveliness and stability and flexibility of development plans as a criterion; and the temporal component, with time management in public spaces and continuity of place as criteria.Generated based on the urban space components, the presented conceptual model offered a new approach to urban planning and management, and was concerned with all the urban regeneration measures adopted in historic districts. Functioning on local, regional, urban, and extramural scales, it can also assume applications in the quality assessment of measures adopted in public arenas within historic districts.

The above strategy will in turn keep indigenous residents in historic contexts, have immigrants to those areas return, and bring about socio-economic and environmental sustainability. Employing logical reasoning, the Delphi method, and expert opinions, this descriptive-analytical study first discussed the urban space components and their qualitative requirements. Next, the dimensions and measures of the quality of urban life were analyzed, and their factors concerning the urban space and environmental quality and topics formed on urban design, planning, and management were identified based on the theoretical views found in the literature. In the next step, the factors extracted based on the characteristic features of historic districts were monitored and reviewed. The 91 factors obtained from the Delphi method were reduced to 64 after views and comments from about forty experts in the field were applied. Finally, the results were presented as a conceptual model describing the role of urban spaces on quality‑of‑life enhancement in historic urban districts.

According to the findings, there are many physical–functional and environmental qualities in public urban spaces that can guarantee the arena’s success in provision of the residents and users of historic districts with satisfaction. However, taking notice of economic activities and social mobility in these districts is fundamental to the effectiveness of a measure adopted for enhancement of the quality of life in public arenas within historic districts. Meanwhile, a rise in the sensitivity of local communities to the values of historic districts and the potentials of public arenas for enhancement of the quality of life therein encourages them to assume an active role in the application of these arenas and the local communities’ socio-economic potentials in enhancement of the quality of public arenas. This can also enable these communities to express problems and propose solutions; in some cases, it can even lead to innovative financing ideas for project implementation. In tandem with urban planning, it ensures the sustainability of public arenas in historic districts, and improves the quality of life for their residents and users. Therefore, the issues of socio-cultural livability and dynamic economy are the cornerstones of the formation of quality spaces within historic districts, and the quality of life will not improve regardless of the triad of the environment, society, and economy.

The presented conceptual model, based on the urban space components, offers a new approach to urban planning and management, and is concerned with all the urban regeneration measures adopted in historic districts. Functioning on local, regional, urban, and extramural scales, the model can also assume applications in the quality assessment of measures implemented in public arenas within historic districts. Here is a brief description of the intervention measures adopted for these districts and their regeneration process based on the proposed model.The socio-cultural component. Contextualizing, contributing to/collaborating with, providing a process orientation for, innovating, and influencing the satisfaction of residents and users in public areas, utilizing the contribution/collaboration from the users of public arenas, delegating authority to non‑governmental organizations for utilization management, allowing for effective, constructive interaction among the organizations involved in the quality enhancement of historic districts and observing the pertinent legal frameworks, clarifying the procedures and promoting the accountability of officials, and respecting the cultural, social, and economic structures of life in the district.The empirical-aesthetic component. Integrating old and new spaces within public arenas while respecting the features of their historic districts and taking notice of the mass and space simultaneously and avoiding shell designs.The environmental component. Reducing environmental pollution and protecting energy resources and the natural heritage.The functional component. Providing a favorable impact on space liveliness and enhancing social inclusion to be able to hold various events.The economic component. Helping businesses flourish and promoting tourism.The temporal component. Taking notice of nightlife, holding seasonal, monthly, and weekly events and recognizing the sense of place and making an effort to preserve it within the environment.

Thousands of historical sites, buildings and monuments that represent the history, culture and identity of this nation need to be conserved. Today, conservation is considered to be more of an intrinsic activity based on values, and values have always been the main reason for preserving heritage. It is clear that no society will try to preserve something that is not valuable to them. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and classify values before any inspection, diagnosis, and determine the degree of interventions in the conservation process. In all scientific researches about architectural heritage, the sustainability of the conservation process has been limitedly analyzed. Therefore, it is not possible to gain a clear understanding of the architectural sustainability involved in the conservation process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the sustainable (physical-semantic) protection of architectural heritage in order to explain the model taken by experts. The research method in this article is qualitative-quantitative; So that after identifying the physical and semantic values of architectural heritage, by examining the literature and in consultation with experts, by linear regression test, the effect of the main and sub-main components of semantic conservation on the variance of physical conservation has been determined. Then, to explain the relationship between semantic and physical conservation and related subcomponents, the Pearson correlation test is used and the final model has been presented. The reliability of the test was confirmed based on Cronbach’s alpha technique and content validity based on the experts’ opinion. According to the obtained model, it can be concluded that the conservation of the authentic architectural heritage is possible only with the continuous interaction of physical and semantic conservation with their relevant sub-components simultaneously. Also, the main subcomponents in the physical conservation of historical buildings include elements of materials, ornamentation, structural system, façade, geometry and in the semantic conservation are cultural, identity, economic, integrity, historical, aesthetic, social, and authenticity values.

The border areas are the most deprived ones due to their remoteness from the capital and marginality. Therefore, border development is essential. This development can be realized through establishment of custom and border marketplaces, which will provide convenient shopping and leisure facilities, along with other infrastructures for importing and exporting goods, as well as entrance and departure of passengers. The goal of the present study was to develop a conceptual model for designing customs and border marketplaces.

Participants & Methods:

This qualitative study has been conducted in two steps. In the first step, the design qualities of border marketplaces were extracted based on theoretical literature and were evaluated by a semi-structured interview with 10 participants by using snowball methods. In the next step, the theoretical model was developed by a questionnaire, based on the principles of the Delphi method with the help of 10 experts in the field of design sciences.

The results indicate that some approaches such as urban tourism, passive defense, city branding, and urban design are effective in developing the border areas.

A conceptual model including economic, social, legal and physical dimensions with an emphasize on some principles such as passive defense, accessibility, variety, inclusiveness, vitality, infrastructures, legibility, identity and local architecture, context-museum, sustainability, visual character, continuity and coherence, compatibility with nature and environmental cleanliness, can be used by urban planners and designers in the development of border areas.

Landscape as natural or artificial environment that understood by human and other creatures and has been a channel for relationship between environment and its residents. But this is not successful in recognition as a whole and there is not a comprehensive result in concluding under an integrated concept due to its holistic conceptual basis on one hand and partial attitude of new sciences on the other hand The recognition of a subject as an independent entity in audience mind and understand of relationships between aspects, dimensions and elements within it and its external links, is named integrity idea. Thus, here we have two categories; first environment that perceived by audience (holistic or partial) as landscape and second is the theme of integrity that wants to give it a unity and present it as a whole. Specialties and sciences that can study environment, each by a way, consider it as an integrated entity and it is possible that ignore other dimensions or consider them as a mental or intangible subjects. Targeting unification to specialized looks in landscape, this research, initially, wanted to determine which aspects of integration will be most noticeable in each of the specializations related to the subject matter. The way this study has chosen to answer this question- instead of referring to specialty fields- is searching the conceptual components of landscape and integrity and then sorting scientific specialty by them. The background research of this article, after a history of definitions and conceptual space in each of the two main themes (Landscape and Integrity), their components has been reviewed from expert point of view and matched them in a table based on the most complete classification. Then, six words (3 word for landscape and 3 word for integrity) were selected from the most perfect classification and was reviewed again with an exploratory approach in relationships between their concepts and meanings. Firstly, three aspects of integration (Image, structure and function) was placed in three aspects of landscape (forms, processes and relationships). With the following composition: Image between forms and relationships, function between relationships and processes, and finally structure between forms and processes. Together, these six words organized a circle of key concepts and components. In this circle- that we can present it on a hexagon- each of the landscape components was confronted with one of the components of integration. In continue, interconnected relationships between integrity and landscape aspects, lead to a three-dimensional conceptual model. This model, not only highlights involved specialty positions and shows that each specialty can search what aspects of the model, but also its geometric formats offers the especial strategy for finding variables to documentation of integration components in landscapes. The basic idea of this article was presenting a model that helps landscape theorists for using the main disciplines related to this category. But what the conceptual model of this paper explains with its geometric metaphors is that basically the integrity of a landscape is conditional on the proportion of cognition derived from each dimension to that of other dimensions. The researcher for measuring landscape integrity, must define variables that can measure the proportion between the three main aspects of the subject (image, structure and function).

With the development of the systemic approach in urban planning that attempted to identify various activities that determine the nature of the human environment and the relationships between them, various techniques have been developed, one of the most important of which is the models. In fact, a models is a simple reformation of reality which reduces the apparent complexity of the real world and transforms it into an understandable form. Therefore, conceptual and perceptual models are used to understand, interpret, and reform the facts in everyday lives. With regard to the complexities of urban issues, the possibility of exploiting from past teachings and experiences in the renovation of distressed urban textures, especially the conceptual model, that is derived from a domestic theory and is compatible with the circumstances in our country is being felt even more than before.
As a domestic theory, "The theory of balanced renovation in distressed urban fabrics", which has been proposed with emphasis on producing an innovative pattern in response to today’s needs for the renovation of these urban fabrics in Iran, has presented its conceptual model as a practical model in order to objectify and substantiate the principals of this theory. As a balance-based management, the balanced renovation conceptual model tries to guide towards bringing back the balance and to prevent deviating or getting out of balance in the renovation system of textures, areas and target districts.
The method of this research, with emphasis on the scientific research method, is to achieve the goal of balance while studying, recognizing and identifying the components that affect it. This is done by exploratory factor analysis and by identifying the factors affecting the nine networks and using successive dichotomies. The use of hierarchical cluster structure, in total, shapes a texture or neighborhood renovating system which is considered as a system derived from the general system of the city. The applicable-functional model is a two-dimensional model including index elements and model components, balance coefficients, deviation from balance, balance equation, and finally triple applications

Municipalities play a crucial role in achieving strategic goals at the local levels. As a matter of fact one of their most important duties is to plan and implement urban programs and projects. Generally, it can be seen that the lack of integration management in projects leads to some problems such as overlapping of the projects, different conflicts, reselecting similar projects to the former unsuccessful ones, extending activity domain unconsciously, selecting further projects that cannot be afforded And etc. Portfolio management as a new approach, offers new opportunity to manage programs, projects and operations concentrated and integrally, for reaching strategic goals. Selecting and prioritizing are two main steps in portfolio projects management process. The goal of this research is to identify indexes and sub-indexes in urban projects in order to select and prioritize Tehran municipality’s urban projects through presenting a conceptual model and offers an optimum projects portfolio.
This study, is practical in term of the goal, and descriptive - survey in terms of data collection. Reviewing documents, interview and questionnaire can be named as its data collection tool. We use snowball method in order to determine the sampling society. Targeted sampling were done in the questionnaire step and 30 experts and senior managers of municipalities were chosen to respond to the questionnaire. In order to analyze the interviews, we used coding method and non-parametric statistical method for questioner analysis. To analyze the questionnaires we used non parametric statistical methods. In order to prove the questioners reliability, Cronbach's alpha method were used.
According to the results we could categorize indexes into eight groups which include technical, risk, financial, economic, social-cultural, environmental, organizational-political and competitiveness. Moreover we found 39 sub-indexes. Meanwhile technical, finance, social indexes are playing a crucial role in this research because they support 26 sub-indexes. Also, we suggest a conceptual model for Tehran portfolio project management which can optimize urban portfolio projects by 3 filters such as obligatory indexes, selecting indexes and prioritizing indexes. That obligatory index includes 1-support plans and visions 2-support city council policies and budget programs 3-cheacked other organizations projects in order to avoid redundant projects 4- endorse mega projects by urbanism and transportation division 5- the projects that should be supported by initial condition such as location, technical, cultural, social, passive defense, environmental and economic factors 6- technical report details.
Second filter includes 31 sub-indexes but the most important sub-index induces 1-aligning with people needs and wills 2-protecting environment 3-cost of the project 4-facilitating financial project 5-mental and physical citizen health impact 6- spatial justice and distribution of projects location 7-expert experience, knowledge and skills in organization 8- up taking investment and creating employment 9- functional scale of project
In the last filter, we found 34 sub-indexes among current and new project. we considered: 1- The required credit for project’s completion 2- aligning with citizens’ needs and wills 3- facilitating financial project 4-percetage of progress 5-risk (technical risk, management risk, legal risk, financial risk, external environment risk.

The historical urban tissues are the rich sources of social culture history; so need to be revitalized because of "obsolescence" process during the ages and it is quiet natural. Rather than the characteristics of the historical tissue must be updated to meet the contemporary human needs by "integrated revitalization". This method known as a staged process which followed planned mechanism. Beside of all of this integrated revitalization based on maintaining natural capital for present and future generation which is known as "Sustainability". The main aim of this paper is to propose a model for integrating the two concept of sustainability and revitalization of historic urban quarters and to indicate an appropriate strategy for their revitalization. Based on this aim, this study use analytical-descriptive method according to documents and theoretical framework. So this study is based on several stages: first presents the theoretical review on the concept of "revitalization", and its relationship with sustainability; next, it introduces the characteristics, role, selection process and scaling method of sustainability in compare with revitalization. The paper then, as the main contribution of this paper, proposes the model for measuring the level of sustainability in historic urban quarters and determines some proposals to achieve revitalized and sustainable historic urban quarters. Therefore, when the level of sustainability is high in any one of these three structures, it means that the level of obsolescence is low in the same structures of an historic urban quarter. The result of this paper leads us to say that, the level of sustainability is a new (additional) input in the strategic planning process of revitalization and sustainable urban revitalization of historic urban quarters. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief summary on the general arguments of the paper. As aforementioned, there are three strategic approaches in the revitalization process. Accordingly, there will be three proposals according to the level and types of obsolescence, sustainability and development dynamics in order to achieve more sustainable historic urban quarters. The first strategic approach is determined by whether the area has a high resource value with physical obsolescence, high development dynamics and a high sustainability level. The possibility of high development dynamics, which are accepted as an historic urban quarter is still an attractive proposition for its current use and/or for alternative uses. In respect of these results, an historic urban quarter, where physical obsolescence and high development dynamics is present, it is necessary to implement physical revitalization as a short-term strategy and functional regeneration as a long-term strategy. In the second proposal, the strategic approach is applied when an historic urban quarter has only a partially sustainable position due to the presence of physical and functional obsolescence in the physical structures and problems in the socio-economic structure. If an historic urban quarter has physical and functional obsolescence, the development dynamics are in a static state. According to these results, the proposal should be to implement physical revitalization as a short-term strategy and functional diversification as a long-term economic revitalization strategy to increase the attractiveness and sustainability level of historic urban quarters. The third proposal is applied when an historic urban quarter is in an unsustainable condition and demonstrates a high degree of physical, functional and locational obsolescence. If an historic urban quarter has these three types of obsolescence, the development dynamics are in a declining and/or deteriorating state.

Support spaces in shopping centers (playgrounds, food court and the like) were first created to serve the booming of the business in such centers. But, they gradually were turned to direct destinations for human activities meaning that the visitors, having no intention to buy, spend some of their leisure time in these shopping centers for such purposes as amusement and social interaction and so on and, in fact, a sort of novel public space is formed in the business centers. It seems that the main reason why these places have been transformed is their livability. Thus, the present study’s primary hypothesis is that “the newly-formed public support spaces are lively and this livability causes functional shifting of these spaces from dependency on active spaces to semi-public urban spaces”. The present study aims to identify, within the format of a conceptual model, the factors contributing to livability in the support spaces of the business centers. The present study is a qualitative survey and, in line with this, after performing documentary research and reviewing the relevant experiences, the related concepts were, in the first step, extracted in the form of livability aspects and variables; then, in a second step, in the survey study stage, five commercial blocks, as examples of more successful complexes in terms of livability and attraction of the visitors, not business clients, to spend their leisure time in their support spaces were selected according to the geographical scattering diversity in Tehran. Next, observations and deep interviews were carried out for each of the case samples to extract the aforementioned variables giving rise to support spaces’ livability. The results of the study indicated that there are two major branches for the livability of the support urban spaces in the modern commercial buildings: convenience and semi-public nature of them. Thus, the collection of the effective indicators was offered within the format of a conceptual model to assess livability of the modern commercial blocks’ support spaces. The study hypothesis was approved according to a qualitative analysis undertaken in the survey research based on the functional independence of such spaces in modern commercial buildings. Finally, the questions raised herein were answered and suggestions were made regarding the methods of enhancing livability of the support spaces in such public spaces.

‘Tourist destination image’ is among the most significant concepts in knowing the perceptions and behaviors of visitors. The objective of this study is to explore the Iranian tourists’ image of Isfahan’s urban spaces by way of a conceptual model. The study follows a qualitative approach using grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 30 Iranian visitors of Isfahan, 24 of which were tourists and six of which were tourist guides. The data were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s approach. Data analysis revealed five categories including search for meaning, sensory-physical dimension, hosting community, discovery of space, and contextual factors. A conceptual model was then developed to explain the inter-relationships of these categories. The results of this study can help urban designers and tourism experts to understand the needs and perceptions of visitors of urban spaces.