جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پدیدارشناسی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

In recent years, the use of cannabis among teenagers has been on the rise, being considered one of the health-social challenges of the country. The present study aimed at providing a better understanding of the causes of teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis by looking at the life experiences of those who consume it.

This qualitative study utilized a descriptive phenomenological method, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 11 teenagers aged 17-20 years old who used cannabis at least once a week in Mashhad city (Iran) in 2022. Participants were selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data collection continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage, and the collected data were analyzed by the coding method.

The analysis of the participants’ experiences led to the identification of 136 primary codes, 30 sub-categories, 11 main categories, and 2 core categories. The core categories included intrapersonal components and interpersonal-extrapersonal components in relation to teenagers’ tendency to use cannabis. Main categories included cognitive distortion regarding the effects of cannabis, low mood frustration, lack of a specific work plan, having an unstable personality, unawareness of the harmful nature of cannabis, usage to cope with emotional problems, usage to cope with parental conflicts, peer influence on usage, justification of usage by modeling after prominent figures, and accessibility (easy access) leading to increased usage.

Exploring the experiences and views of adolescents who consume cannabis in intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal domains provided more knowledge about different indicators of cannabis consumption among teenagers. Considering the obtained components can serve as a helpful first step in developing efficient intervention measures according to the identified needs.

Identifying the media needs of the elderly is essential for effective policymaking and planning to achieve healthy aging. Therefore, this research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the media needs of the elderly based on their lived experiences.

the phenomenological method was used with purposive sampling. Thirty-four elderly people aged 60 to 75 years participated in semi-structured interviews in the city of Isfahan in the year 1403. Following the data collection, theColaizzi method was employed for analysis. The validity of the data was confirmed by the techniques of variability, reliability and alignment of researchers.

After extracting and classifying the data, seven main themes including imagery, culturalization, representation based on well-being, content creation, communication enhancement, skill enhancement and spirituality enhancement were revealed. These main themes encompassed 22 sub-themes, including environmental, service, supervisory, financial, therapeutic, psychological, reducing generational gaps, acceptance of elderly care homes, self-efficacy, self-care, biography writing, vitality, information enhancement, information exchange, filling leisure time, reflecting challenges, strengthening, improving and facilitating communication, enhancement of skills and spiritual intelligence.

The breadth of concepts related to the media needs of the elderly indicates the necessity for policymaking, planning, and action by media people to direct governmental and civil organizations toward addressing those needs and assisting the elderly in achieving healthy aging.
Keywords: need, media, elderly, phenomenology.

The COVID-19 pandemic, with its sudden widespread shocked the whole world, especially the health care systems. Considering the vital role that nurses in the intensive care units played for COVID-19 patients, a deep understanding of nurses' lived experiences can help to improve their skills in dealing with stressful situations and the quality of patient care. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore nurses' experiences in the intensive care units caring for patients with COVID-19.

This was a qualitative study. Fifteen intensive care unit nurses were purposively selected. In-depth and semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. The text of the interviews was recorded and analyzed using the hermeneutic approach and the Diekelmann method.

Ten participants were women and five were men. The mean age of the participants was 32 years and the mean work experience in the critical department was six years. The three main themes that emerged from the data analysis in this study included conflicting emotions, the emergence of a new image of nursing, and the crystallization of professional nursing.

Working in difficult and unknown conditions with countless challenges has resulted in mental and physical health decline in intensive care unit nurses. However, nurses who demonstrated a spirit of sacrifice did not abandon their diligent efforts to combat this unknown enemy and fulfilled their professional responsibilities to provide paramount care to patients. In doing so, the nurses showed society a new image of nursing. The results can be applied to management policies when planning for the future.

Divorce is not just a single event, but is a long process in which all family members, including children, suffer from a loss and failure, which can lead to intergenerational transmission of instability in the marital life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experiences of teenagers with their parents' divorce experience in Yazd City.

The present study was a phenomenological study of lived experiences of twelve teenage participants of Yazd City in 2023 who experienced parental divorce. Data have been extracted and collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method.

The findings of this research showed that Iranian teenagers experience problems in different fields after their parents' divorce that can be classified in seven categories including cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/coping, psychological/emotional, family, social and contextual challenges. According to the findings, the continuation of post-traumatic growth in adolescents with parental divorce requires the formulation of multilateral interventions centered on the identified themes.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that divorce has many negative consequences such as cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/confrontational, psychological/emotional, family, social, and contextual challenges for family. Teenagers may suffer more emotional and psychological trauma due to being in critical situations.

 One of the most fundamental challenges in many fields of ethics is defining and presenting the definition of ethical concepts. One of these concepts that has been mentioned as a moral virtue since long ago is the concept of courage. Courage as an educational and moral concept is ambiguous and complicated in definition. The purpose of this article is to explain the definition of courage with a phenomenological approach and with a look at common life behaviors.

 The research has been done by content analysis method and using library studies and reports, books and related articles in this field.

Ethical Considerations:

 In the preparation of the article, ethical principles, especially trustworthiness in citing texts and maintaining the originality of the article, have been observed.

 In recent decades, various methods have been expressed and recommended for defining concepts. In this regard, one of the schools of thought that has been able to solve many conceptual complexities with its own method is the phenomenology method, which emphasizes first-person experience in defining concepts. In this essay, after stating the basic principles of the phenomenology method, we have defined the concept of courage by using this method and personal experiences.

 According to the four elements obtained in the phenomenological method, courage can be considered as any action for which I find a talent in myself and with confidence in my abilities and believing in the action I want to do, I do it freely. In this case, that behavior is courageously in my opinion and I consider myself brave.

The birth of a child with special needs deviates thefrom the normal functions of the family due to the imposition of high levels of stress and anxiety from its evolutionary process. Among these, mothers pay a series of problems as the cost of caring for these children due to their closeness and being more engaged engagmad in parenting duties. This study aimedThe aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of the problems experienced by mothers with children with autism.

The present study was based on qualitative methods and a phenomenological paradigm. The statistical population of the research included all mothers with autistic children (care and education centers for autistic children under welfare supervision) of Ardabil province in 2022, and 17 mothers up to the saturation stage were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method.

Six main themes regarding the life experiences of mothers with children with autism, along with 20 sub-themes, were identified the main themes, including impact on the family with six sub-themes; social and stigma issues with three sub-themes; Diagnostic and therapeutic problems with three sub-themes; Educational, educational and recreational problems with three sub-themes; Economic problems with three sub-themes and Mothers concern for children with autism with two sub-themes.

Based on the results, it can be stated that mothers with children with autism spectrum experience painful experiences and psychosocial, family, educational, and financial worries about caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder. These factors show the necessity of paying more attention to these mothers in the mentioned areas.

The changes made during old age sometimes lead to severe physical and mental deficiencies and to disability and reduced ability to deal with difficulties and common events. Psychological and physical disorders in the elderly are high due to various social exclusions, low quality of life, cognitive disorders, physical disability and physical disorders. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lived perception of the elderly about physical health: a phenomenological study.

The method of the present study is qualitative, phenomenological. The study population is all elderly people of Khorram Abad city in 2019. The sampling method is "targeted". In order to collect data, "in-depth individual interview" was used. Data coding, recorded interviews, implementation, classification, clustering and organization were used in this study. Then, using the method of thematic analysis, the data collected based on the questions and objectives of the research, were categorized and interpreted in relation to each other, and based on that, they were divided into main and secondary contents related to the physical and mental health of the elderly. It was found.

In the data analysis and presentation of the findings, it was observed that the physical health of the elderly based on their perception, two main dimensions were extracted: physical physical, functional physical. These dimensions were extracted from seventeen main themes, which were identified for the physical component of "self-care ability, not having a chronic disease, and meeting nutritional and medical needs". In the functional physical component, these themes are "having stable relationships with others and having free time".

The results show that paying attention to the social interactions of the elderly plays an important role in their physical health, because by creating platforms for their social participation, it increases their physical strength, as well as their sense of effectiveness, usefulness and, as a result, satisfaction with their lives. strengthens

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

COVID-19 quickly spread all over the world and became a major public health problem in many countries of the world, including Iran. Considering that spirituality can act like a shield against stressors and help people to cope with the disease more effectively, the purpose of this research was to analyze the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of covid-19.

This study was qualitative and was conducted using a hermeneutic phenomenology approach. In this study, 14 people with a history of COVID-19 were selected to participate in the study using targeted sampling method. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The data analysis was done using the seven-step method of Diekelmann et al. All ethical considerations were observed in this research, and the authors did not report any conflicts of interest.

According to the results, the spiritual life experiences of people with a history of COVID-19 can be explained with 3 themes of parapsychic experiences, invocation, and spiritual dreams. Also, in this study, a constructive pattern called "Experiencing the Holy" was developed.

The findings of this study provide a deep insight into the spiritual life experiences of patients with a history of COVID-19. The constructive pattern of "Experiencing the Holy" and its 3 themes highlight the deep influence of spirituality on experiences and recovery from illness and emphasize the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of patients in health care settings and the role of spirituality in dealing with illness and promoting spirituality.

Today, despite the use of protocols and checklists related to surgical safety, the phenomenon of "retained surgical items" is still reported as one of the complications of surgeries. Despite its low incidence, this complication has irreparable consequences for the patient and the health system. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the lived experience of operating room nurses regarding the phenomenon of "retained surgical items" in patients' bodies.

This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenological method in 2023-2024 in all Hamedan University of Medical Sciences affiliated hospitals. Ten operating room nurses were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, and then data analysis was done using the Colaizzi method.

After analyzing the data, 2 main themes and 5 sub-themes related to "retained surgical items" were extracted. The two main themes are mental and emotional reactions and professional attitude.

Considering the importance of patient safety on the one hand and the increasing spread of surgeries worldwide on the other, the results of our study are expected to increase by revealing the attitude and psychological reactions of operating room nurses while helping them improve their weak points. The quality of care in the surgery field will help increase patients' safety in the mentioned field.

The academic promotion of faculty members is directly related to the promotion of universities, especially medical universities that are responsible for educating medical students. In this regard, this study aims to explore the barriers, solutions and effective motivational factors in the process of academic promotion for clinical faculty members in Iran.

This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews with 9 clinical professors from Jahrom University of Medical Sciences who were experienced the promotion process were used to collect data. The collected information was analyzed based on Colaizzi’s seven-step method.

Based on the analysis, 69 primary codes and semantic units were extracted which led to identifying 10 main themes and 23 sub-themes in three areas of barriers to promotion (lack of knowledge of professors regarding the promotion process, lack of human resources, structural challenges, regulation challenges, audit board challenges), solutions to overcome barriers (increasing professors’ awareness, developing facilities, modifying the evaluation system), and motivational factors (Intrinsic and extrinsic factors). 

The findings of the present research revealed a new perspective on the challenges of type 3 universities in Iran regarding the academic promotion process for clinical professors. To improve the process, it is recommended that, the awareness of professors about the promotion regulations and their indicators and clauses should be increased by holding workshops. Experts should be assigned to help them. The promotion regulations should be modified according to the status and characteristics of clinical professors. Intrinsic motivational factors including the salary and the reward system should be strengthened for them.

Aims and </strong> The management of all organizations and especially the different levels of the health system is crucial in providing effective and quality services, and in this regard, acquiring leadership skills to physicians working in different levels of management is of particular importance. The present study, while analyzing the lived experience of management physicians, examines their perception of leadership and the necessary skills and competencies.
</strong> This study is based on a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method, by studying the experiences of manager physicians (hospitals, clinics and staff) at different levels. Based on this, the lived experiences of 12 manager physicians of leadership problems and educational needs in medical centers have been reviewed using semi-structured interviews. In order to trustworthiness of the research data, the trustworthiness criterion was used with two methods of reviewing participants (10 people) and reviewing non-participating experts (4 people) in the research. This research has been done by outstanding cases purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed based on the seven-step Colaizi strategy.
</strong> From data analysis, 123 codes, one main theme and 12 sub-themes were obtained. The main theme showed: Skills training in human interactions, as an extract of leadership skills in the health system is the educational need of physicians. Sub-themes of this educational need are Perception and impression management, professional ethics, conflict management and problem solving, informal organization awareness, communication skills, cultural management, creativity, motivation, emotional intelligence, change management, emotion management, participatory management.
</strong> Based on the results of this research, it can be said; paying attention to leadership skills and training them in the medical education curriculum as well as retraining courses for managerial physicians will enhance the effectiveness of managers.

Empty nest syndrome (SEN) in Iranian older adults is becoming an important social phenomenon. Although it is not a clinical disorder, it can affect a person’s life and lead to depression, alcoholism, marital conflicts, and identity crisis. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of older adults with SEN in Iran.

This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.7 years (6 males and 11 females) suffering from ENS in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Sampling was done purposefully and until reaching theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data regarding lived experiences.

Six main themes (existential crisis, emotional turmoil, cognitive disorientation, functional decline, disruption in interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with the transition period) and 23 sub-themes were extracted.

Understanding of Iranian older adults’ experiences of ENS can provide valuable insights to gerontologists and practitioners in fields of psychology, counseling, and social work to develop future interventions for these older adults and enhance their quality of life.

One of the sensitive periods of life is aging, associated with a wide range of physiological and psychological changes. In recent years, the care of older adults has undergone changes, and a number of older people live in nursing homes, which have unique challenges and characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the experience of older adults in nursing homes. This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological method. The statistical population of the present study included all older adults living in nursing homes in Tehran, Iran. Using the purposive sampling method, we continued recruiting until reaching the saturation stage. Finally, 11 people were recruited as the sample group. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with Colaizzi’s 7-step method. The findings of the research were categorized in three categories: (1) identifying the challenges and problems of older adults in nursing homes, with three main themes and 13 sub-themes, (2) identifying effective factors and solutions to improve the quality of life of older adults, with three main themes and 10 sub-themes, and (3) hope and prospects for the future, with one main theme and two sub-themes. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that older adults living in nursing homes have special conditions and characteristics, making it necessary to take measures to increase the quality of life of older adults living in nursing homes according to the suggestions of the present research.

Technological advancements have greatly aided patients in various ways to address and control life-threatening conditions. One such biomedical technology is ventilators. Over time, the number of patients requiring ventilators for their respiratory support has increased. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences of a patient with spinal cord injury dependent on a ventilator.

This qualitative case study focuses on the lived experiences of a 31-year-old male who has relied on ventilator-assisted breathing for 23 years and has been hospitalized during this time. Data was collected through semi-structured interactive interviews. Data analysis was conducted using a phenomenological approach inspired by Van Manen.

From the analysis of the data, 170 meaningful units were identified, leading to three main themes: "fears and concerns", "satisfaction with agency", "life goes on", and eight sub-themes: "initial hard days, struggle with death, respiratory suffering, joy of training and Learning, participating in care, a family in the hospital, I'm comfortable on a ventilator, and living within God's eyes”.

Knowing about the experiences of ventilator-dependent patients leads to a better understanding of nurses and other caregivers towards these patients. Reducing stressful factors (constant monitoring, being on time at the bedside, helping the family to be with the patient and getting familiar with the environment), creating a situation for the client to have a sense of control, participation and hope in life (providing situations for decision making and the patient's participation in the care, the formation of learning opportunities, responding to spiritual needs and its cultivation) can provide them with sweet and satisfying moments.

Accepting the fact that a member of the family has heart disease and the stress of living with a heart patient can be so effective in the family that it might change its nature. In this context, the present research was conducted to discover and identify the patient's and his family's lived experience with acute exposure to one type of heart disease.

The present study was a qualitative research conducted through phenomenological analysis method in 2019 in Tehran. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding 6 patients hospitalized in the special care department of Baqiyatullah Hospital and 4 people accompanying the patients until the data saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA 20 software.

Based on the findings of this research, 19 sub-themes and 7 main themes were obtained regarding the initial experiences of cardiovascular problems (malfunction)and internal states related to cardiovascular disease, the initial experience of the family related to cardiovascular disease, the atmosphere of Participants' life before experiencing cardiovascular disease, life experiences before experiencing cardiovascular disease, perceived changes after experiencing cardiovascular disease, and finally, facing the experience of cardiovascular disease.

The obtained results showed that suffering from cardiovascular diseases has wide psychological, social, and family consequences for the individual and their family. For this purpose, it is necessary to pay special attention to psychological aspects of these patients in addition to drug therapy.

A complex, ambiguous and unpredictable situation like Covid-19 has a profound effect on the physical and mental health of patients and their families. Considering the uncertainty of this disease, it is necessary to investigate the experience of the uncertainty of the disease in patients, for better management of this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the experience of uncertainty of the disease in patients with Covid-19.

A qualitative study was conducted using the descriptive-interpretive phenomenology approach and Van Menen's steps. Sampling started purposefully and continued until data saturation. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The six-step approach of "Van Menen" interpretive phenomenology was used to analyze the data.

Data saturation was achieved with the entry of 17 participants. 2 themes and 4 categories were extracted: the theme of the meaning of uncertainty in Covid-19; Enclosed in chains of tension and pain, intensifiers of the onslaught of uncertainty) and responding to the uncertainty of Covid-19; Developing experiences and personal growth and striving for inner solace.

Uncertainty of the disease among those suffering from Covid-19 is an unpleasant psychological experience and is associated with conflicting emotions. However, within this uncertainty, patients try to maintain hope for the future with different spiritual and psychosocial strategies.

What is important in the treatment of a chronic disease such as diabetes is to improve the patient's quality of life in addition to control the symptoms of the disease. The trouble that a child with a chronic disease such as diabetes imposes is a problem that cannot be recognized only from the doctor's point of view and depends on what the mother of the sick child feels. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the care factors of children with diabetes. In this research, the aim was to identify the care factors of children with diabetes based on the lived experiences of their mothers.

Methods and Materials:

 This study was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological approach. The participants were 16 mothers with diabetic children whose information was collected through a semi-structured interview. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and the data was analyzed by the Colaizzi method.

The findings obtained in 3 main themes and 6 sub-themes including individual characteristics (psychological-physical functioning and emotional-social functioning), family (interpersonal interactions and psychological and social problems), educational issues (concerns and needs) classification became.

The results of the present study showed that knowing the care factors in children with diabetes can provide the basis for adopting supportive and therapeutic measures for them.

Puberty health includes principles that lead to the monitoring and promotion of physical and mental health, and it is necessary to provide the necessary training to teenagers in this field. The current study has investigated the lived experience of female students from the neglect of puberty health in the health and hygiene curriculum.

This study is based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method, by studying students' lived experiences. Based on this, in 2022, the lived experiences of 19 twelfth-grade students have been investigated in West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces using semi-structured interviews. The selection of participants has been done using the purposeful snowball sampling method. In order to verify the trustworthiness of the research information, the reliability criterion was used with two review methods by 12 participants and a review by 4 non-participating experts in the research. For the analysis of the data, Colaizzi’s strategy has been used.

From the data analysis, 237 codes, 7 themes, and 56 sub-themes were obtained. The themes extracted from the research are general neglect of puberty education, the overcoming of traditional cultural limitations, the one-dimensionality of puberty education, the high skills of medical staff, unrealistic expectations from adolescents, obstacles to puberty education, and the necessity of puberty education.

Planning puberty health education based on the strengths of the medical staff, realism towards puberty, and public attention to its education is a necessity.

Muscular dystrophy is a common genetic condition that causes progressive loss of physical function. This study seeks to explore the lived experiences of boys with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah.

The research methodology used in this study is phenomenological. The sample size consists of ten boys diagnosed with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah. The sampling method was purposive, and data was collected through in-depth interviews.

Based on the data analysis, there are two main themes that emerged. The first theme is the Continuation of External Quality, with sub-themes including Broken Individual Communication, Corrupted Identity, Endless Everyday Life, Social Isolation, and Bio-fragility. The second theme is Feelings and Concerns, with sub-themes such as Feeling Anxiety, False Hope, No Surrender, and Shame and Fear of Losing Parents.

The study reveals that individuals with muscular dystrophy face unfavorable social and individual status. Therfore, it is important to enhance public spaces and urban transportation, ensure the implementation of laws that facilitate their employment, introduce social and cultural policies to change people's attitudes towards them, plan their capabilities through national media, review existing laws, and provide support packages to improve their situation. Additionally, the participation of NGOs should be facilitated to help reduce harm.