جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "لیشمانیوز جلدی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical and treatment-resistant disease which the range of treatment strategies based on effective plant substances has been expanded due to the side effects of standard druge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the histopathological changes caused by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice treated with aqueous extract of garlic.

Methods:

 In this experimental study, which was conducted in 2018 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bou Ali Sina University,, 36 female BALB/c mice with an average weight of 30g were equally divided into 6 groups and the standard strain of Leishmania major parasite was injected into 5 groups. Three groups were treated with aqueous garlic extract orally and topically, and three groups were treated as control, without treatment and received Glucantim as drug. The size of the wound in five groups were evaluated weekly, and after the 90-day of treatment, skin tissue around the wound, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver were taken for histopathologic evaluation. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of two-way analysis of variance (pvalue ≤ 0.05).

A significant reduction in wound size was observed in the groups receiving the garlic extract orally (p≤0.0001). The structures of the lymphoid organs differed in these two groups in inflammation, granuloma, and lymphocyte populations compared to the control groups and even to the group receiving garlic topical ointment, and the healing process was observed in them, also, wound healing was significantly accelerated in the group receiving oral garlic extract before parasite injection (p≤0.05). Histopathological changes in the group receiving garlic ointment also showed evidence of wound healing, but at the end of the treatment period, it was less effective than the group receiving oral garlic (p≤0.05).

The oral extract of garlic changes the inflammatory reactions in the wound site of cutaneous leishmaniasis towards repair and accelerates the healing process of the wound. Garlic extract compounds can be considered as a natural treatment option in treatment-resistant Leishmania infection.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and it transmitted by female phlebotomus mosquitoes. Military forces staff are part of vulnerable groups with high probability of contracting disease for reasons such as participating in military maneuver, deployment in border areas, outskirts of cities in endemic areas. Some studies show that the incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis among military forces is higher than its incidence rate in the civilian population. The purpose of this study is to acquaint military forces with the epidemiology of the disease, clinical symptoms, vectors, reservoirs, and prevention and treatment methods that can prevent the disease.

Methods and Materials: 

This review article has been performed through searching in national and international reliable databases using cutaneous leishmaniasis, military forces, prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis, uniforms stained with poison, and skin diseases keywords. Moreover, this research has been done by selecting 76 related articles until April 2024.

The most important axis in the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis is camps and maneuver along with other disease control and prevention programs including vaccine and drug production, improving the environment, fighting the vector, exterminating rats, improving awareness about the disease, particularly the ways of transmission and prevention methods such as the importance of using clothes or uniforms impregnated with insect repellants, repellants ointment, insecticides, mosquito nets impregnated with poison and the methods of using them, especially in endemic areas. Having the necessary and correct information is the first and most basic step to take any appropriate behavior to prevent contracting this disease. Teaching preventive behaviors of biting the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector can not only protect people from contracting this disease, but also protect the military in the battle scene against other diseases that the enemy may use insects as biological weapons and disease transmission.

In order to prevent contracting this disease for the military forces stationed in the barracks of endemic areas or the forces sent to these areas, providing the necessary equipment and health education classes on the topics of enhancing awareness of the methods of disease transmission, the importance of using uniforms impregnated with poisons, using mosquito nets impregnated with poison, using appropriate insect repellants on the skin of the hands, face and uncovered parts of body, particularly during rest and dressing the affected area should be planned and implemented for prevention.

The prevalence and spread of the prevailing diseases, including the cutaneous leishmaniosis, is affected by ecological factors in addition to economic, social and cultural issues. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of climatic factors on the incidence of urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniosis in Kerman and Arzooieh in 2015-2019.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study which was performed on all patients with the definitive diagnosis of urban cutaneous leishmaniosis living in Sarasiab area of Kerman, and the rural type living in Arzooieh who referred to leishmaniosis treatment centers; From the second half of 2015 to the end of 2019. They were included in the study using the census method.

A total of 332 patients with cutaneous leishmaniosis participated in the study. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean and deviation from the standard of patients in each season of the year in Sarasiab area of the city (p<0.05). Moreover, in the head mill area of Kerman province  a statistically significant difference was observed between temperature, precipitation and wind speed, monthly with a delay of 4 months and the rate of infection per million people (p<0.05).

The results of the present study showed that only in the urban type of leishmaniosis, there was a significant relationship between climatic factors and disease. Therefore, considering the seasons, studying all climatic factors simultaneously and with a delay of several months, the geographical distribution of the disease from different epidemiological and ecological aspects can be effective in reducing and controlling the disease.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease that accounts for approximately one million new cases annually. The treatment of this disease is complex and costly, particularly in developing countries. Numerous studies have been conducted on various vaccines utilizing live attenuated parasites, killed parasites, subunit antigens, recombinant vaccines, and DNA technology. However,  an effective and widely applicable preventive vaccine for leishmaniasis has not yet been developed. Present study aimed  to examine the progress in the development of leishmaniasis vaccines. Articles for this study were selected from the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases using relevant keywords, focusing on subject matter, scientific quality, and publication date, with an emphasis on more recent publications. Research on the development of leishmaniasis vaccines indicates that several candidates, such as Leishmune, CaniLeish, and Leish-Tec, which are at various stages of clinical trials, may serve as suitable options for controlling and preventing leishmaniasis in dogs. The LeishChim vaccine, designed using immunoinformatics and molecular docking techniques, has shown promising efficacy results in mouse studies. Additionally, the mutant gene-centered LmCen-/- vaccine has completed Phase 1 clinical trials in humans. Given the importance of developing a leishmaniasis vaccine, research in this area continues. Utilizing immunoinformatics and biological modeling studies can aid in the faster identification of effective vaccine candidates.

Leishmaniasis is a common infectious agent of humans and animals that threatens more than 350 million people in 100 countries including Iran, and still has no effective and low-complication treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive and repeatable method for removing leishmaniasis lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy with the near-infrared laser in the presence of indocyanine green (ICG) on leishmaniasis.

In vitro study was carried out after amplification of parasites extracted from the spleen of infected mice in the presence of 6 different concentrations of ICG and exposure with the 808 nm laser. To avoid the photothermal effect, the output intensity was limited to 1 W/cm2. Each study included three controls: untreated parasites, ICG-treated parasites and laser beam-exposed parasites. Finally, the effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated by the MTS/PMS method. 

There was no significant difference in survival in all groups containing ICG compared to the control group (P>0.05), but these groups showed a significant reduction in survival compared to the control group after exposure (P<0.05). Also, in the group without ICG, just laser exposure did not decrease cell survival compared to the control group (P>0.05).

The findings of this study showed that photodynamic therapy in the presence of ICG could be a new, safe and low-cost option against L. major.

Leishmania is one of the indigenous diseases of Iran, which is endemic in 18 provinces of the country. It is necessary to carry out an educational intervention to promote the preventive behaviors of this disease in endemic areas. The present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. 

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial on 80 male students of the First secondary level school in Shahin shahr in 2022. The students were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data were collected based on a standard questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. Questionnaire was completed before, immediately and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests of repeated analysis of variance, independent t-test and post hoc Ben Feroni. Significance level was considered at 0.05.

Before the educational intervention, the two groups were similar in terms of demographic information and the scores of the constructs of the HBM (p>0.05). Immediately and three months after the educational intervention, the mean scores of the constructs of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, behavior and perceived benefits increased significantly in the intervention group (p>0.05), but there were not a statistically significant difference in the constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action (p>0/05).

The results of the present study showed the effect of educational intervention based on the preventive behaviors of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in male students. Of course, due to the lack of impact of the intervention on the perceived barriers, it is necessary to pay attention to non-educational interventions such as allocating subsidies for the purchase of protective equipment, especially in deprived areas, in addition to educational interventions.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important endemic diseases in Iran and the second most frequently transmitted arthropod-borne parasitic disease after malaria, which is seen in two kinds of urban and rural areas. Importantly, there are various focal points of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease in Iran. One of the most important focal points is Damghan. The study was conducted to determine the incidence and trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Damghan town during 2011–2021 and its forecast up to 2026.

In this cross-sectional study, 3222 definite cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis recorded from 2011 to 2021 by the vice-chancellor for health at Semnan University of Medical Sciences were entered. All statistical analyses were done using Minitab software version 14. SARIMA (1, 0, 0) (0, 1, 1)12 was used to predict the number of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the next 5 years.

By investigating the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2010 to 2021, an epidemic occurred in 2019. 3222 definite cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, 1938 cases (60%) were men. 57% of the cases said that the place where they were bitten was the village. Interestingly, the most frequent age group was 15 years and older (86%). Hands and feet were the most common sites of ulcers. The highest disease prevalence was observed in September, October, and November. The number of predicted cases in the next five years was 2265.

By investigating the eleven-year trend of this disease, and predicting the number of 2,265 people suffering from this disease in the next five years in the most optimistic state (do not have an epidemic like in 2019), it indicates that the policymakers of the health system should take control measures in prevention, Diagnosis, and treatment should pay attention to reduce the burden of the disease imposed on the individual and the health system and society.

This study aims to determine the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) in Aran va Bidgol city in Isfahan, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 1020 patients with CL referred to the leishmaniosis treatment centers in Aran va Bidgol city during 2018-2020 who had complete records in these centers and their smear test was positive for CL.

Of 1020 patients, 60.6% were male. Their mean age was 34.5 years and 94.1% of them were Iranian. The CL was more common among housewives (24.5%) and 43.6% of patients had a history of travel to other cities. Moreover, 10.1% reported more than 6 ulcers. The ulcer size was less than 3 cm in 74.4% of patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the age of patients and the location of the lesions (P<0.01). The ulcer size had a statistically significant relationship with the patients’ sex, occupation, place of residence, and age (P<0.001).

The prevalence of CL in Aran va Bidgol city is high among young men living in rural areas and among workers and farmers. By providing the necessary education about this disease and improving the community and environmental health, the incidence of CL can be reduced.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common disease between humans and animals that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Leishmanias cause complex diseases. This disease is reported as endemic in different regions of Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological aspects in patients with leishmaniasis referred to Qom health center from 2015 to 2021.

In this descriptive study, all the people with leishmaniasis who were followed up and treated with a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of Leishmanias disease were under the investigation from April 1395 to the end of March 1400.

According to the obtained results obtained from the total patients with leishmaniasis in Qom province, who were 539 Men (75 percent), and 180 women (25 percent) and most of the patients were between the ages of 20 to 30. 87/3 Percent of the patients had a history of traveling to endemic areas of the leishmaniasis in the past year. The prevalence rate of this disease was higher in the autumn season than in other seasons.32/2 Percent’s of the patient’s people had 3 or more wounds and in 49/3   Percent’s of cases, the wound was in their hands.

Considering the prevalence of leishmaniasis in the studied area in different years, it is necessary to take effective health measures in the field of control and prevention of leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran and Isfahan province. This study was conducted to investigate the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in 6 main centers of Isfahan province during the years 2007 to 2018.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that was conducted based on the data available in the Zoonosis Diseases Unit located in the Isfahan Health Vice-Chancellor. The data related to the new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were reported by the detection laboratories as well as the data related to the control measures and the fight against the reservoir were collected. The trend of disease incidence was analyzed separately by foci, year and the relationship between disease incidence and control measures.

The results showed that during this 11-year period, the incidence of leishmaniasis is decreasing, but some centers, such as the number 1 Isfahan region, have had severe fluctuations in some years. The relationship between the average incidence of the disease and the total number of poisons consumed using the Pearson Correlation statistical test was linear and significant. In other words, in the centers where the highest amount of poison has been consumed, the incidence rate of leishmaniasis is also reported to be higher.

Considering the fluctuations of the disease in some years, and the number 1 Isfahan region has the highest rate of incidence despite the highest amount of poisons consumed compared to the Shahin-shahr region, the effectiveness of this type of intervention in the long term is doubtful.

Leishmania major is the agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which leads to tissue lesions resistant to treatment and scarring at the site of injury. The use of treatment methods based on chemical compounds is the first line of treatment in patients, despite the side effects, do not lead to complete recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of soluble factors caused by CT26 in regulating the immune response against the cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Female BALB/c mice were infected with the standard strain of Leishmania major and after the appearance of lesion, the supernatant of CT26 cells was injected into the mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis in two forms, intravenously and intra-lesion. After 30 days of treatment, tissue samples of the spleen and macrophage cells were removed from the peritoneal cavity to investigate cell proliferation and phagocytosis. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 20), one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (Pvalues ≤0.05).

The lesion size was larger in the groups treated with the supernatant of CT26 cells intravenously and intralesion, but this difference was not significant. The amount of lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis and subsequently inflammation of the lesion area in the group treated with cell supernatant was higher than in the control group, but this increase was not significant.

The use of soluble factors from CT26 cell culture supernatant can lead to a change in the immune response in the cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion model, which should be further investigated to determine the effective factors in this field.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis or leishmaniasis in Iran is caused by two species of Leishmania parasites including: L. major and L. tropica. In recent years, the disease has been reported in different parts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Due to the huge differences in the type of animal reservoirs and biological carriers, identifying the causative agent can be effective in the necessary planning to control the disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran, by molecular

a retrospective study. Methods The present cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study was conducted to determine the species of Leishmania, 52 samples of smears stained with Giemsa dye were collected from different laboratories in the cities of the province between 2013 and 2017 and were examined using light microscope for the presence of Leishman's body. After extracting the DNA present on the surface of slides, using specific primers LINR4 and LIN17, the species of Leishmania parasite was identified by PCR method. The data were analyzed using chi-score statistical test.

Out of 52 samples with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions, 26 (50%) were male and 26 (50%) were female. The mean age of the participants in the study was 23.32 years (with a standard deviation of ±18.42). Out of 52 samples, parasitic amastigotes (Leishman's body) were observed in 36 cases (69.2%) by direct observation using a light microscope and 43 samples (82.7%) were positive for PCR. Infectious species in all residents of Dehdasht and Yasuj were L. major and L. tropica in Gachsaran.

the results of the present study indicated that L.major and L.tropica species were the cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Dehdasht, Yasuj, and Gachsaran. Therefore, further studies are suggested to identify vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis parasites in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran.

Leishmaniasis, a common parasitic disease between humans and animals, which is currently one of the major health problems in many parts of Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Aran and Bidgol and the effects of climatic factors on that during 2016-2019.

This cross-sectional study was performed by referring to the health records of 964 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Aran and Bidgol during 2016-2019 and epidemiological information was recorded. In addition, the climatic characteristics of the study area, including temperature, humidity, and precipitation were collected from the meteorological station of the study area. Then correlation analysis was performed between meteorological elements and the incidence of the disease. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

60% of the patients were male. The age group of 0-10 years had the highest frequency (23.9%) among patients. Also, 47.7% of the patients had a history of traveling to endemic areas and the highest rate of leishmaniasis was related to urban residents. There was also a weak positive correlation between humidity and rainfall with leishmaniasis incidence (r = +0.55).  A weak negative correlation was also observed between temperature of the environment and leishmaniasis incidence (r = -0.42).

Due to the significant increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis in recent years in the area, as well as the appropriate ecological conditions of the area for sand fly activity, it is recommended to conduct the necessary training to observe health in hot seasons and field controls, such as baiting.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the Zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. This disease is prevalent in many parts of the world, particularly in Iran. The present study aimed to assess the trend of CL in Gerash, Iran, during 2007-2020.

This study was conducted based on a secondary design. The following data were collected: patient’s age, gender, number and location of sores, disease type and reservoir, place of residence, and type of Construction. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24).

Out of 562 patients, 276 cases were male, and 286 subjects were female. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was diagnosed clinically and based on laboratory tests in 48.6% and 51.4% of the cases, respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence rates were detected in the age groups of below 10, and over 61 years, respectively. The highest frequency of lesions was in patients with urban leishmaniasis and the most affected areas were hand and face (30.56%).  Moreover, 66% and 34% of patients were infected with urban and rural types of disease, respectively. Furthermore, 61.21% of patients were living in newly-built houses, and the rest were residing in old buildings. In addition, 33% and 67% of them resided in rural and urban areas, respectively.

Due to the high prevalence of CL in Gerash and its increase in 2017, there is a need for coherent planning and effective health measures by the officials of different organizations and public participation to prevent the spread of this disease

Due to the importance of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the national leishmaniasis project began in 2007 in Iran. The aim of the present study was to evaluate community interventions in changes in the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan Province from 2002 to 2018: an Interrupted time series regression analysis.

The present study was a repeated cross-sectional study. The incidence and 95% confidence interval were used to describe the disease trend. Data were entered into the Excel and analyzed using STATA14 software at a significance level of 5%. Intermittent time series regression analysis was used to evaluate community interventions in changes of leishmaniasis incidence.

from 2002 to 2018, the data of 43,904 patients with leishmaniasis was registered in Isfahan Health Centers. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 23.99 (19.03) years. The incidence had a decreasing trend after the interventions in all affiliated cities and the whole province.

The preventive intervention programs of the provincial health center have been rather successful and have reduced the incidence of the disease in the years after the intervention, so that despite the large number of confounding and influential factors regarding this disease, preventive intervention programs have led to disease control according to the reported annual incidence.

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious diseases caused by different species of the Leishmania, which is a public health problem worldwide. So far, no effective vaccine is introduced for this disease and drug therapy is associated with many side effects. Therefore, this study was designed to identify novel FDA-approved compounds with anti-leishmanial activity.

In this experimental study, proteomics, protein network analysis, and molecular docking were used. Protein profile was identified by LC-MS/MS and protein network analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Processing of the compound structure and molecular docking was performed by HyperChem and AutoDock Vina, respectively. Finally, docking results were interpreted by LigPlot+.

Based on proteomics and protein network analysis, glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was suggested as a potential drug target. Among the compounds, the best docking results were associated with Conivaptan and Avodart with a binding energy level of -10.5 and -10.2, respectively. Also, molecular docking studies showed that the most important bonds involved in drug-receptor binding were hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds.

The current study demonstrated the importance of integrated proteomics, protein network and docking to identify novel compounds with anti-Leishmania properties. According to this study, Conivaptan and Avodart, also approved by the Food and Drug Administration, are effective inhibitors of glycosomal malate dehydrogenase in Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica which meanwhile require further in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the endemic diseases in Iran and every year a large number of children under10years of age are infected with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive behavior of leishmaniasis based on the PRECEDE model in families with children under 10 years.

The present study is a cross sectional study that was performed on240Families with children under 10 years old in the Sankhast ward of North Khorasan province. The data collection tool was a researcher questionnaire that included demographic questions and structures of the questionnaire model (knowledge, attitude, reinforcing factor, and enabling factor). Sampling was performed in several steps. Data was entered into SPSS16 software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regressions.

The highest mean a score was obtained by the reinforcing factor (24.3 ± 22.80) and the lowest mean a score was obtained in the performance section (48.46 ± 15.66). The results of the regression model showed that knowledge (0.28), attitude (0.16), and enabling factors (0.14) had the highest predictive power of mothers in controlling and preventing disease, respectively. Overall, the structures of the PRECEDE model predicted21%of the variance of the preventive behavior of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The PRECEDE model is a good theoretical framework for the prevention of leishmaniasis. Designing and implementing an educational program based on the PRECEDE model in the population at risk will be an effective step in controlling leishmaniasis. Because the prevalence of leishmaniasis is higher in rural areas, it is more important to consider the conditions of the rural people in order to implement the educational program

Environmental conditions in different geographical areas provide a basis for the spread of some diseases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a serious threat to public health and is one of the arthropod-borne diseases. The prevalence and distribution of this disease is affected by environmental and climatic factors. The aim of this study was to model the Spatio-temporal variations in the incidence rate of this disease based on environmental and ecological criteria. 

The northeast of Iran was selected as the study area. The data used in this study included vegetation, surface temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, digital elevation model and sunny hours. The artificial neural network method was used to model the spatio-temporal changes of cutaneous leishmaniasis. 

Spatial variations in the incidence of the disease had a north-south trend and decreased from north to south. In addition, two foci were identified in the medium altitude areas in North and South Khorasan provinces. Temporal variations in the incidence of disease in the study period showed that the incidence rate decreased in the two identified foci from 2011 to 2016. 

The modeling results showed that the estimated regression coefficient was 0.92 for neural network based on all three types of data (training, validation, test) indicating good quality of constructed neural network.  In addition, sensitivity analysis results showed that sunny hours and soil moisture were the most important factors in the model function.