بیماری قلبی- عروقی

Medication adherence remains a significant challenge for individuals with chronic illnesses, particularly those suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Despite various nursing strategies, optimal solutions to this issue have yet to be achieved.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the liaison nurse’s role on improving medication adherence among cardiovascular patients presenting to the emergency department of a selected Aja hospital in Tehran.

This experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design in 2023. The participants were cardiovascular patients visiting the emergency department of the selected Aja hospital between November and February 2023. Thirty-six patients were purposively selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received routine care alongside training and support from a liaison nurse via telephone, while the control group only received routine care. Two weeks after the intervention, medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19, with a significance level of less than 0.05.

Baseline demographic characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). However, two weeks after the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater medication adherence )mean score: 6.38±0.91 (compared to the control group) mean score: 4.39±1.64; P>0.001).

The findings underscore the effectiveness of the liaison nurse’s role in enhancing medication adherence among cardiac patients in the emergency department. It is recommended that nursing administrators and healthcare policymakers consider integrating the liaison nurse model into routine hospital care to support patients and improve outcomes.

Cardiovascular diseases are common health problems in women. Evidence shows that serum prolactin levels can be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between prolactin levels and cardiovascular diseases in women.

In this population-based study, eligible women were chosen from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Cox model was used to evaluate the relationship between prolactin levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A total of 1279 women participated in this study. There was no significant difference in the prolactin levels between the two groups with and without cardiovascular diseases (p=0.98). Age (affected group: 36.97±7.24 years Vs. non-affected group: 31.68±7.26 years; p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (affected group: 28.07±4.52 kg/m2 Vs. non-affected group: 26.01±4.46 kg/m2; p<0.001) was significantly higher in the affected group than the non-affected group. Prolactin was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the whole population and in the menopausal and non-menopausal groups. There was no association in unadjusted model. However, in the adjusted model, the risk of cardiovascular diseases increased by 7% and 12% for each unit of increase in age and BMI, respectively. Moreover, in postmenopausal women, the risk increased by 10 and 11% for each unit of increase in age and BMI, respectively. Also, the number of births increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 25% in the whole population and by 79% in women of reproductive age.

The results of this study did not show a statistically significant association between the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the serum prolactin levels in women.

Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, especially in Asian countries. There is a common belief about the effects of green tea, including its impact on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

In this review study, we selected systematic articles and meta-analyses for their comprehensive nature. Systematic articles and meta-analyses conducted in PubMed and Medline databases with keywords cardiopulmonary, green tea, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and pulmonary disease from 2017 to 2024 were evaluated. In the end, nine articles were included in this study in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

These studies have shown that green tea has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral properties that can effectively prevent many diseases.

Consuming green tea as a healthy and beneficial drink can help maintain the health of the cardiovascular system and strengthen the respiratory system.

 Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death in the world. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases with older age. Using cardiac exercise training to rehabilitate the heart after heart disease creates functional and structural adaptations in the patient’s cardiovascular system, reducing mortality from related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two aerobic and combined exercise training methods on heart function capacity in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. 

In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 68 middle-aged male patients (Mean±SD age: 56.19±1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. The subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: Aerobic (n=20), combined exercise training (aerobic+resistance) (n=20), and control (n=28). The subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week. Each training session in the aerobic and combined groups was performed for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% of one repetition maximum for each patient. Levene’s test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Bonferroni statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data at the significance level of P≤0.05.

The one-way MANOVA test showed that functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, the Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction, and maximal oxygen consumption at post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (P>0.05).

 The findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and these improvement levels appear to be independent of the types of training.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with underlying disorders such as diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, high cardiac expression of fetal genes, excessive protein synthesis, and interstitial fibrosis, leading to contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Various mediators, such as cytokines, adhesion molecules, cytoskeleton proteins, adrenergic system activity, natriuretic peptides, changes in energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, are involved in the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Regarding the clinical importance of cardiac hypertrophy, the development of animal models may culminate in progress in finding novel therapeutic methods for improving heart failure and reducing cardiac disorders. Diabetic models with cardiac hypertrophy can be induced by high-fat/high-sugar diets, toxins such as streptozotocin, and genetic manipulation through induced mutation of leptin or leptin receptor genes. Diet-induced and mutation-induced diabetic models are more likely to show cardiac hypertrophy, while diet-induced diabetic models are particularly suitable for research on lifestyle-related diabetes in humans. Nevertheless, the findings obtained from animal models evaluating diabetic-induced hypertrophy in humans have limitations that require further research to develop new animal models.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality globally, with a significant prevalence in developing countries and the Middle East. Dietary patterns play a crucial role in the prevention and management of CVD. This narrative review focuses on the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and its impact on cardiovascular health.

A comprehensive review of literature published between 2021 and 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Key terms included "heart disease," "CVD," "MIND diet," and "Mediterranean-DASH diet for Neurodegenerative Delay." Studies addressing the effect of the MIND diet on CVD, comprising cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies, were included.

The MIND diet, rich in plant-based foods, unsaturated fats from olive oil, and low in red meat and dairy, shows a significant inverse relationship with CVD risk factors. Specific components like whole grains, legumes, berries, and nuts were associated with reduced body weight, lower CRP levels, and improved cardiovascular markers. Contrasting results in some studies highlight the complexity of dietary influences on heart health.

The MIND diet presents a viable dietary strategy for reducing cardiovascular risks, with implications for clinical practice and public health policy. However, future research, particularly randomized controlled trials, must establish causality and further explore the diet's efficacy across diverse populations.

The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being based on executive functions with the mediation of adjustment to the disease in cardiovascular patients.

The current research method was descriptive and correlational. Three hundred cardiovascular patients referring to Shahid Dr. Qolipour Medical Center in Bukan city were selected by purposive sampling and included in the study. To collect the data, deficits in executive functioning scale, psychosocial adjustment to illness scale, and scales of psychological well-being were used.

According to the results, in cardiovascular patients, psychological well-being had a negative relationship with deficits in executive functions and had a significant positive relationship with adaptation to the disease (P<0.01). The mediator role model of adjustment to the disease in the relationship between executive functions and psychological health in cardiovascular patients had a good fit, and the indirect effect of executive functions on psychological well-being was statistically significant at the 0.01 level.

  In general, it can be concluded that adjustment to the disease has a mediating role in the relationship between executive functions and psychological well-being in cardiovascular patients so that executive functions can predict the level of psychological well-being in cardiovascular patients through the effect on the process of adjustment to the disease.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of emotion-focused couple therapy on marital life quality, covert relational aggression and psychological health of couples with cardiovascular disease.

Patients with cardiovascular disease face many problems in their marital life and psychological health, and the use of couple therapy methods is necessary to improve them.

This study was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. The study population was patients with cardiovascular disease (including hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, infarction, angina pectoris and constrictive pericarditis) referred to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz city, Iran in 2023. The sample size for each group was considered to be 13 couples, and these couples were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes duration (two sessions per week) in the form of emotion-focused couple therapy and during this time, the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected with the scales marital life quality (Zhang et al., 2013), covert relational aggression (Nelsno & Carroll, 2006) and psychological health (Najarian & Davoodi, 2001) and were analyzed with Chi-square test, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-26 software.

There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age, education, illness duration and type of couple illness. In the pre-test stage, the groups did not differ significantly in terms of the mean score of marital life quality, covert relational aggression and psychological health, but in the post-test stage, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of all three variables (P≤0.0001). In this way, the emotion-focused couple therapy improved married life quality (F=125.366, P≤0.0001), reduced covert relational aggression (F=206.601, P≤0.0001) and improved psychological health (F=175.052, P≤0.0001) in couples with cardiovascular disease.

The results of this study showed the effect of emotion-focused couple therapy on improving the marital life quality, reducing the covert relational aggression, and improving the psychological health of couples with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use emotion-focused couple therapy along with other effective treatment methods to improve variables related to marital life and psychological health.

 According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 30% of deaths worldwide. Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Excessive obesity plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabete. Currently, body mass index and waist circumference are recommended for classification of overweight and obesity . Increased body mass index and waist circumference have been shown as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease . However, studies have shown that the discriminative capacity of BMI is questionable due to the inability to distinguish between adipose tissue and lean mass. This issue has led to the idea that by combining traditional anthropometric indices (such as height, weight, body mass index or waist circumference), a better physical index can be designed that considers and examines body shape Recently, Body Shape Index (BSI) has been proposed as a new body index. Krakower et al. (2012) reported a significant correlation between body shape index and visceral fat tissue and showed that premature deaths are more related to this index than waist circumference and body mass index. Body Roundness Index (BRI=BRI) is another new index proposed that based on waist circumference and height, can better predict the percentage of body fat and visceral fat compared to the traditional indices of body mass and circumference. Recently, several studies have shown that body circumference index can be used as an index of obesity to determine the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, hyperthermia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes .The purpose of this study was to predict the relationship between physical activity and some new and traditional obesity indicators in women with cardiovascular disease and to determine the power of these indicators in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 334 women with CVD (middle: n=189, elderly: n=145) referring to a heart centers in Mashhad. The inclusion criteria included female patients in the age range of 40 to 75 years, myocardial infarction, heart attack, high blood pressure and cholesterol, and willingness to participate in the research. Cardiovascular disease factors were diagnosed by consulting a specialist doctor and reviewing medical records for each patient. To investigate the relationship between different factors, the study was conducted in different age groups. For this purpose, the subjects were divided into two groups: middle-aged (40-55 years, 189 people) and elderly (60-75 years, 145 people). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The convenience sampling method was used. Physical activity level was measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The body shape index (BSI), body roundness index (BRI), Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), fat mass percentage (%FM) were measured and calculated. Body shape index was calculated based on height (meters), body mass index and waist circumference (meters) using the formula. Body circumference index is based on height (meters) and waist circumference (meters). First, the irregularity (non-dimensional value) of the body (€) was determined using the formula. Irregularity measures the degree of ovality or roundness and ranges from zero (full circle) to one (vertical line).
Independent t test was used for show difference between middle age and elderly groups. To evaluate the possible correlations between obesity indices, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity and the best cut-off point of anthropometric indices.

The results showed that there is no significant difference for physical activity, body mass index, body roundness index, body shape index, waist circumference, waist-to-thigh ratio and body fat percentage between middle-aged and elderly groups. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that in both middle-aged and elderly groups, body roundness index has a positive relationship with waist circumference, body mass index, waist-to-thigh ratio and fat mass. In middle-aged people, the level of physical activity had no significant relationship with any of the variables, but in elderly patients, the level of physical activity had a negative relationship with body roundness index and body shape index. In the middle-aged group, the body roundness index had the largest area under the curve, and the body shape indices and waist-to-hip ratio are in the second place with a small difference. In the elderly, the waist circumference had the largest area under the curve and the body roundness index ranked second. The level of physical activity in both groups had the lowest area under the curve. The values ​​of the cut points using the highest sensitivity and the lowest specificity in the middle-aged group for the physical activity level is greater than 984.5, body roundness index is less than 5.41, body shape index is less than 0.0834, waist circumference is less than 89.7, Body mass index less than 26.3, body fat percentage less than 31.8 and waist to hip ratio less than 0.91 and in the elderly group, physical activity level more than 789.7, body roundness index less than 5.8, index Body shape was less than 0.0865, waist circumference was less than 91.5, body mass index was less than 28.03, body fat percentage was less than 30.46 and waist to hip ratio was less than 0.9.

Contrary to the initial hypothesis of the researchers, the research findings showed that the level of physical activity had the least ability to predict the presence of cardiovascular disease. According to the present research, there was a weak relationship between the level of physical activity and obesity indicators. Considering that prospective studies in adults have shown that low physical activity is closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, however, it may be that if the amount of physical activity is low, its changes are not very reliable and cannot be a good predictor for the factors Cardiovascular risk. The level of physical activity in the present study was average (1135.7 meters/minute/week for the middle-aged group and 916.4 meters/minute/week for the elderly group) and the subjects were divided according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in terms of physical activity. According to Maisen et al.'s study (2011), the activity level is less than 600 met-minutes per week as inactive, between 600-1500 met-minutes per week as semi-active and more than 1500 met-minutes per week as active was considered. Among the possible reasons for the difference in the results of the mentioned studies, we can mention the physical fitness of the subjects, the disease and pathological conditions of the subjects, and gender. Body roundness index was created in order to predict body fat and visceral fat tissue percentage by using waist size in comparison with height, which makes it possible to estimate the body shape as an egg or oval. Body shape index independent of body size (height, weight and body mass index) creates a quantitative scale to estimate body shape. In preliminary studies, researchers have shown that BSI is a better predictor of premature mortality than BMI and WC in the general US population. According to the results of the study, BRI and WC are best indices for predicting the possibility of CVD in patient middle age and elderly women.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the several important lipoproteins in lipid metabolism, and many studies have been conducted on it. In various studies, the role of this protein in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and immune deficiency diseases such as AIDS have been addressed. The gene is a polymorphic apolipoprotein with three transcripts or different alleles called e2, e3 and e4. These three alleles have six genotypes E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E3, E3E4 and E4E4 with different frequency in the population. Depending on the demographic, geographic and racial characteristics of these genotypes, they are seen with varying frequency in the population, which is in any case the highest frequency related to E3E3. In this study determinated apolipoprotein E genotyping in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases with allele specific PCR method.

This study was performed on 107 blood samples of diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease living in Kashan. To determine the genotype of this gene, allele specific PCR with five primers was used and then the pattern of bands in electrophoresis was used.

The results show that in this population (diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease living in Kashan), as in most Iranian and world populations, the most genotype is E3E3. Also, the frequency of e2, e3 and e4 alleles is 5.1, 79 and 15.9%, respectively.

This study shows that there is an average impact of this genotype on lipoproteins of plasma or types of CVD, so it can be helpful to predict and prevent diseases associated with this genotype.

In cardiovascular patients, stress is a pervasive experience that can affect the recovery process of the disease. The aim of this study was to predict perceived stress based on self-efficacy and psychological hardiness in cardiovascular patients.

The method of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included cardiovascular patients referred to cardiac hospitals and cardiac rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 1398, of which 151 people were selected as the sample group by purposive sampling. Data collection tools included Kobasa Hardiness Questionnaire, Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale.

The results showed that self-efficacy and psychological hardiness with perceived stress have a significant negative correlation coefficient. Regression results showed that self-efficacy and psychological toughness had a significant role in predicting perceived stress in heart patients and the share of psychological hardiness was higher (p <0.05(.

Based on the results of this study, cardiovascular patients can help reduce stress and thus improve their health by strengthening their self-efficacy and psychological hardiness.

 Nowadays, herbal medicine is commonly used due to the side effects and high costs of chemical medicines. Cinnamon appears to be effective in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, which is used in both food industry and traditional medicine. This study aims to review the effects of cinnamon on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors. 

In this review study, the search was conducted using the keywords in English including Cinnamon, Cinnamomum, Cinnamaldehyde and Heart, Cardiac, and Cardiomyopathy based on MeSH terms and the keywords in Persian for the related articles in Web of Sciences, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases published until March 2021. Out of 205 studies, 51 experimental and clinical human and animal studies were reviewed.

 The results of studies reported the effects of cinnamon on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and oxidative stress.

 The majority of human and animal studies have shown that cinnamon prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by lowering oxidative stress and improving blood pressure and blood lipid parameters.

To date, much has been reported about the cardiovascular toxicity of NSAIDs, and often conflicting results have been obtained, particularly for aspirin and naproxen, as well as similar results for patients taking ibuprofen. To date, clinical research on the effect of NSAIDs in cardiovascular patients has been limited to pilot studies of flurbiprofen, meloxicam, and parecoxib/valdecoxib. The mechanism of cardiovascular action of aspirin, naproxen, and other non-selective NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors is still debated. Although non-selective NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, selective COX-2 inhibitors, including lumiracoxib, have no effect on COX-1 at therapeutic concentrations. The primary hypothesis explaining the increased risk of cardiovascular disease with COX-2 inhibitors is that the inhibitor of this enzyme causes an imbalance and consequently the accumulation of platelets due to COX-1, while the production of COX-2-dependent prostacyclin is inhibited by endothelial cells, which can act on blood vessels. Inhibition of COX by NSAIDs leads to a reduction in the systemic vasodilation effect of prostaglandins such as PG I2, PG E2, and group (CINOD), which are prescribed for the treatment of patients with OA and are more useful in order to reduce CVD complications compared to NSAIDs. A lot of clinical and experimental evidence shows that NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors may cause vasoconstriction. Considering the tendency of people to use herbal medicines and also in order to reduce the cardiovascular side effects of chemical drugs for the treatment of OA, it seems necessary to use alternative methods, including the use of medicinal plants, among these plants is wild anemone. This study examines the effect of inflammation in MIA-induced osteoarthritis on physiological cardiovascular performance in male rats with two hypotheses to confirm osteoarthritis and the effective dose of injectable and oral wild anemone extract and the cardiovascular effect of the effective dose of injectable wild anemone extract.

The data were analyzed using SPSS software and using the Independent T-test to check the differences between groups and the Paired sample T-test to check the differences between the different stages of a group, considering p<0.05. The significance level title was analyzed.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in adults worldwide, and knee osteoarthritis is the most common type. The most common symptom of osteoarthritis is joint pain. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint cartilage disorder, with hypertrophic changes in the subchondral bone, which causes inflammation of the surrounding tissues.

The results of this research showed that wild anemone extract can significantly inhibit the process of OA in rats suffering from arthritis with monosodium iodoacetate (especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg) and reduce the edema and weight of the affected rats with consumption. The oral extract of wild anemone showed that anthocyanin (an active substance in wild anemone) had an anti-inflammatory effect through the mechanism of inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in monosodium iodoacetate model mice. Also, the decrease in the level of the creatine kinase-MB enzyme in the coronary fluid in the group receiving wild anemone confirms the fact that the presence of anthocyanin can reduce the risk of CVD and cause endothelial dysplasia by increasing the phosphorylation of protein kinase C hypertrophy and the activation of protein kinase B Akt It improves vascular stiffness, which has a protective effect on the heart. And since the wild anemone was used in this study, according to previous studies, it has been shown that it caused a significant decrease in the proliferation of monkey kidney cancer cells (IC50 = 7.80 μg/ml) and the inhibitory effect of the extract on DPPH radical (74/ 5 μg/ml) also reported that the extract had a phenolic content more than the flavonoid content, which makes its use relatively safe. On the other hand, the increase in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure) can be related to the activity of the vagus nerve, which causes There is a significant decrease in the heart rate and contraction power of the heart. Also, in the serological findings of the present study, it has been shown that the level of troponin has decreased with the consumption of wild anemones. On the other hand, acetylcholine released from nerve endings through M2 muscarinic receptors causes the opening of a group of potassium channels and increases potassium release and hyperpolarization of action potential generating nodes in the heart. Also, nicotinic receptor (α7(α7nAChR) is present in synovial tissue. This has been shown for the synovial tissue of the knee joint of patients with OA, which can produce local acetylcholine in joint inflammation, which is attributed to the cholinergic system. Which inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines. Also, stimulation of articular chondrocytes by IL-1β or TNF-α for p65 NF-κB nuclear transfer involves a wide range of catabolic genes such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in chondrocytes, which leads to the production of proteases. It destroys and weakens the extracellular matrix. Wild anemone decreased TNF-α in the rat knee joint, which is in line with the study. On the other hand, it has been shown in epidemiological studies that there is a relationship between the increase in the level of inflammatory markers and the high prevalence of CVD. Studies have shown that systemic and chronic inflammation can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Since synovial inflammation plays a role in the early stages of OA, CVD is one of the side effects of OA. OA is associated with mild to moderate pain symptoms, and the first line of treatment for this disease is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as celecoxib. However, the dangerous side effects of NSAIDs in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in these people limit the long-term use of NSAIDs. Using alternative methods, including the use of medicinal plants, can prevent side effects. Among these plants is the wild anemone with the scientific name (Papaver rhoeas L.), which has anti-inflammatory properties and is effective in spasms.

The present study compares the effectiveness of emotion-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy and the combination of acceptance-based therapy and commitment and self-compassion training on self-compassion and emotional self-regulation in heart patients in Khoramabad in 2021.

The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was women with heart disease in Khoramabad in 2021. Forty-five people were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Ten separate 90-minute sessions were held for both treatment groups, and no training control group was applied. The research instruments were the Self-Compassion Scale of Neff with 26 questions and the Emotional Self-Regulation Scale of Larsen and Mike with ten questions. SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.

Combining acceptance-commitment therapy with self-compassion training and emotion-driven cognitive-behavioral therapy improves self-compassion and emotional self-regulation in women with cardiovascular disease (P-Value> 0.05), and their recovery rate is higher than the control group (P-Value> 0.05). However, the two experimental groups were not significantly different (P-Value> 0.0).

Combining acceptance-commitment therapy with self-compassion training and emotion-driven cognitive-behavioral therapy increase awareness of emotions and controls the level of emotions and self-compassion in women with heart disease. So, both treatments are effective for awareness of emotions and self-compassion.

Treatment adherence is one of the main factors in achieving maximum clinical efficacy. It seems that self-compassion and coping strategies of patients, can be effective on improving treatment adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between self-compassion with treatment adherence in cardiovascular patients.

This research was correlational research using structural equation method. The number of 234 cardiovascular patients referred to the center of the heart of Shahid Madani in 2021 was selected as available samples. Data were collected using Raes's Self-Compassion Scale and coping with the stressful situations of Endler & Parker and Modanloo's Adherence questionnaire and then analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and path analysis) in SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.

The results showed that self-compassion and Problem-Focused coping strategy had a direct, positive and significant effect on treatment adherence (p<0.001), while Emotion-Focused and avoidance strategies had a direct, negative, and significant effect on treatment adherence (p<0.001). Self-compassion also had a direct, positive, and significant effect on Problem-Focused strategy (p<0.001) and a direct, negative, and significant effect on Emotion-Focused and avoidance strategies (p<0.001). The results of Sobel test showed that self-compassion through coping strategies (Problem-Focused Strategy, β=0.19; Emotion-Focused Strategy, β=0.08; Avoidance Strategy, β=0.11) had an indirect, positive and significant effect on treatment adherence (p<0.001).

The results confirmed that self-compassion through coping strategies increased treatment adherence through coping strategies. According to the findings, it is possible to prepare educational programs that affect self-compassion and the using of adaptive coping strategies of patients.

This review study was conducted with the aim of highlighting the importance of a preoperative preventive approach in the recovery of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

With the increase in the number of patients who are candidated for heart surgery, improving the health status before the operation is of great importance to optimize the results after the operation. This review has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the evidence related to the pre-rehabilitation of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

The present literature review was conducted by searching out library resources and databases, Scopus, Chochrane Library, Magiran, SID, PubMed, Up-to-date, OVID, CINAHL, and Web of Science with the keywords, coronary artery bypass surgery, pre-rehabilitation, cardiovascular disease and their Persian equivalents without time limit. From a total of 104 articles, 63 full texts articles entered the review stage, of which 17 articles entered the literature review.

The findings indicate the favorable effects of pre-rehabilitation on improving the quality of life and preventing complications in the early postoperative period. Pre-rehabilitation programs should adopt multifaceted approaches including nutrition, exercise, and anxiety reduction to improve patient resilience in the preoperative period. The pre-operative period is a critical opportunity to implement pre-rehabilitation interventions for vulnerable patients awaiting cardiac surgery.

Cardiac pre-rehabilitation includes a wide range of preventive interventions that can be taught by nurses to patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Pre-rehabilitation requires an interdisciplinary approach, because it suggests a change from the current model of health care and transformation from one-dimensional care to interdisciplinary care, which can be an effective tool for the medical and nursing system in timely identification of physical and mental disorders in initial preoperative assessment, preoperative education and management, as well as prevention of postoperative complications.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and even death. In Cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS2), chronic cardiac dysfunction causes renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate Doppler ultrasound of renal veins, calculate venous impedance index (VII) and determine their associations with the prognosis of CRS2 syndrome in patients with a history of chronic heart disease and CKD with a good forward function.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 49 patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz with heart failure and renal dysfunction were selected. Renal status, VII and ejection fraction (EF) were evaluated.

Mean age of the patients was 61.83±12.39 years, 42.9% of which were women and 57.1% were men. The durations of heart and renal failure were 33.16 ± 13.8 and 11.76±5.1 months, respectively. Significant associations were found between VII and EF of the right and left kidneys (P=0.01 and P =0.03, respectively). But there was no statistically significant relationship between renal function and EF (P =0.54). With increasing edema rate, both VII and EF were decreased; however, these associations were not statistically significant (P >0.05).

According to the results, significant associations were found between VII and EF of right and left kidneys, however, no statistically significant correlations were observed between edema and VII mean and EF.

Increased urbanization in developing countries has led to increase in non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Primary prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease could be achieved by promoting healthy lifestyle throughout life. Team care approach is an effective strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease. Physicians should consider social factors affecting health to make appropriate treatment decisions. The present study will provide a brief overview of the latest clinical guidelines for treatment of lipid disorders in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.

In this narrative review, a comprehensive search of electronic databases (pubmed, scopus, google scholar, uptodate, and Embace) was done using the following keywords: primary prevention, cardiovascular disease, LDL cholesterol, and guideline. The goal of this study was to review the latest guidelines for lipid treatment in prevention of cardiovascular disease from 2015 onwards. Six articles were obtained in this field.

To prevent cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients aged 40-75 years, a moderate dose of statin is recommended. In non-diabetic patients, high-dose statin should be given for LDL levels ≥ 190 mg/dL. Also, 10-year risk of atherosclerotic heart disease should be calculated in non-diabetic patients aged 40-75 years old with LDL levels of 70-190 mg/dL to make treatment decisions.

According to access to the latest clinical guidelines, depending on patient's condition and type of disorder, therapeutic interventions in lipid disorders are recommended for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the causes of mortality in the world, which psychological factors play an important role in its occurrence and exacerbation. This study aimed to investigate the prediction of emotional repression based on alexithymia and type D personality in cardiovascular patients.

Participants were 100 patients with coronary artery disease selected through accidental sampling from the patients undergoing treatment at Rajaee Heart Hospital in Karaj City and completed TAS-20, DS14 and ECQ questionnaires. The validity and reliability of all three questionnaires have been confirmed in domestic and foreign studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 Software and Pearson correlation, Multiple regressions.

The correlation results showed that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia and personality type D with emotional repression in the cardiac patients at the level of 0.05, and the results of multivariate regression results showed that alexityymia and personality type D did not predict emotional repression.

Alexithymia, personality type D, and emotional repression are risk factors for the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease.

The importance and necessity of preventing the occurrence of these diseases in order to maintain and promote health, has attracted the attention of many researchers to methods of preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular injury. Metabolic effects of muscle mass loss due to the natural aging process are caused by decreased muscle activity and lead to high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors cause disorders in the cardiovascular structure such as myocardial infarction, arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, etc. Research also has shown that muscle strength is inversely related to all causes of death and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide safe resistance training methods for cardiovascular patients.

 Resistance exercise is effective in preventing or reversing the functional, morphological and structural changes of the heart. Research shows that resistance training prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and its function. This can also compensate for the functional decline caused by aging and disease. Because the methods of resistance training are various and are associated with many methodological problems, the study of the effect of exercise and resistance training in cardiovascular patients has always been controversial. This article reviews the findings of previous research examining the effects of the interaction between acute exercise and training in cardiovascular patients, and concludes the principles of prescribing resistance training in these patients. Overall, this study suggests that resistance training is beneficial even for the patients with CHF.