جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آدیپوکاین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This review aims to investigate and analyze recent studies related to the effects of various exercise training on adipokines secreted from adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Search in Persian and Latin databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID with the keywords aerobic exercise, resistance training, High-intensity interval training, diabetes, Adipokine, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin, resistance training, intense interval training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise, adipokine, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were performed to retrieve articles published in the period from 2010 to 2023.

The results obtained from the study showed that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity (60 to 80%) reduces the leptin levels of diabetic patients, however, the effect of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) is much greater than other types of exercises. In addition, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50 to 70%) lead to an increase in adiponectin levels in diabetic patients, however, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had a greater effect in increasing adiponectin levels than other exercises. Also, studies showed that all three types of activities, aerobic exercise (50-70% intensity), intense intermittent exercise, and resistance exercise (30-70% 1RM) have the same effects in reducing the resistance levels of diabetic patients.

Aerobic exercises with medium and high intensity and especially combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) while improving adipokines, decreasing leptin and resistin levels, and also increasing adiponectin in diabetic patients.

Adipokine apelin is involved in energy metabolism and the pathogenesis of diabetes. Apelin can have anti-type 2 diabetes activity and be effective in reducing insulin resistance as an insulin-sensitizing agent. Also, reviewing the effects of different types of exercise on apelin can answer many questions about exercise-induced apelin, and identify the therapeutic role of exercise on apelin and diabetes. Therefore, in the present review article, the effect of chronic and acute exercise on apelin in type 2 diabetes, and the mechanisms of the effect of exercise on apelin and insulin sensitivity are presented.

Few studies have evaluated the effect of acute exercise on apelin in type 2 diabetes, and most of the studies on the effect of chronic exercise have been of the aerobic type, with contradictory results (the increase and decrease of the apelin) reported. Also, it seems that exercise, independently of body weight changes by improving insulin sensitivity can affect adipose tissue and circulating apelin, and thus reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, apelin and exercise as insulin-sensitizing agents can increase energy metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity by similar mechanisms.

Exercise-induced apelin can be a promising therapeutic strategy and target for type 2 diabetes. However, further studies are needed to determine how different types of exercise affect apelin, as well as the exact association of exercise-induced apelin with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and related mechanisms.

The goal of the study was to investigate the effect of 5 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of resistin and adiponectin and liver enzymes in Wistar rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

To do this basic research, 24 Wistar male rats were purchased and transferred to Baqiyatallah University then, they were allocated randomly into three groups: Control group (CG, n=8), induced fatty liver diseases group (FG, n=8), and induced fatty liver diseases+exercise group (FEG, n=10). The present study was conducted in July and August of 2019. To induce fatty liver disease, 140 mg per kg of bodyweight oral tetracycline drug was administered to rats by gavage for seven days. Fatty liver (steatosis) was confirmed by measuring liver enzymes. The training group performed HIIT for five weeks and five days per week. First, the maximum aerobic test (MAT) was performed, and based on data of this test; the HIIT protocol was conducted as 5×2 min-intervals with (50-120% Mat) and with 1 min recovery (30-50% MAT). Blood and tissue sampling were taken 48 hours after the last training session. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, and serum samples were frozen at -20 degrees. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze data.

Following performing HIIT, serum levels of adiponectin and resistin in the FEG compared to FG increased and decreased significantly, respectively (P=0.001). In addition, the FEG experienced a significant decrease in serum levels of AST and ALT enzymes. The aerobic capacity of the rats in the HIIT group increased significantly compared to the other two groups.

By modulating body fat levels and the secretion of adipokines such as adiponectin and resistin, HIIT was involved in improving the condition of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction Adiponectin, the most abundant circulating peptide secreted by adipocytes, regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation. In contrast to the initial dogma that adipose tissue is the only source of adiponectin secretion, it has recently been demonstrated that skeletal muscle can also produce and secrete it. Hence, the identification of skeletal muscle as a source of adiponectin expression has attracted the interest of many researchers to explore its role as a circulating adipokine, as well as a myokine, with autocrine/paracrine properties. Numerous animal studies have described adiponectin as a salutary cytokine because of insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and anti-cancer properties. Paradoxically, other evidence suggests that elevated adiponectin levels can be associated with the induction or existence of some pathologies. However, underlying mechanisms involved in this paradox are not well-understood. On the other hand, many studies have shown the beneficial effects of long-term exercise on increased adiponectin levels, regardless of exercise protocol and status of participants. However, even approximately 25 years after the discovery of adiponectin, its properties and related mechanisms responsible for its high circulating levels, as well as how it affects various tissues and organs, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize and discuss the literature available to date regarding the introduction of adiponectin, its receptors, and signaling pathways in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, along with its changes in disease and exercise conditions.

Today, deep frying is a common cooking method in which fat is used as a heattransfer medium, during which foods with unique properties in terms of taste, texture andappearance are produced. Deep heated oils produce toxins that endanger people's health. Thepurpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Octopamineon some antioxidants indices and Adiponectin in rats fed with deeply heated oils. 40 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into controlpoisoning(CP; n=8), Training-Poisoning (TP; n=8), Supplement-Poisoning (SP; n= 8),Supplement-Training-Toxicity (STT; n=8) and healthy-control group (HC; n=8) wereincluded, and they were fed for four weeks. The training program lasted for four weeks withan average intensity of 50-65% vo2max daily for 20 minutes. Octopamine was used as asupplement for 4 weeks and 5 days a week using itraperitoneal injection of 81 μmol / kg.Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Adiponectin(ADIPOQ) concentration were measured in the plasma. The results showed that the SOD activity, TAC, and ADIPOQ concentration wereincreased in the TP, STT, and SP than CP (p≥0.001). However, there is no significantdifference between TP, STT, and SP in the mentioned variables (p=0.05). It might be concluded that exercise training or taking octopamine alone to havethe health benefits of both, and in terms of cost, each seems to be more cost-effective thancombining both.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is accompanied by inflammation and production of soluble inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of CCL18 and CCL5 levels with those of resistin, adipsin, adiponectin and leptin adipokines in the sera of patients after MI.

The correlations between levels of chemokines and adipokines were investigated in 36 patients in a 6-month follow-up after MI. For each patient, the measurements were done in 3 time points T0 (first 12 hrs), T5 (fifth day of admission) and T180 (after 6 months). The clinical and demographical criteria of patients at the time of admission were also recorded.

The serum levels of CCL18 at T0 were significantly correlated with resistin levels at T180. Therefore, higher CCL18 levels at T0 were associated with higher resistin levels at T180 (r=0.413, P=0.017). Moreover, serum levels of CCL18 at T180 were significantly correlated with adipsin levels at T5. Therefore, higher adipsin levels at T5 were associated with higher CCL18 levels at T180 (r=0.213, P=0.001).
Multivariate logistic regression showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction at T0 correlated with the covariant effect of adipsin T5 and CCL18 at T180 (P=0.029).

This study showed the correlation between CCL18 and resistin levels and the effect of CCL18 on the long term production of resistin in the body. With the notion that worse prognosis is associated with higher long-term CCL18; it is possible to take advantage of the correlation between adipsin on day 5 and the increase in CCL18 as prognostic biomarkers on the first days after MI.

Vaspin and Omentin are adipokines and seem to be related to metabolic risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of continuous endurance training (CET), circuit resistance training (CRT), and high intensity interval training (HIT) on plasma levels of Omentin and Vaspin in obese young men.

A total of 44 obese young men voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly divided into continuous endurance training (CET; n=11), circuit resistance training (CRT; n=11), high intensity interval training (HIT; n=11), and Control (Con; n=11) groups. CET was done with 70% VO2max. Also, HIT was performed with six three-minute sets of running at 90% of VO2max, while CRT was done at 11 stations with 20% 1RM, three times a week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after training protocols and Omentin-1 and Vaspin were measured in the plasma. To compare between-group data, two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and Bonferron's post hoc test were run.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between CET, HIT, and CRT in the Omentin-1 and Vaspin after training (p˃0.05). However, Omentin-1 increased significantly in the CRT (p=0.002) and HIT (p=0.011) compared with the controls. Also, Vaspin significantly decreased in the CRT compared with that in the control group (p=0.029).   

Finally, it can be stated that none of the continuous endurance, circuit resistance, and high intensity interval trainings is preferable to improve Vaspin and Omentin-1 although they can improve hormone levels after 12 weeks of exercise training.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 5- 10% of thyroid malignancies. The origin of medullary thyroid cancer is para-follicular cells of the thyroid. Several studies showed that relationship between adipokines and cancers. Omentin is an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of omentin in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. In this case-control study, 90 individuals were studied (45 cases and 45 controls). Omentin plasma levels of these individuals were measured by ELISA method. In general, plasma levels of omnentin in all patients with MTC was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.002). Omentin plasma levels in both women and men with MTC were ignificantly higher than the corresponding control group (P = 0.0371, and P = 0.0240, respectively). The results of this study showed that plasma levels omentin in patients with MTV were higher than the healthy group. Thus omentin may be considered as a novel and promising biomarker for diagnosis or confirmation of MTC.

Introdution: Adipokines play various biological roles, which are related to the following items, including body mass index changes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1 and apelin on overweight female Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, 16 obese rats were randomly divided into two groups: 8 rats in the control group and 8 rats in the experimental group. For eight weeks, the experimental group did HIIT exercises based on an exercise program five days a week, while the control group had no training program. After eight weeks, an independent t-test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between chemerin serum levels in rats that had undergone an intensive exercise program as compared to the control group (p=0.079). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between serum levels of omentin-1 (P = 0.034) and apelin (P = 0.044). According to the results of the present study as well as the importance in adipokine level changes, it seems that HIIT exercise can be an important and useful factor for regulation of adipose tissue hormones (adipokines), and healthy and sick individuals can do this kind of activity according to their ability

The adipokines omentin-1, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) are mediators of body composition and adipose tissue that contribute to metabolic changes caused by obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum levels of these adipokines with body composition indices and metabolic status in different phenotypes of body size.
In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 350 women, including 127 metabolically healthy (MH) subjects and 223 metabolically unhealthy (MUH) subjects participated. The subjects were considered as MH in the presence of at least 4 of the five following metabolic indices: TG ≤ 1.70 mmol/L, LDL-C≤ 2.60 mmol /L, TC≤ 5.20 mmol /L, HDL-C≥1.30, and HOMA-IR≤ 1.95; otherwise subjects were considered as MUH.
The results showed that serum levels of omentin-1 have a significant positive association with MHS (OR = 1.04, p Serum levels of adipokines may be an appropriate predictor for metabolically healthy status. Further studies in this field can reveal possible mechanisms.

Adipose tissue controls the regulation of metabolic responses through semi hormone secretions, specifically adipokines. Fat control can prevent the relevant diseases.This study aimed to examine the effect of interval training with curcumin consumption on some adipokines in menopausal obese rats.
In this experimental study, 28 Wistar menopausal fat rats aged 24months were randomly divided into four groups: control, supplement, training, and training supplement.Training program was planned for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Each session consisted of 10 activity sets in one minute with the intensity of 50% and 2 minutes rest between the sets. In the first week, subjects started with 14 meters per minute and increased their speed to 28 meters per minute till the eighth week. In the supplement groups, 30 milligrams curcumin solution per kilogram of body weight were injected 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken after the last training session and the levels of adiponectin, chemerin, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.
In the experimental groups, adiponectin concentration increased (P=0.015) and chemerin concentration (P=0.020) and insulin resistance index decreased (P=0.008). There was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and chemerin in the training group (P=0.030, r=-0.803).
It seems that the interval training with curcumin consumption affects serum adiponectin chemerin and insulin resistance index and in this way can play a major role in reducing the inflammatory responses caused by overweight and obesity.

Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2)..In this study we compare serum nesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats.
18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group1: control, Group2: diabetic type 1, Group3: diabetic type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). FBG (fasting blood glucose), insulin, nesfatin-1were measured in all groups after 6 weeks.
nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats to the control. It’s level in serum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weight were reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and was lower significantly in type 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. . FBG were increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and it was higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly. (P Nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higher than type 1 maybe because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats.

Diabetes is associated with many metabolic disorders such as changes in adipokines (e.g. vaspin). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic interval training on serum levels of vaspin in women with type 2 diabetes.
In this quasi-experimental study the women with a history of type 2 diabetes (n=18) were randomly selected and divided into two Experimental (n=9) and Control (n=9) groups. Training protocol was an eight-week exercise, 3 times per week. Using ELISA serum vaspin concentrations were measured 48 hours before and after the training protocol. Data analysis were done using dependent and independent t-tests.
Results showed no significant difference in vaspin serum after 8 weeks of aerobic interval training compared to Control group. Insulin resistance, weight and BMI were significantly decreased after training compared to the Control group (P According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that 8 weeks of aerobic interval training had no effect on vaspin level in diabetic patients. Considering the results of this study and the importance of changes in the vaspin level, it seems that for taking effective results aerobic interval training should be down for a longer time.

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death and the most common solid malignancy in women worldwide. Chemerin as a new adipokine has an inflammatory activity that initiates inflammation via chemotaxis of immature DCs and macrophages. This study aimed to evaluate the level of chemerin in patients with breast cancer.
In this cross-sectional study that was performed as a case-control study, we enrolled 45 patients with breast cancer in Vali-asr hospital from June to December 2015 (age range, 18-60 years) and 40 healthy volunteers as a control group (age range, 22-56 years). The patients with invasive breast were selected before mastectomy. The level of serum chemerin was measured by ELISA kit.
The results showed that the mean serum chemerin level in the breast cancer patients (1536 ±608 ng/L) was significantly lower than the normal individuals (1919±544 ng/L),(p=0.04). There is no correlation between the level of chemerin with body weight, stage of disease, duration of disease and the number of white and red blood cells.
With due attention to the inflammatory role of chemerin, decreasing the serum chemerin level in patients with breast cancer may be related to the consumption of chemerin in the inflammatory responses or immunosuppression by tumor. The low level of chemrerin may be suitable for tumor growth and progression.

Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuce aerobic training on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men.
Material and This study was quasi-experimental and applied. In this experimental study, twenty four diabetic men of ahwas were chosen method and randomly divided into training (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Anthropometric measures, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured by using a modified Bruce continuce aerobic exercise training was performed during 8 week (3 session per week, 20-45 min per sission, 40%- 70% HRmax). Before, and 48 hours after the last training session, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Data analyse was used by T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and the significant level of p˂0/05 was considered.
There was a statisticaly significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with pretest and control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks aerobic training was found.
It seems that low to moderate intensity continuce areobic exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin in type 2 diabetic men. IT may be a continuce aerobic training is effective to improve insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.

The physiological role of apelin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes has been identified. The aim of this study was to determine t he correlation of plasma level s of apelin-13 with insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and plasma leptin of diabetic male rats after 8-week aerobic exercise. Peresent study was an experimental study with animal model. Twenty eight diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Non-diabetic (n=9), control diabetic (n=9) and trained diabetic (n=10). Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. The trained diabetic rat ran 8-week on treadmill progressively. After the training period, plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and apelin-13 were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation were used for analyzing data. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A significant decrease in plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin and HOMA-IR in trained diabetic vs control diabetic rats, a significant increase in plasma levels of apelin in trained diabetic vs non-diabetic and control diabetic rats and a significant negative correlation of plasma levels of apelin with HOMA-IR and plasma leptin in trained diabetic rats was observed. In present study, 8-week aerobic training by improvement of insulin sensitivity (decrease of HOMA-IR and plasma leptin) increased plasma levels of apelin-13 in diabetic male rats.

Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. However, the effect of exercise training on apelin level in diabetic status is not khown, yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. In this randomized experimental study, twenty diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into training and control group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Four weeks after the development of diabetes, the training group ran 6-week on treadmill. After the training, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. There was a statisticaly significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 6 weeks aerobic training was found. It seems that 6-week aerobic training by changes in plasma concentration of apelin, glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR can be effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes in rats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of endurance training accompanied by fasting and a period of detraining on serum leptin and fructosamine in overweight men. Twenty-one healthy male subjects (Mean±SD; age 25. 2±3. 7 years; weight 78. 3±12. 7 kg; BMI 26. 1±3. 7) voluntarily participated in the study and were divided into the fasting (F) and endurance training+ fasting (F+ET) groups. The F+ET group performed a training program on treadmills for four weeks، 3 times per week during Ramadan. The energy expenditure in each exercise session during at the first week of Ramadan was 500 Kcal and increased to 800 Kcal per session by the last week of Ramadan. At the end of Ramadan، the F+ET group stopped training and fasting and underwent 2 weeks of detraining، and the F group returned to a normal diet during this period. Anthropometric characteristics were measured and three blood samples were taken before، at the end of Ramadan and after detraining. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures of ANOVA with a between group factor. The between-group comparison showed that changes in serum leptin and fructosamine were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0. 05). Furthermore، serum leptin and fructosamine levels did not change (within-group comparison) in the F and F+ET groups (p>0. 05). Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that compared to fasting per se، combining endurance training and fasting do not induce more changes in leptin and fructoseamine.