جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پدیدارشناسی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The changes made during old age sometimes lead to severe physical and mental deficiencies and to disability and reduced ability to deal with difficulties and common events. Psychological and physical disorders in the elderly are high due to various social exclusions, low quality of life, cognitive disorders, physical disability and physical disorders. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lived perception of the elderly about physical health: a phenomenological study.

The method of the present study is qualitative, phenomenological. The study population is all elderly people of Khorram Abad city in 2019. The sampling method is "targeted". In order to collect data, "in-depth individual interview" was used. Data coding, recorded interviews, implementation, classification, clustering and organization were used in this study. Then, using the method of thematic analysis, the data collected based on the questions and objectives of the research, were categorized and interpreted in relation to each other, and based on that, they were divided into main and secondary contents related to the physical and mental health of the elderly. It was found.

In the data analysis and presentation of the findings, it was observed that the physical health of the elderly based on their perception, two main dimensions were extracted: physical physical, functional physical. These dimensions were extracted from seventeen main themes, which were identified for the physical component of "self-care ability, not having a chronic disease, and meeting nutritional and medical needs". In the functional physical component, these themes are "having stable relationships with others and having free time".

The results show that paying attention to the social interactions of the elderly plays an important role in their physical health, because by creating platforms for their social participation, it increases their physical strength, as well as their sense of effectiveness, usefulness and, as a result, satisfaction with their lives. strengthens

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

COVID-19 quickly spread all over the world and became a major public health problem in many countries of the world, including Iran. Considering that spirituality can act like a shield against stressors and help people to cope with the disease more effectively, the purpose of this research was to analyze the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of covid-19.

This study was qualitative and was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenology approach. In this study, 14 people with a history of COVID-19 were selected to participate in the study using targeted sampling method. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data analysis was done using the seven-step method of Diekelmann et al. All ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

According to the results, the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of COVID-19 can be explained with 3 themes of parapsychic experiences, invocation, and spiritual dreams. Also, in this study, a constructive pattern called "Experiencing the Holy" was developed.

The findings of this study provide a deep insight into the spiritual life experiences of patients with a history of COVID-19. The constructive pattern of "Experiencing the Holy" and its 3 themes highlight the deep influence of spirituality on experiences and recovery from illness and emphasize the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of patients in health care settings and the role of spirituality in dealing with illness and promoting spirituality.

Empty nest syndrome (SEN) in Iranian older adults is becoming an important social phenomenon. Although it is not a clinical disorder, it can affect a person’s life and lead to depression, alcoholism, marital conflicts, and identity crisis. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of older adults with SEN in Iran.

This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.7 years (6 males and 11 females) suffering from ENS in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Sampling was done purposefully and until reaching theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data regarding lived experiences.

Six main themes (existential crisis, emotional turmoil, cognitive disorientation, functional decline, disruption in interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with the transition period) and 23 sub-themes were extracted.

Understanding of Iranian older adults’ experiences of ENS can provide valuable insights to gerontologists and practitioners in fields of psychology, counseling, and social work to develop future interventions for these older adults and enhance their quality of life.

Aims and </strong> The management of all organizations and especially the different levels of the health system is crucial in providing effective and quality services, and in this regard, acquiring leadership skills to physicians working in different levels of management is of particular importance. The present study, while analyzing the lived experience of management physicians, examines their perception of leadership and the necessary skills and competencies.
</strong> This study is based on a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method, by studying the experiences of manager physicians (hospitals, clinics and staff) at different levels. Based on this, the lived experiences of 12 manager physicians of leadership problems and educational needs in medical centers have been reviewed using semi-structured interviews. In order to trustworthiness of the research data, the trustworthiness criterion was used with two methods of reviewing participants (10 people) and reviewing non-participating experts (4 people) in the research. This research has been done by outstanding cases purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed based on the seven-step Colaizi strategy.
</strong> From data analysis, 123 codes, one main theme and 12 sub-themes were obtained. The main theme showed: Skills training in human interactions, as an extract of leadership skills in the health system is the educational need of physicians. Sub-themes of this educational need are Perception and impression management, professional ethics, conflict management and problem solving, informal organization awareness, communication skills, cultural management, creativity, motivation, emotional intelligence, change management, emotion management, participatory management.
</strong> Based on the results of this research, it can be said; paying attention to leadership skills and training them in the medical education curriculum as well as retraining courses for managerial physicians will enhance the effectiveness of managers.

The academic promotion of faculty members is directly related to the promotion of universities, especially medical universities that are responsible for educating medical students. In this regard, this study aims to explore the barriers, solutions and effective motivational factors in the process of academic promotion for clinical faculty members in Iran.

This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews with 9 clinical professors from Jahrom University of Medical Sciences who were experienced the promotion process were used to collect data. The collected information was analyzed based on Colaizzi’s seven-step method.

Based on the analysis, 69 primary codes and semantic units were extracted which led to identifying 10 main themes and 23 sub-themes in three areas of barriers to promotion (lack of knowledge of professors regarding the promotion process, lack of human resources, structural challenges, regulation challenges, audit board challenges), solutions to overcome barriers (increasing professors’ awareness, developing facilities, modifying the evaluation system), and motivational factors (Intrinsic and extrinsic factors). 

The findings of the present research revealed a new perspective on the challenges of type 3 universities in Iran regarding the academic promotion process for clinical professors. To improve the process, it is recommended that, the awareness of professors about the promotion regulations and their indicators and clauses should be increased by holding workshops. Experts should be assigned to help them. The promotion regulations should be modified according to the status and characteristics of clinical professors. Intrinsic motivational factors including the salary and the reward system should be strengthened for them.

One of the sensitive periods of life is aging, associated with a wide range of physiological and psychological changes. In recent years, the care of older adults has undergone changes, and a number of older people live in nursing homes, which have unique challenges and characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the experience of older adults in nursing homes. This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological method. The statistical population of the present study included all older adults living in nursing homes in Tehran, Iran. Using the purposive sampling method, we continued recruiting until reaching the saturation stage. Finally, 11 people were recruited as the sample group. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with Colaizzi’s 7-step method. The findings of the research were categorized in three categories: (1) identifying the challenges and problems of older adults in nursing homes, with three main themes and 13 sub-themes, (2) identifying effective factors and solutions to improve the quality of life of older adults, with three main themes and 10 sub-themes, and (3) hope and prospects for the future, with one main theme and two sub-themes. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that older adults living in nursing homes have special conditions and characteristics, making it necessary to take measures to increase the quality of life of older adults living in nursing homes according to the suggestions of the present research.

Technological advancements have greatly aided patients in various ways to address and control life-threatening conditions. One such biomedical technology is ventilators. Over time, the number of patients requiring ventilators for their respiratory support has increased. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of a patient with spinal cord injury dependent on a ventilator.

This qualitative case study focuses on the lived experiences of a 31-year-old male who has relied on ventilator-assisted breathing for 23 years and has been hospitalized during this time. Data was collected through semi-structured interactive interviews. Data analysis was conducted using a phenomenological approach inspired by Van Manen.

From the analysis of the data, 170 meaningful units were identified, leading to three main themes: "fears and concerns", "satisfaction with agency", "life goes on", and eight sub-themes: "initial hard days, struggle with death, respiratory suffering, joy of training and Learning, participating in care, a family in the hospital, I'm comfortable on a ventilator, and living within God's eyes”.

Knowing about the experiences of ventilator-dependent patients leads to a better understanding of nurses and other caregivers towards these patients. Reducing stressful factors (constant monitoring, being on time at the bedside, helping the family to be with the patient and getting familiar with the environment), creating a situation for the client to have a sense of control, participation and hope in life (providing situations for decision making and the patient's participation in the care, the formation of learning opportunities, responding to spiritual needs and its cultivation) can provide them with sweet and satisfying moments.

Accepting the fact that a member of the family has heart disease and the stress of living with a heart patient can be so effective in the family that it might change its nature. In this context, the present research was conducted to discover and identify the patient's and his family's lived experience with acute exposure to one type of heart disease.

The present study was a qualitative research conducted through phenomenological analysis method in 2019 in Tehran. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding 6 patients hospitalized in the special care department of Baqiyatullah Hospital and 4 people accompanying the patients until the data saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA 20 software.

Based on the findings of this research, 19 sub-themes and 7 main themes were obtained regarding the initial experiences of cardiovascular problems (malfunction)and internal states related to cardiovascular disease, the initial experience of the family related to cardiovascular disease, the atmosphere of Participants' life before experiencing cardiovascular disease, life experiences before experiencing cardiovascular disease, perceived changes after experiencing cardiovascular disease, and finally, facing the experience of cardiovascular disease.

The obtained results showed that suffering from cardiovascular diseases has wide psychological, social, and family consequences for the individual and their family. For this purpose, it is necessary to pay special attention to psychological aspects of these patients in addition to drug therapy.

A complex, ambiguous and unpredictable situation like Covid-19 has a profound effect on the physical and mental health of patients and their families. Considering the uncertainty of this disease, it is necessary to investigate the experience of the uncertainty of the disease in patients, for better management of this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the experience of uncertainty of the disease in patients with Covid-19.

A qualitative study was conducted using the descriptive-interpretive phenomenology approach and Van Menen's steps. Sampling started purposefully and continued until data saturation. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The six-step approach of "Van Menen" interpretive phenomenology was used to analyze the data.

Data saturation was achieved with the entry of 17 participants. 2 themes and 4 categories were extracted: the theme of the meaning of uncertainty in Covid-19; Enclosed in chains of tension and pain, intensifiers of the onslaught of uncertainty) and responding to the uncertainty of Covid-19; Developing experiences and personal growth and striving for inner solace.

Uncertainty of the disease among those suffering from Covid-19 is an unpleasant psychological experience and is associated with conflicting emotions. However, within this uncertainty, patients try to maintain hope for the future with different spiritual and psychosocial strategies.

What is important in the treatment of a chronic disease such as diabetes is to improve the patient's quality of life in addition to control the symptoms of the disease. The trouble that a child with a chronic disease such as diabetes imposes is a problem that cannot be recognized only from the doctor's point of view and depends on what the mother of the sick child feels. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the care factors of children with diabetes. In this research, the aim was to identify the care factors of children with diabetes based on the lived experiences of their mothers.

Methods and Materials:

 This study was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The participants were 16 mothers with diabetic children whose information was collected through a semi-structured interview. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and the data was analyzed by the Colaizzi method.

The findings obtained in 3 main themes and 6 sub-themes including individual characteristics (psychological-physical functioning and emotional-social functioning), family (interpersonal interactions and psychological and social problems), educational issues (concerns and needs) classification became.

The results of the present study showed that knowing the care factors in children with diabetes can provide the basis for adopting supportive and therapeutic measures for them.

Puberty health includes principles that lead to the monitoring and promotion of physical and mental health, and it is necessary to provide the necessary training to teenagers in this field. The current study has investigated the lived experience of female students from the neglect of puberty health in the health and hygiene curriculum.

This study is based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method, by studying students' lived experiences. Based on this, in 2022, the lived experiences of 19 twelfth-grade students have been investigated in West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces using semi-structured interviews. The selection of participants has been done using the purposeful snowball sampling method. In order to verify the trustworthiness of the research information, the reliability criterion was used with two review methods by 12 participants and a review by 4 non-participating experts in the research. For the analysis of the data, Colaizzi’s strategy has been used.

From the data analysis, 237 codes, 7 themes, and 56 sub-themes were obtained. The themes extracted from the research are general neglect of puberty education, the overcoming of traditional cultural limitations, the one-dimensionality of puberty education, the high skills of medical staff, unrealistic expectations from adolescents, obstacles to puberty education, and the necessity of puberty education.

Planning puberty health education based on the strengths of the medical staff, realism towards puberty, and public attention to its education is a necessity.

Muscular dystrophy is a common genetic condition that causes progressive loss of physical function. This study seeks to explore the lived experiences of boys with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah.

The research methodology used in this study is phenomenological. The sample size consists of ten boys diagnosed with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah. The sampling method was purposive, and data was collected through in-depth interviews.

Based on the data analysis, there are two main themes that emerged. The first theme is the Continuation of External Quality, with sub-themes including Broken Individual Communication, Corrupted Identity, Endless Everyday Life, Social Isolation, and Bio-fragility. The second theme is Feelings and Concerns, with sub-themes such as Feeling Anxiety, False Hope, No Surrender, and Shame and Fear of Losing Parents.

The study reveals that individuals with muscular dystrophy face unfavorable social and individual status. Therfore, it is important to enhance public spaces and urban transportation, ensure the implementation of laws that facilitate their employment, introduce social and cultural policies to change people's attitudes towards them, plan their capabilities through national media, review existing laws, and provide support packages to improve their situation. Additionally, the participation of NGOs should be facilitated to help reduce harm.

Physical activity and aerobic exercises have anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects in compensating for the problems and gaps caused by psychological issues among the older adult. Epidemiological studies show that physical activity is related to better mental health and flexibility against mental distress, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the analysis of the older adults about having physical activity in the neighborhood environment and the effect It depends on their old age and mental health.

The current research is qualitative and among interpretive studies that was carried out using the phenomenology research strategy. The data collection tool is an in-depth interview. In order to interpret and analyze the data obtained in this section, Dickelman, Allen, and Turner's approach was used. The target population in this research is older adults who have physical activity in the environment of the Ekhtiyarieh neighborhood in Tehran, who lived in the neighborhood for more than one year. 24 participants in this research were selected based on purposeful sampling between December 2020 and February 2022.

Physical activity in the neighborhood is a way to compensate for the gaps caused by aging, the main theme and physical activity in the neighborhood is a way to compensate for the fear of aging, physical activity in the neighborhood is a way to compensate for a lot of free time, Physical activity in the neighborhood to compensate for the neglect of the older adult, physical activity in the neighborhood for the activism of the older adult, and physical activity in the neighborhood environment are examples of the resilience of the sub-themes obtained in this research.

When older adults are physically active, their minds are distracted from daily stressors. Physical activity in the neighborhood is a solution that the older adults use to deal with mental injuries and voids caused by aging.

Research in the field of religion has always been accompanied by many complications, which is partly due to the lack of a single definition of this concept. In order to provide a precise definition of religion, we have to know its nature in people's minds. Personality is an important factor that affects the formation of mental perceptions in people. The aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the lived experience of religion in people with neurotic and borderline personality organization: a phenomenological study.

The present qualitative descriptive study was conducted by phenomenological method in 2019. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview and the sample group included 10 interviewees who were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups. People with neurotic personality organization (5 people) and borderline personality organization (5 people) were categorized. Interviews with each person lasted between 120 and 420 minutes and were conducted on one to six occasions. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation and a total of 2890 minutes of interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed by Moustakas method.

The most important categories discovered in the border organization included individual-centered religiosity, religious instability, religious excitement, and a fragmented one-dimensional God. People with borderline personality organization have an unstable image of God in their mind and their relationship with God changes under the influence of momentary emotions. The most important categories obtained in the neurotic organization were duty-oriented religiosity, religious perfectionism, religiosity based on suspicion and relatively consistent God. The image of God in the minds of people with neurotic personality organization is highly stable; The integrity of the idea of God makes a person's relationship with God not affected by momentary emotions.

The results of the present study revealed that religion had different qualities in the minds of people with different personality organizations and despite these differences in belief and behavior, people at all levels consider themselves believers in the same religion. The results indicated that at the lower levels of the spectrum of personality organization, personality acts as a vessel in which the content of religion is poured and religion takes on the color of personality, and people's interpretation of religion and the quality of their religious behavior is based on their personality and as we move towards higher levels of personality organization, a dialogue takes place between religion and personality, which causes personality to be influenced by religion.

In the last two decades, religious behaviors have beenstudied as factors affecting lifestyle and improving mental health,and various researchers have sought to identify behaviors that havethe greatest impact on lifestyle and mental health components. Oneof these religious behaviors that has been of interest in Islam ispraying in congregation. The present study was conducted with theaim of explaining the phenomenology of the effects andconsequences of congregational prayer and its effects on thelifestyle and mental health of students, employees and facultymembers of Farhangian University of Ardabil province.

This research is practical in terms ofpurpose and phenomenological in terms of method. In this research,in order to investigate the effects and psychological-socialconsequences of congregational prayer, 24 expert andknowledgeable people were used, using criteria-based purposefulsampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collectiontools were semi-structured interviews and scientific documents.And in order to analyze the data, it was done using the themeanalysis method and using open, axial and selective coding in theMAXQDA2018 software. The validity of the research findings wasensured by using methods of review by members, peer review, andthe collaborative nature of the research. Also, in order to measurethe reliability of the done codings, retesting and intrasubjectagreement methods were used, which obtained 80 percent and 79percent, respectively. Since they were higher than 70 percent, itsreliability was confirmed.

The results showed that the number of primary conceptsobtained from the interviews was 73 concepts, in the form of threemain individual themes including sub-themes (closeness to God,commitment to Islamic ethics and human excellence), social andfamily themes including sub-themes ( Social cohesion, increasingmorale and strengthening social (psychological) harmony weredivided into sub-themes (decreasing psycho-physical tensions,mental health and moral virtue).

Based on the obtained results and for the practicalapplication and use of Namaz works in different dimensions of lifein the society, the serious will of influential factors in this field isnecessary.

Medical resources are directly related to health of society and the book as one of the main sources has great importance. This study has been conducted to investigate pathology of medical sciences books publishing status and also identification of content, cultural and technical production challenges of these books in Iran from the viewpoint of publishers.

The present study in terms of purpose, approach, and method is applicable, qualitative and phenomenology. The research tool has been semi - structured interview and community were publishers of medical sciences books in two sections academic (Five) and private (eight) publishers. The interviews continued until the data saturation stage (13 interviews). First, open and axial coding was performed, which finally extracted 402 codes and then was categorized into 74 categories, which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

The field of content production faced the most important challenges (53%), in which policy making absence (24 repetitions, 16%), no domestic high percentage of medical publication (23 repetitions, 16%), and the lack of expertise in medical publishers (11 repetitions, 7%), were declared by publishers. The problems of cultural production were in the second place with 39% and respectively include specialized and costly editing of the book, the lack of professional referees and the lack of structured review rules with 22 repetitions equivalent to 46%, 8 repetitions equivalent to 17% and 6 repetitions equivalent to 13%. The challenges of the technical production sector are reflected with a number equal to 8% of the total problems, which include the problems of raw materials printing and publishing (11 repetitions, 48%), lack of printing and publishing technology (5 repetitions, 23%) and the lack of technical expertise staff (3 repetitions, 13 percent).

According to the findings of this study and the revealed funds of damages in the medical publishing industry, it can be concluded that many publishing challenges in Iran are rooted in general policies, rules and culture. Therefore, more serious attention to the professional field of medical publishing from the government and unbiased policy making in order to divert the concerns of publishers can solve many obstacles and difficulties.

Higher education institutions today face many challenges, including growing expectations about the quality of education programs. On the other hand, the professional development of faculty members is the key to improving the quality of education. The present study aimed to provide a model of professional self-development for university faculty members.

The was a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data and information. The study participants consisted of a purposeful sample of academic experts who were faculty members. Data collection was continued until theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding methods have been used.

In all 16 interviews were conducted. The following themes emerged from the analysis: professional self-development competencies (professional meaning-making, professional valuation, professional purposefulness, professional knowledge, professional skills, professional communication, professional ethics and professional behavior), self-development action and implementation (self-learning, e-learning, training, Learning in action, learning from colleagues, mentoring, study opportunities, participation in conferences), self-development planning (self-evaluation, self-planning and professional self-change), desire for self-development (desire based on learning and progress, based on internal motivation, based on work relationships and based on external motivation) and factors affecting self-development (individual, technological and virtual, international, organizational and environmental factors).

Based on the findings of the present research, it is concluded that the professional self-development of faculty members is an integrated model consisting of a set of factors that together make self-development possible.

Educating a generation for another generation can be considered an investment of one generation for another generation and their development, growth awareness, and potential abilities. The educational system has a heavy task, so this implies that the most appropriate methods must be used in designing and implementing its activities. Students are taught and evaluated in medical schools according to their own methods. However, most of these methods are no longer usable with the COVID-19 pandemic, and new methods should inevitably replace traditional ones. This study aimed to explain the viewpoint of Yazd dental students about studying during the COVID-19 epidemic.

A phenomenological approach was used in this study to explain the perspective of Yazd dental students regarding studying during the COVID-19 epidemic. The data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews of 10 clinical students of Shahid Sadoughi Dental School in Yazd, even virtual by phone or in person. The interviews were transcribed after recording, and the sentences and statements related to the study objective were extracted, coded, and classified. The data were analyzed by the content analysis method.

 As a result of analyzing the data, seven main themes emerged: management during COVID-19, extracurricular activities, academic activities, protocols, scientific education, virtual education, anxiety, and worries.

According to the results, dental students were satisfied with e-learning, the Navid system and e-evaluation and their biggest concern during the holidays was academic retardation.

Acquired disability is a peculia phenomenon that can lead to different personal and social experiences. This phenomenon, which is caused accidentally, poses serious challenges to an independent person who was able to do his/her tasks and leads to different and deep experiences for the disabled person, family, and relatives. This study was to explore lived experience and the meaning that disability has for people who experienced acquired disability. 

This research has been carried out with phenomenological methods as a qualitative research method. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight acquired disabled individuals. The research participants were selected through purposeful sampling and the snowball method. Data collection was continued until saturation.

The data obtained from the interview was analyzed by thematic analysis and after analyzing and coding and combining them, abstracted into seven main themes, including living in suffering, disbelief to limitation, return to childhood, volatile hope, supportive spouse/mother, destiny and social construction of disability. 

People with acquired disabilities have peculiar experiences that are often tough, and makes enduring living very painful. Comparing current and previous conditions doubles the suffering they experience. Despite this, they keep hope for better living conditions and try to adapt to the new situation.