جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سلنیوم » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Considering the high prevalence of paraquat poisoning with the intention of suicide and its extremely deadly effects on the major organs of the body, choosing the best treatment can play a significant role in reducing the mortality rate of these patients. For this purpose, this study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of paraquat-poisoned patients treated with a new treatment protocol.

The current retrospective study was conducted on 39 paraquat-poisoned patients treated with a new protocol. In the new protocol, in addition to the standard protocol, treatment with curcuma, pirfenidone, selenium plus, and silymarin is prescribed by gavage. By referring to the archive, basic and clinical information of these patients was extracted and recorded.

In this study, 18 (46.2%) recovered and 21 (53.8%) died. The prevalence of mortality was significantly related to the frequency distribution of gender and age of patients. Hence, the percentage of mortality was higher in men and in those over 35 years of age. In addition, in the new treatment protocol, it was found that although the administration of selenium, curcumin, and silymarin increased the chances of patients' recovery to an insignificant extent (P > 0.05), the administration of pirfenidone can significantly increase the recovery of patients (OR = 3.14 and P = 0.028).

According to the results of the present study, the administration of pirfenidone and other antioxidants can increase the recovery rate. Although the administration of silymarin, selenium, and curcumin did not show a significant relationship in terms of reducing mortality or increasing recovery, it seems that the treatment regimen based on these drugs results in a higher recovery rate.

The thyroid, impacted by lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity, is crucial for overall health. Selenium, an essential antioxidant supplement, plays a key role in thyroid gland function. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of an eight-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) regimen and selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile, and overall quality of life (QOL) in women with hypothyroidism.

In this quasi-experimental study, 46 women diagnosed with hypothyroidism were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo, supplement-only, exercise plus supplement, and exercise plus placebo. Selenium supplementation dosage was set at 200 micrograms per day. MIIT program spanned eight weeks, with three sessions weekly lasting 20-30 minutes each, maintaining an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum heart rate. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage], QOL evaluations, thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile analysis, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Significant interactions over time were observed within the groups, particularly in CRP levels, lipid profile parameters (excluding total cholesterol), thyroid hormone levels, QOL metrics, and some anthropometric indices (excluding WHR) (p=0.001).

The combination of MIIT and selenium supplementation demonstrated favorable outcomes, including reduced lipid profile levels, increased thyroid hormone levels, and enhanced QOL. This integrated approach shows promise in effectively enhancing thyroid function in women managing hypothyroidism.

Propose:

Selenium is an essential ultra-trace element that regulates many biological processes including cellular response to oxidative stress, redox signaling, cell differentiation, and immune response. In addition, selenium is also involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulates the basal metabolism in all body tissues. In this article, the function of selenium and selenoproteins as well as their role in various processes and the occurrence of diabetes are investigated.

In this research, 79 articles between 1984 and 2023 from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SID databases were reviewed regarding the function of selenium and selenoproteins.

The biochemical and cellular effects of selenium are obtained through the activity of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. In this article, some of the protective effects of selenium and selenoproteins in different parts, such as antioxidant defense, cardiovascular system, brain function, cell differentiation, cancer prevention, immune system regulation and detoxification of heavy metals were mentioned. The effects of selenium on health are complex, and consuming super-nutritional doses of selenium can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. In recent decades, optimizing selenium intake to prevent diseases related to selenium deficiency or excess has been recognized as an important issue in global health. Considering that the basic level of selenium is not the same in different populations, including in Iran, there is a need for separate studies to determine the reference range.

Selenium as a redox center plays different roles in selenoproteins. More relevant basic and clinical studies are expected to maximize the benefits of selenium use and help reduce its potential risks. Also, the investigation of hidden mechanisms in the field of selenium effects on various diseases requires more studies.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of zinc and selenium supplements on the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery.

In this clinical trial, 54 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 27. The intervention group received a daily capsule containing 200 micrograms of zinc and 15 mg of selenium a week before the operation, and the control group received a placebo. 24 hours before the operation, the zinc and selenium levels were checked. All patients after surgery were examined and compared in terms of clinical parameters including atrial fibrillation, cardiac ejection fraction, bleeding, and length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit and hospital.

The mean difference of cardiac ejection fraction in the intervention group was -2.41 ± 0.77% (increased) and in the control group was 2.78 ± 0.86% (decreased), and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.001). During the study, 4 (14.8%) of the control group had ventricular fibrillation, and there was no case of AF in the intervention group, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.015). The mean volume of bleeding (P = 0.011) and the mean length of hospital stay were significantly different between the two groups.

Prescribing zinc and selenium supplements before coronary artery bypass surgery can lead to a more favorable prognosis and reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, reduce the length of hospital stay, and reduce the amount of bleeding after surgery.

Selenium, a rare and essential element, is crucial in various skin diseases. Given its significance, this study aimed to investigate the serum selenium levels in patients with genital warts and compare them with those of healthy individuals.

This case-control study involved 40 patients with genital warts and 40 healthy individuals. Serum selenium levels were measured using a Calbiotech laboratory kit with two cc of intravenous blood samples. Demographic characteristics and disease-related factors, including disease duration, severity of genital warts, and areas of skin involvement, were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

In the case group, the average age was 30.68±9.38 years, and in the control group, it was 34.30±6.90 years (P=0.060). The mean serum selenium level in the case group was lower than in the control group (83.92±35.43 vs. 93.62±26.29 ng/ml, respectively, P=0.168). Notably, there was no statistically significant difference in serum selenium levels with age (P=0.051), gender (P=0.062), number of lesions (P=0.750), disease duration (P=0.938), disease severity (P=0.618), or areas of skin involvement (P=0.349).

Patients with genital warts exhibited lower serum selenium levels than their healthy counterparts, suggesting a potential correlation between weakened immune system strength and increased inflammatory conditions. Future studies are imperative to delve deeper into the immunomodulatory role of trace elements, such as selenium, in human papillomavirus infections and various skin wart types.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common recurrent ulcers in the oral mucosa and its etiology is not yet elucidated, but the immune system dysfunction and oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS. Selenium has regulatory role in the immune system and oxidative stress. This study aims to compare serum levels of selenium between patients with RAS and healthy controls.

This case-control study was performed in 50 patients with minor RAS and 53 healthy controls that were matched for age and sex. Blood samples were obtained from all participants and selenium serum levels were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS V17 applying independent sample t-test and Chi-square.

The average age of the controls and case group was 34.77±8.21 and 37.68±9.69 years, respectively and women included 67.9% and 74%, respectively .The mean serum level of selenium in the control group (49.16±17.03 µg/L) was significantly higher than that of the case group (31.09±17.74µg/L) (P<0.001).

Serum levels of selenium are lower in patients with RAS than healthy controls.

Recently, many studies have been conducted on the role of selenium in autoimmune diseases. Trace element deficiency is not an uncommon finding in autoimmune diseases. This deficiency may be a consequence of autoimmune diseases or may contribute to their aetiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of selenium in patients with sarcoidosis compared to healthy controls in teaching hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

In this case-control study, serum selenium levels were measured in 42 patients with sarcoidosis and compared with 42 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. Two cc non-fasting blood samples were collected. The serum selenium level was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The normal range for serum selenium is between 46 to 143 micrograms per liter.

The mean ages in the case group and controls were 47.45±7.6 and 47.24±7.23 years, respectively (P=0.898). Serum selenium levels were significantly lower than the controls (82.42±24.11 vs. 94.79±27.01 µg/ml, P=0.03). In case group, there was no significant difference between serum selenium levels and sex (P=0.165). The study showed no relationship between serum selenium levels and age (P=0.258), duration of disease (P=0.121), duration of treatment (P=0.837), delay in initiation of treatment (P=0.316), and type of treatment (P=0.859).

Serum selenium levels were significantly lower in patients with sarcoidosis than the healthy controls, so, these patients may benefit from selenium supplements.

Glioblastoma multiform is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Recent studies have shown that micronutrients, such as selenium, have the potential to have positive effects in the treatment of glioblastoma and can be a promising candidate combined with surgical and radiochemical therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of selenium on brain tumor damages.

Rats were randomly divided into three main groups: control and selenium-received groups at doses of 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg. A 1 × 106 rat Glioma C6 cells were transplanted in the right caudate nucleus of the rat brain. Five days after surgery, the treatment groups received selenium intraperitoneally for five days. Motor activity, animal weight, tumor volume, survival rate, and histopathological changes were assessed.

Selenium 0.5 mg/kg reduced tumor volume, improved locomotor activity, and attenuated weight loss of the animals. Also, histological analysis showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and invasion of tumor cells to the surrounding tissues of tumor in rats treated by selenium 0.5 mg/kg.

According to the present results, it can be stated that selenium has sufficient potential to inhibit brain tumor damages.

This study examined the effect of adding selenium to levothyroxine on controlling  primary overt hypothyroidism and reducing the serum level of thyroid peroxidase antibody.

This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on individuals with primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. The patients were randomly divided into two intervention (I) and control (C) groups. Group I was treated with levothyroxine plus selenium, and Group C was treated with levothyroxine alone for three months. The anti-TPO antibody titer and serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4 were measured before and after treatment. Individuals were matched according to the season of visit and body mass index.

Fifty-three persons with a mean age of 33 years (10% male) participated in this study. Twenty-one individuals in Group I and twenty individuals in Group C completed the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and gender. In none of the groups, anti-TPO antibody titer did not change significantly before and after the intervention. The serum level of the antibody did not differ significantly between the two groups before and after the study. Following the treatment, Group C was euthyroid; however, the intervention group, despite a decrease in TSH and an increase in T3 and T4, was not euthyroid. The participants reported no side effects.

In this study, adding selenium to levothyroxine sodium did not significantly change the serum level of anti-TPO, TSH, T3, and T4 in the patients with overt primary hypothyroidism.

Cypermethrin is an insecticide that is widely used in pest control programs. Previous studies have pointed out its harmful effects on the male reproductive system. Therefore, in the present study, vitamin E and selenium were used to protect the testicles from the damage of this poison.

For this study, 42 adult male Wistar rats were prepared and divided into 6 groups as follows: Control group (without any additive substances); Cyper group (received cypermethrin by gavage at 30 mg/kg for 42 days); Cyper+Vit E group (received cypermethrin in the previous method and simultaneously receiving vitamin E at 100 mg/kg by gavage); Cyper+Se group (received cypermethrin in the mentioned method and simultaneously selenium at 0.5 mg/kg  by gavage); Cyper+Vit E+Se group (received cypermethrin, vitamin E and selenium by the above methods) and Vit E +Se group (received only vitamin E and selenium by the above mentioned methods). At the end of the course, the animals were weighed and then anesthetized to take blood to measure hormonal and oxidative stress parameters. Also, tissue slides at 5 microns thick were prepared and stained with H&E and Mallory's trichrome methods.

In the cypermethrin group, the body weight, as well as epididymal weights, testicular cell population, testosterone, LH, FSH levels and also antioxidant enzyme levels were decreased but MDA level was increased. Vitamin E or selenium administration alone could not reverse these changes, but combination of them could induce protection of testis, completely.

The combination of vitamin E and selenium has a synergistic and protective effect against tissue and oxidative damage caused by cypermethrin in the rat’testis

Bioavailability is a good alternative to conventional physical and chemical methods for removing toxic metals from groundwater and wastewater. Selenium is a non-metallic substance. Although large amounts of selenium are toxic, proper consumption is essential for specific cellular functions. In the seasons when there is a maximum spawning rate, due to the excretion of high levels of selenium through the eggs from the body, the balance of selenium in the body is disturbed and its amount is reduced to a minimum and the body becomes susceptible to virus attack. Laying birds are more common (1, 2).Reproduction of viruses, especially avian influenza, also requires selenium, which is higher due to the high proliferation of viruses, but the selenium required for a virus is very low, and if there is enough selenium in animals, the virus enters the body. In other words, the virus poisons itself with selenium, and this is a schematic example of the fight against toxins, as well as a way to fight and defend the type of prevention, not when the disease occurs. falls down. Numerous microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae and higher fungi that are grown on a large scale can be used as a rich source of protein for humans and animals. Yeasts are among the organisms that are widely used to produce protozoan proteins, and the most important of them are Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, Candida, Didium, etc. (5).

  In this research, phenotypic and genotypic study was carried out on the use of isolated yeast from industrial effluents with the aim of eliminating Selenium biological and the production of biomass as a feed for livestock and poultry. In the present study, yeast strains were isolated from wastewater and after confirmation by using the replication of the ITs region and their evolutional correlation with S1 strains (Candida albicans NG67) and S2 (Candida albicans m48a) selenium removal was performed. Sequencing: To confirm the sequences obtained by PCR, the sequencing reaction was performed according to Sanger method by Gene Fanavaran Company. In this sequencing, the Cycle Sequencing Kit Big Dye Terminatorv3.1 from Applied Biosystems and the ABI Sequence Analyzer 3130xl from the same company were used. The sequence of each DNA strand was analyzed using the corresponding chromatogram and Chromas (Technelysium) software. The questionable bases were examined by careful examination of the chromatogram and comparison with the chromatogram of the reverse string sequence.
Chromas (Technelysium) software was used to analyze and compare all genetic changes.

  The ability of these isolates to tolerate selenium was performed using PYT agar medium containing different concentrations of 4-15 mM of Se2 +. Selenium-capable strains of reddish colonies contained Selenite in PYD Agar medium. These strains were selected as superior strains.Enrichment and Determination of Selenium Resistance Pattern in Yeast Strains: After optimizing the reaction conditions of bilenium selenite removal reaction by single factor method and finding appropriate values of reaction parameters, the effect of heating time on removal efficiency was investigated. Based on the results obtained after 72 hours of heating, the resting yeast cells were able to remove more than 93% of the selenium in the conversion medium, indicating the potential potential of the microbial catalyst to remove toxic selenium from the reaction medium.

The MFC test was conducted to select the best yeast strain for performing desulphurisation tests. The resistance pattern of isolated yeast strains according to MFC showed that the highest resistance to toxic selenite ions (tolerance greater than 22 g / l) was related to strain S1. The microbial protein produced in this study is widely used and can be used as an additive and probiotic in the diet of livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals.In the present study, yeast strains were isolated from wastewater and after confirmation, selenium removal was performed by replicating the ITs region and investigating their evolutionary relationship with strains S1 (Candida albicans NG67) and S2 (Candida albicans m48a). For this purpose, selenium-capable strains of red colonies in PYD agar medium contained selenite. These strains were selected as the top strains. Then, in order to select the best efficient yeast strain for selenite removal experiments, MFC test was performed. Resistance pattern of isolated yeast strains according to MFC showed that the highest resistance to toxic selenite ion (tolerance above 22 g / l) was related to S1 strain. These results are consistent with the study of Ashnagarov et al. Protozoan protein can be produced from various sources. Researchers have conducted various studies on the production of protozoan proteins from substrates such as agricultural wastes (molasses, rice, citrus), chemical by-products (methane and petroleum derivatives), and fishery wastes (such as shrimp skin). Each of the studies used different microbes or microbes and the conditions for preparing the growth medium of the microorganisms used were different. The results of studies by Scholes et al. Showed that the amount of crude protein in SCP produced from yeasts was between 39-68%, while this amount in bacterial SCP was about 82%. The amount of essential amino acids of yeast protein was between 6.4-6.4% per gram of protein. However, the amount of total fat in protein with different microbial origins has been variable. The results of the present study also confirm the above results.The results of a study by Samuel et al. In 1992 showed that when using microbes, the average crude protein in fish and crab waste was 60.4% and 44.1%, respectively. Ferrer et al. Used shrimp shells to produce microbial protein and used marine yeast to achieve this goal. The results showed that the specific growth rate and crop production coefficient were 0.398 per hour and 447% kg dry cell weight, respectively. Recently, due to the lack of protein, efforts have been made to discover alternative sources of common food and feed. SCP is cheap for everyone and safe to eat. Genetically modified, high-yielding non-toxic microbes can also be used to increase SCP production. During a study, scientists coated medical lenses with selenium to prevent bacteria from growing and multiplying on the lenses (11).

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease that results in high mortality. Evidence suggests that micronutrients affect viral and bacterial infections. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium) on the disease severity in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 in Qaemshahr Razi Hospital, 2020. Medical records were reviewed and 42 were selected. Data of patients that received micronutrients including vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium and those that did not receive these supplements were compared. Duration of hospitalization, respiratory support, oxygen therapy, requiring invasive/non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and incident of death were investigated. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS V25.

Survival rates in the groups receiving vitamin C, D, and selenium were not significantly different from the groups that did not receive these supplements (P= 0.42, 0.63, 0.084, respectively). The study showed no significant relationship between vitamin D, C, and selenium intake and the need for ventilation due to respiratory distress (P= 0.139, 0.2, and 0.8, respectively).

No remarkable difference was seen between the recipients of vitamin C, D, and selenium and those who did not receive supplements in terms of survival and the need for mechanical ventilation. So, these supplements did not affect the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes various infections in susceptible individuals who are resistant to antibiotics, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant effect of selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) for the purpose of developing an effective vaccine to prevent and reduce the complications of MRSA.

Autolysin recombinant protein, expressed by IPGD and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography was used to develop the vaccine. Together with alum adjuvant, SeNPs produced in two synthetic and biogenic forms were used as a co-adjuvant to increase the vaccine’s efficacy. Four groups of BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with three doses of different vaccine combinations. In order to evaluate humoral immunity, the ELISA test was used to measure total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels. The 30-day survival rate of experimental mice was recorded after they were exposed to a bacterial challenge test of MRSA (1.5 ×108 CFU).

In both groups receiving autolysin recombinant protein with synthetic SeNPs and with biogenic SeNPs, total IgG were higher than the control group. Compared to the control group, IgG1 and IgG2a increased more in the two previously mentioned groups. After the bacterial challenge test, the survival rate of vaccinated mice was higher than that of the control group.

The results showed that, as a co-adjuvant, synthetic and biogenic SeNPs in combination with autolysin recombinant protein could improve the humoral immune system against MRSA.

Trace elements deficiencies are reported in dialysis patients. We aimed to define the frequency of Selenium deficiency in dialysis patients and its correlation with age, gender, duration of dialysis, dialysis modality, and serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total cholesterol and hemoglobin.

Patients under dialysis in dialysis sections of Dr.Sheikh hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled the study after taking written consent from patients or their parents. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum Selenium levels at time of routine monthly sampling.

Forty patients enrolled the study .Totally 45% were under hemodialysis and 55% peritoneal dialysis .The ages in first and second groups were 12.77±2.94 and 9.34 ±4.03 years, respectively (P= 0.04) .Serum selenium levels in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients were 91.95 ±8.43 and 94.1 ± 8.67 microgram (µgr) per liter, respectively (P= 0.374). Thirteen cases (32.5%) including 38.9% of hemodialysis and 27.3% of peritoneal dialysis patients had Selenium deficiency (P= 0.435). No correlation were found between age, gender, modality of dialysis, dialysis duration , serum levels of BUN , albumin , total cholesterol and hemoglobin with Selenium deficiency (P> 0.05 for all ) .

Selenium deficiency is common in dialysis patients. Demographic factors , dialysis modality , dialysis duration , serum levels of BUN , albumin , total cholesterol and hemoglobin are not related with presence of Selenium deficiency .Periodic checking of serum levels of Selenium is recommended

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrin disorders.in many country autoimmune hypothyroidism is the most cause of overt hypothyroidism. Base of above point and common prevalence of hypothyroidism in our population we decide to evaluate the relationship between selenium and anti thyroid proxidase antibody and if there is relation ship we recommende selenium therapy in auto immune hypothyroidism. A double blind and placebo-controlled prospective study was performed in50 auto immune hypothyroid patients. all patients that referred to endocrinology clinic of Ghaem hospital and obtain entry condition and informed consent were randomly assigned to intervention and control group with table of random number. Physical examination and review of system were done and Serum concentrations of anti TPO Ab , thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (free t4) were measured at baseline and after 3 months of follow-up.. intervention group take 200 Mcg selenium capsule and 50-100 Mcg Levothyroxin(base on patient BMI) per day. control group take placebo(wheat bran) and 50-100 Mcg Levothyroxin(base on patient BMI)per day. Serum concentrations of anti TPO Ab , thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (free t4) were measured at baseline and after 3 months of follow-up..50 patients include 11 males and 39 females with mean ages (36/42),TSH(21/22),anti TPO Ab(424/78),free T4(0.829).there in no significant differences in TSH(p=0/165 ),anti TPO Ab(p=0/727),free T4(p=0/785) after intervention between 2 groups. Selenium had some effect on thyroid function testes such as TSH and anti TPO Ab suppresion with T4 elevation but there is no significant differences in 2 groups

In recent decades with the advent of nanotechnology, use of nanoparticles has been increased due to increased bioavailability, improved targeted treatment, and reduced toxicity. Selenium is a trace essential element in bodies of humans and animals. This element is found in the structure of numerous enzymes playing various roles in the body of organisms. Under different conditions, several effects have been reported for selenium nanoparticles, the main objective of this study was to evaluate different researches related to using selenium nanoparticles as anti-cancer, stem cell differentiation, wound healing, and dis-infection agent, also nutrition and reproduction performances.

In this study, we present a summary of studies on the effects of selenium nanoparticles in various conditions, including differentiation, anti-cancer, anti-infective and wound healing effects, also nutritional and reproductive performances.

Different forms of selenium have been used in various studies. However, in most studies, selenium nanoparticles show less toxicity than its salt forms (Sodium Selenate, Sodium Selenite, Selenium Dioxide and Selenous Acid). Positive effects have been observed in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and wound infection, improving nutritional and reproduction performances.

It seems that due to the lower toxicity and greater bio-availability of selenium nanoparticles, it can be used instead of its salt forms.

Kidney damage is one of the most common complications of diabetes that can eventually lead to hemodialysis. Inflammation is one of the effective factors in the development of this complication. Considering the strong anti-inflammatory effects of selenium supplementation, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of this supplementation on the expression levels of inflammation-related genes in diabetic hemodialysis patients.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 40 diabetic hemodialysis patients. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 200 µg/day selenium (n=20) or placebo (n=20) for 3 months.

Selenium supplementation upregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P=0.002) gene expression levels. This intervention also decreased gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P=0.01) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) (P=0.02) compared with the placebo. In this study gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P=0.33) and (IL-8) (P=0.45) were not affected by selenium supplementation.

Selenium supplementation during 3 months to diabetic hemodialysis patients had beneficial effects on gene expression related to inflammatory markers.

Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of disorders including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL) High-density lipoprotein( levels. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been found that selenium can also be effective in the carbohydrates and fat metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profile in women with metabolic syndrome.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 70 women diagnosed with MS and aged 20-49 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive 200 μg per day selenium supplements (N=35) or placebo (N=35) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks' intervention to quantify glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations.

After 8 weeks of intervention in two groups, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the variables studies include fasting blood sugar (FBS), Insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDLand LDL cholesterol )Low- density lipoprotein(.

Supplementation of 200 μg of selenium for 8 weeks had no significant effect on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in the participants with metabolic syndrome.