جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cardiovascular ‎risk factors" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Background and Objectives Despite the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the youth, little is known about the knowledge of university students about this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) about metabolic syndrome. Subjects and Methods A valid questionnaire was completed by 245 university students. The questions were divided into 4 sections: diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Correct answers received 1 score while incorrect ones received 0 score. The answers were presented as a percentage. All data were analyzed with SPSS27 software, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The students’ mean scores were obtained as follows: diabetes: 83.26±10.23, obesity: 89.72±10.45, blood pressure: 92.51±12.47, cholesterol: 86.66±20.33, and total score: 88.04±8.27. There was no significant difference between the two genders in terms of the mean total score and the sections of the questionnaire. A significant difference was observed between different educational levels in terms of mean total score (P<0.01), with the graduate students having the highest knowledge level. However, there was no significant difference between the educational levels regarding the knowledge score of obesity and cholesterol. There was a significant difference between the mean knowledge score in relation to the sections of the questionnaire and the total scores by faculty. The highest and the lowest total knowledge scores were related to the Faculty of Health and the School of Pharmacy, respectively. Conclusion Considering that a score of 81-100% is considered good knowledge, the results showed that AJUMS students had generally good knowledge about metabolic syndrome.

The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is different in the elderly and middle-aged. Therefore the present study aims to compare the prevalence of risk factors affecting ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), type of treatment, and mortality rate in these two groups.

This retrospective cohort study included 1 071 elderly and middle-aged ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who had referred to Kermanshah Imam Ali Hospital for 23 months from January 2017 to November 2019. Demographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, type of treatment, and mortality were examined. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t test, and Chi-square test in Stata software version 14 with a significance level of 0.05.

In the present study, the prevalence of risk factors, including smoking, high triglyceride, overweight, and obesity in the middle-aged group was significantly more than the elderly group (P < 0.05). The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) mean (mg/dL) in the middle-aged group (99.26 ± 71.69) was significantly higher than the elderly group (96.29 ± 8.5) (P < 0.05). The rate of primary angioplasty use was higher in the middle-aged (55.31%) than in the elderly (48.52%). Other results indicated that the overall mortality rate in the elderly (15.7%) was higher than in the middle-aged (4.4%) (P < 0.001). The prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 was significantly higher in the elderly group compared to the middle-aged (P < 0.05).

The prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke is higher in the elderly than in the middle-aged, while the prevalence of vital risk factors, such as smoking, triglycerides, overweight, and obesity in the middle-aged group is significantly higher than the elderly. If these risk factors are planned and controlled in middle age, people will be less at risk for myocardial infarction in aging.

Overweight and obesity is a serious and growing health problem, that is associated with the risk of disability and increased morbidity (1). In obese people, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance lead to impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, inflammation, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (2). These factors contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes due in part to cardiac autonomic dysfunction (3-5). Thus, hypertension increases sympathetic balance and arterial stiffness, decreases heart rate variability, endothelial dysfunction, and ultimately increases the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular death (6). recently, whole-body vibration has been considered a potential alternative or adjunct to exercise (10). Evidence suggests that whole-body vibration is associated with decreased fat accumulation and fat reduction in rats (13). These results suggest the use of WBVT in the treatment of obesity. In fact, WBVT improves body composition, muscle strength and cardiovascular function in a variety of populations, including obese people (14). In general, physical activity may reduce cardiovascular risk factors and thus reduce mortality by improving the lipid profile and thus obesity (18). Therefore, there is a strong rationale for the importance of exercise in improvement programs of lifestyle to prevent or treat overweight and obesity. Whole body vibration training has been suggested as a useful protocol to increase metabolism (19). However, the effect of whole-body vibration training on cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight people is not well understood. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight girls.

In this semi-experimental study, 40 overweight girls were selected and randomly divided into experimental (whole-body vibration training) and control groups. Whole body vibration training was performed in 30 sessions every day. Biochemical variables were measured before and after training. Data were analyzed with covariance analysis (ANCOVA) at the P<0.05.

The results showed that WBVT significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (P=0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.006), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.000), heart rate (P=0.028), BMI (P=0.002), high-density lipoprotein (P=0.047) and waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.000) in overweight girls but had no significant effect on triglyceride (P=0.852) and blood pressure (P=0.189).

The results of the present study showed that whole body vibration training significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, heart rate, BMI, high-density lipoprotein and waist-to-hip ratio in overweight girls but had no significant effect on triglycerides and Blood pressure. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (16, 20, 21). WBVT increases glycemic control by improving insulin action and regulation of glucose. It seems that lowering blood glucose following whole body vibration training is associated with increasing muscle mass. In fact, these training increase the volume of lean muscle mass, and this increase in volume by increasing glucose storage in muscle and facilitating glucose metabolism (20). The mechanism of significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate following whole-body vibration training is still unclear. In some previous findings it has been reported that significant changes in systolic blood pressure have been achieved and a significant improvement in diastolic pressure is achieved when these training are combined with other forms of training (24). Increased local blood flow immediately after vibration training as well as neurophysiological changes following tonic reflection of vibration may increase elasticity and facilitate increased flexibility (30). The mechanism that reduces body fat percentage and fat profile by Whole body vibration is still unknown. However, there are potential contributing factors; whole-body vibration training increase the concentration of serum free fatty acids during the recovery period (33), in addition, activate the central sympathetic nervous system (34); The key role of this system is to stimulate lipolysis in white adipose tissue. There is relationship between the activity of the central sympathetic nervous system and fat oxidation, and hypofunction of this system is a risk factor for weight gain in humans (35). Also, the catabolic effect of vibration on adipose tissue can be explained by converting kinetic energy to thermal energy under friction forces (36). The present study had limitations such as lack of control over physical activity of research groups outside the study time, lack of control of genetic and congenital characteristics that affect obesity, lack of complete control of mental health conditions and lack of precise control of fatigue and sleep quality of the subjects was mentioned during the study. According to the results, it seems that WBVT can help reduce cardiovascular risk factors in overweight people.

The use of “Whole Body Vibration Training” as a relatively new method of neuro-muscular training and strong mechanical stimulation is of interest for athletes of various disciplines. The aim of this study was to determine the ‎effect of “Whole Body Vibration Training” on body composition and some ‎cardiovascular risk factors in male students. ‎

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 male students of Alborz ‎University physical education students were selected purposefully and convenience and based on body mass index were ‎studied in 2 groups of “Whole Body Vibration Training” (10 people) and control ‎group (10 people). Data were recorded using a demographic questionnaire, ‎digital scale of personal scale model 180 kg and digital standing gauge of Seca ‎model 264. ‎Fasting blood samples were taken from the brachial veins and systolic blood ‎pressure was recorded using a mercury sphygmomanometer made by ‎Rossmax Company in Taiwan. The “Jackson and Pollock Skinfold Test” was used ‎to measure body fat percentage to estimate body composition. The validity ‎and reliability of the tests has been confirmed in previous studies. The ‎intervention group performed “Whole Body Vibration Training” (frequency: 30 Hz ‎and amplitude 4 mm) for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. ‎

The mean body composition (12.37±3.51) and high-density ‎lipoprotein (46.48±3.29) in the intervention group compared to the pretest ‎respectively (14.37±2.26) and (41.75±3.84) experienced significant ‎improvement. While none of the variables studied in this study in the control ‎group and also triglyceride, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure in the ‎intervention group did not change significantly (P>0.05). ‎

The results showed the effect of “Whole Body Vibration Training” with the frequency and amplitude used on improving the body composition and high-density lipoprotein of male students. It is recommended to use “Whole Body Vibration Training” to improve body composition and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the new training methods with special and safe achievements, low cost and applicable in work and home environment with the same protocol.

Spexin, a novel neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions, can be a cardiovascular disease risk assessment biomarker. This study investigated the association between serum spexin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.

A search was conducted to collect studies between January 2007 and March 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The keywords "neuropeptide Q" and "spexin," along with keywords related to diabetes, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, were used for the search.

A total of 11 full-text articles were included in the study. In six of the studies, the spexin level was lower in obese children and adolescents than in normal-weight individuals, and the difference was significant in four of them (p <0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between spexin and insulin resistance in six of the studies; however, no correlation was found between spexin and glucose in the studies. The results were contradictory regarding inflammation, but the positive correlation of spexin with anti-inflammatory agents showed the anti-inflammatory effects of this neuropeptide. Five of the studies investigated the relationship between spexin and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, and three of them showed a positive role for spexin in cardiovascular health. Also, one of the studies examined the effect of spexin on metabolic syndrome and confirmed the protective role of spexin.

It seems that this neuropeptide positively affects metabolic status, especially weight control and insulin resistance, in children and adolescents.

One of the main complications of type 2 diabetes is cardiovascular complications, which greatly increases mortality and reduces the quality of life of these patients. Complications of type 2 diabetes, which are known as cardiovascular risk factors, include dyslipidemia (1, 3) and high blood pressure, which are common diseases in type 2 diabetes (1, 4). Another complication of type 2 diabetes is liver complications (5). Which is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (5, 8) in type 2 diabetes. Despite extensive research to identify the pathological causes of type 2 diabetes, no definitive treatment for type 2 diabetes has been found so far, and the annual death rate from type 2 diabetes and liver disorders due to diabetes due to cardiovascular events is increasing (5). Indicating the need for further research to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. Exercise is one of the main pillars in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (13), but these patients may be limited in performing continuous aerobic exercise due to overweight and low level of physical fitness (14); For this reason, interval training is recommended for these patients because resting between exercise intervals reduces the cardiac stress caused, leading to metabolic recovery and rebuilding energy systems, allowing for more exercise in one session (18); Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval aerobic training on cardiovascular risk factors including cardiovascular and hepatic complications in men with type 2 diabetes.

In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 men with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from volunteer patients aged 35 to 50 years, sedentary lifestyle (no physical activity in the last six months), no insulin injection, no acute cardiovascular disease, no respiratory disease, and no musculoskeletal disease. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic interval training and control. Exercise training intervention in the present study included 12 weeks of aerobic interval training, three sessions per week and each exercise session included 1)10-15 minutes of warm-up, 2) the main exercise program (10-40 minutes aerobic interval training with 5 minute intervals and a rest-to-activity ratio of 1: 1), 3) and 10 minutes of coolingdown. 24 hours before the intervention and 48 hours after the last training session, the research variables were measured in fasting. Paired sample t-test and independent t-tests were used to examine changes within and between groups. All statistical analysis operations were performed at the significant level of P 05 0.05 by SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that after the training period there was founded a significant decrease in the levels of HbA1c (P <0.001), triglyceride (P = 0.038), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.008), alanine aminotransferase (P <0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (P <0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.06) and body fat percentage (P = 0.003) and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.002) And maximum oxygen consumption (P <0.001) was observed compared to the control group, but there was no a significant difference in changes in total cholesterol (P = 0.159), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.211) and body weight (0.061). = P) between training and control groups.

Regarding the chronic effect of regular exercise on glycemic control in diabetic patients, it can be said that aerobic interval exercise has increased glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing cell sensitivity with insulin-dependent molecular pathways and insulin-independent pathways (19). Also, after the training period, was observed a significant decrease in body fat percentage. The ratio of fat to muscle mass plays an important role in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders (21); therefore, the decrease in HbA1c caused by exercise can be justified in relation to the reduction of body fat percentage. Also, after the training period, a significant improvement in lipid profile was observed in the form of a decrease in triglycerides and LDL and a significant increase in HDL levels. The improvement in lipid profile in the present study may be due to the reduction of insulin resistance and glycemic control in adaptation to periodic aerobic exercise (16). Also, a significant decrease in serum aminotransferases was observed in the exercise group compared to the control group; it can be said that improving insulin resistance in the liver has reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, which has resulted in reduced hepatic steatosis and improved liver function in patients. It is reported that body composition and HbA1c levels were associated with NAFLD. Also, after the training period, a significant increase in VO2max was observed compared to the control group.Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), is related to functional capacity and human function and has been shown to be a strong predictor of disease mortality (27). One of the complications of diabetes is decreased functional ability in patients during exercise, the optimal delivery and use of oxygen means the interaction of various physiological functions, such as pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, cardiac output, muscle blood distribution, aerobic capacity and energy production in skeletal muscle, as well as perception of fatigue (14). It can be said that exercise improves the function of the cardiorespiratory system by increasing the absorption and delivery of oxygen to the active muscles. Also in the present study, a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed compared to the control group. Due to the fact that exercise training can affect vascular function and thus the response to vascular flow, it can increase blood flow to active muscles during exercise and provide the need for muscle oxygen by increasing blood flow, as well as increasing flow. The blood expels the metabolites produced and thus reduces the accumulation of these metabolites in the muscles (4, 28). On the other hand, by reducing insulin resistance in muscle cells, glucose uptake increases and as a result, glycogen stores in muscle cells increase, which can be useful in performing long-term exercise. Improving insulin signaling also leads to better glucose uptake during exercise (27, 29), resulting in better performance in long-term aerobic activity.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and progressive, chronic metabolic disease in the world and hyperglycemia, is the main characteristic of this disease. Overweight and obesity are effective factors in the development of type 2 diabetes, which are closely related to hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. In these patients, due to hyperglycemia and inflammation, causing pathological injuries in cardiovascular system such as vascular macro and micro vascular disease, arterial stiffness, hypertension, Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and changes in cardiac function such as tachycardia at rest, and decreased functional capacity such as cardio respiratory endurance. Poor management of diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular factors disease and increases morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The need to use effective methods to glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the effective factors in Shows the disabilities associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the use of effective methods in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the effective factors in disabilities associated with type 2 diabetes is essential. Nursing is one of the ways of intervention in the field of communication technologies such as the telephone and messaging software, which as a telenursing, can lead to better communication between type 2 diabetes patients and medical team to get the knowledge and health services. Scientific research has also shown that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and exercise training has been introduced as one of the main parts of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Due to the fact that no specific research has been done to compare the effect of regular aerobic training and telenursing intervention on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to compare the effect of telenursing and aerobic training on glycemic control. Blood pressure, body composition, resting heart rate and cardiorespiratory endurance (vo2max) were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In a semi-experimental study, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected through targeted sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): 1) aerobic training group, 2) telenursing group and 3) control group. After baseline measurements (pretest), intervention study was conducted for eight weeks and 48 hours after the end of treatment variables were measured again (posttest). The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of aerobic training, three sessions per week consist of 30 to 50 minutes running exercises by intensity of 50-70% of the subjects' heart rate reserve in each session. In the telenursing group, Educational Intervention Based on treatment of diabetes, including diet, exercise training, how to use the drug and how to use a glucometer and barometer and glycemic and blood pressure monitoring, were provided to patients through a software. During the study, the control group received no intervention other than their routine management. Body weight, body fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before and after intervention. For statistical analysis, dependent t-test was used to examine within-group changes and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to examine between-group changes. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version and P < 0.050 was considered as statistically significant level.

After eight weeks aerobic training intervention, a significant decrease was observed in levels of body weight (P = 0.023), body fat percentage (P < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (P = 0.003), HbA1C (P = 0.009), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.039) and resting heart rate (= 0.004) P) and a significant increase in VO2max (P <0.001). Also in the telenursing intervention group, was observed a significant decrease in levels of body weight (P = 0.048), fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), HbA1C (P = 0.012), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.007), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.045). But in the control group, no significant difference was observed in any of the variables (p <0.05). In the study of between group changes, the results showed that in the both of aerobic training and telenursing groups, there was a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001) and HbA1C (P <0.001; P = 0.005, respectively) compared to the control group was observed. There was a significant decrease in body fat percentage and resting heart rate and a significant increase in VO2max in the aerobic training group compared to the telenursing and control groups (P <0.001). Significant decrease was observed in systolic blood pressure levels in the aerobic taining group (P <0.001) and telenursing group (P = 0.018) compared to the control group, Also reduction of systolic blood pressure in the aerobic training was significantly greater compared to the telenursing group (P <0.001).But no significant difference was observed in changes in weight (P = 0.083) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.617) between groups.

According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that both intervention methods of aerobic training and telenursing are effective intervention methods on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study of two intervention methods on glycemic control (fasting blood sugar and HbA1C), there was no significant difference was observed between the two intervention methods of aerobic training and telenursing, and both interventions were effective for glycemic control. Comparing the two methods of intervention on body composition, only aerobic training could reduce body fat percentage and improve body composition in type 2 diabetes patients. In the study of changes in blood pressure, two intervention methods reduced systolic blood pressure without significant change in diastolic blood pressure and the reduction of systolic blood pressure in the aerobic training group was significantly greater than the telenursing group. Comparing the effect of interventions on resting heart rate and VO2max as two variables related to cardiorespiratory function, the results were similar to changes in body fat percentage in the aerobic training group and a significant increase in VO2max and a significant decrease in resting heart rate were observed in type 2 diabetes patients. In general, although both methods of intervention have an effective role in the management of type 2 diabetes, especially glycemic control in these people, However, due to the results and greater effectiveness of aerobic training on body composition and cardiovascular function (systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and VO2max), More care to exercise training as an important port of the treatment of type 2 diabetes is essential.

Physical activity has a positive effect on angiogenesis and inflammation indexes, but its effect on people who intake a high-fat diet is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks of interval activity on serum levels of angiogenesis factors and inflammatory index predicting cardiovascular disease on high-fat diet rats.

In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were randomly assigned in 3 groups; normal diet (n=10), high-fat diet (n=10), and high-fat diet-interval training. For the first and second groups, the training program was performed 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Before the first session and 48 hours after the last session of physical activity, blood samples were taken using the ELISA method to examine NO, VEGF, and CRP. the MANOVA test was used to analyze data

The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of interval training increased significantly (p<0.0001) NO and VEGF (P=0.0001) levels in the high-fat diet-interval training group compared to the control group and high-fat diet group. However, the CRP level of the high-fat diet-interval training group decreased significantly (P=0.0001) than the control group.

according to the findings of this study, 8 weeks of interval training increase some angiogenesis factors such as NO and VEGF, which results in the probable reduction of CRP as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease.