جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « educational intervention » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common diseases affecting the quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of self-care training program on health-related quality of life among elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

In this clinical trial, 99 elderly women with T2DM were selected using random cluster sampling and randomly divided into test and control groups in Tehran from 2022 to 2023. The test group received seven sessions of 30-60 minutes of self-care training specific for patients suffering from T2DM, while the control group received the same training in four intensive sessions after the post-test. Data collection tools included a two-part questionnaire on demographic information and quality of life (LEIPAD). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

In this study, 69.7% (69) of the participants were in the age group of 60-69 years. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the quality of life scores between the two groups (p<0.001). Within-group analysis also showed a significant difference in the quality of life scores before and after the intervention, with a positive change in the test group and a negative change in the control group (p=0.001).

Self-care education can improve the quality of life of elderly women with T2DM. Therefore, implementing such educational interventions is a suitable option for enhancing the quality of life of elderly women with T2DM.

Objective (s):

 Considering the role of self-care in reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases and in order to properly increase the importance of health to society, paying attention to the self-care is a priority. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of an educational intervention in the context of social messengers on the awareness of the health workers regarding the self-care program.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 705 employees (doctors, nurses, midwives, health care workers) of health centers in Ilam province, Iran during 2020 and 2021. To collect data, a self-designed questionnaire containing 330 questions related to the 22 educational packages of the national self-care program provided by the Ministry of Health was used. The questionnaire was completed before an educational intervention and 9-months follow-up. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 24 software and through paired t-test and chi-square test.

The results indicated a significant increase in the awareness of health workers in the field of self-care program during a period of nine months after the educational intervention using the virtual educational method. A statistically significant relationship was observed between increasing the level of awareness of health workers with variables such as age (0.01), education level (0.05), gender (0.01) and organizational position (0.01).

Considering the important and fundamental role of health workers in improving the level of health literacy of the society and on the other hand the growing trend of access to social messengers, it is suggested with a cascade approach and based on social accountability, suitable educational programs to improve the awareness of health workers and subsequently health ambassadors at the household level should be prioritized.

Needle stick is one of the problems faced by the employees of healthcare centers, especially nurses. Considering the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the preventive behaviors of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS infections among nurses in the ICU departments of Imam Hassan hospital in Bojnord city.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in an interventional way in 2022 on 76 employees of the ICU department of the the Imam Hassan hospital who were allocated in two experimental and control groups. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that sharp object penetration training had a significant effect on the components of the health belief model, including perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, symptoms for action and behavior, and exposure behaviors.

By holding training courses, the necessary information on the prevention of injuries caused by sharp objects should be transferred to the health and treatment staff.

Stress is one of the major problems in life and occupation is one of the most important factors that cause it. This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on virtual social networks on occupational stress among employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted among 122 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were randomly assigned to intervention (n=59) and control (n=63) groups, in 2022. The data collection tool was questionnaires of job stress and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stress, which were completed before and two months after the educational intervention. The training program was implemented virtually for the intervention group within a month with the methods of educational videos, audio files, images, and text messages. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using independent t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA.

There was no significant difference in the average score of knowledge, attitude, and performance between the two intervention and control groups before the intervention, but two months after the educational intervention, by adjusting the effect of pre-test scores, the average score of knowledge, attitude and practice in the intervention group increased significantly. (P<0.001). The average occupational stress score in the intervention group decreased from 118.26 to 117.20, which was significant compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of educational intervention based on virtual social networks on increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding stress as well as management of occupational stress, it is recommended to design and implement educational interventions using modern technologies and virtual spaces to improve mental health in the workplaces.

Ischemic heart diseases are the most important cause of death worldwide, which affect the quality of life of affected patients. In Iran, ischemic heart diseases are the first cause of death in people aged over 35 years. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of lifestyle education on the quality of life of patients with ischemic heart diseases.

This semi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design and with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all patients with ischemic heart disease hospitalized in the CCU of Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) Rafsanjan Hospital in 2019. The sample size of 30 people in each group was determined. A three-part questionnaire (demographic information, France and Powers quality of life questionnaire and Minnesota questionnaire) was used to collect information. First, both experimental and control groups completed the mentioned questionnaires as a pre-test, then the experimental group was educated with five 45-minute sessions, and after two weeks, a post-test was taken from both groups again using the same questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. Independent T, paired T, and Chi-square statistical tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient and covariance analysis were used.

The mean age of the samples was 59.73±12.81 years and the average duration of coronary disease was 1953.38±2598.50 days. The results showed that the increase in scores related to the general state of quality of life after education was significant and indicated the improvement of the condition of the experimental group compared to the control group.

The findings of the present study showed that interventional efforts are important and necessary in order to improve the quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease. In order to improve the quality of life and ultimately control heart disease, it is recommended to use the educational program designed and used in this study as a model.

Objective:

 Lifestyle is an important component in health education and promotion. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that currently 60% of deaths worldwide and 80% of deaths in developing countries are due to unhealthy lifestyle. The present study aims to determine the effect of an educational intervention on improving the healthy lifestyle behaviors of people referred to the health centers in Yazd, Iran.

Methods:

 This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2017 on 140 men and women aged 18-40 years referred to four health centers in Yazd city, who were selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the educational program at three sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The data collection tool was a researcher-made lifestyle questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability.  The questionnaire was completed before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention by both groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics and analytical tests.

Results:

 Immediately after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in knowledge, attitude, and enabling factors (P<0.05), but the score of health-promoting behaviors was not significantly different (P=0.063). Three months after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, and health-promoting behavior between the two groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

 The educational intervention is effective in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors of people in Yazd, Iran.

Drug abuse usually starts in adolescence; it is influenced by factors such as gender, age, psychological factors affecting sensation seeking and social communication. The COM-B model includes a full range of behavioral concepts and is suitable for intervention regarding substance abuse. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the impact of education on the prevention of substance abuse among students.

An experimental study with a randomized controlled trial type was carried out. Using cluster method, two clusters were randomly selected from trhe schools on the outskirts of the city; one school was determined as intervention, and the other as control with a sample size of 50 people in each group. With Zuckerman's sensation seeking questionnaire, students were examined, and those with a positive score were evaluated with the COM-B substance abuse tendency questionnaire. Educational interventions were implemented for the intervention group. After completion of the intervention and three later, this questionnaire was completed by both groups.

In the intervention group, the scores of physical capacity (p=0/001), mental capacity (p=0/001), reflective motivation (p<0/05), automatic motivation (p<0/05), and preventive behavior against substance abuse increased after the intervention (p<0/05), but no significant difference was observed in the opportunity score in the studied times. In the control group, there was no significant difference in the scores of any of the variables during the study.

The implementation of educational programs based on COM-B model is effective in reducing the tendency of students to abuse drugs.

Postpartum is one of the most important and dangerous periods in the life of a mother and a newborn. The health behaviors of mothers are influenced by their attitudes. There is a possibility of improving the health behaviors of mothers through education, increasing public awareness and modifying attitudes. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention on attitudes and behaviors. Maternal hygiene during the postpartum period was carried out in Qom province.

This study is a semi-experimental educational intervention that was conducted on 110 mothers during the postpartum period. The available mothers were selected from the health centers of Qom province and then they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The duration of the intervention was four months and the trainings were conducted in four sessions, through uploading in the virtual space and one face-to-face session and follow-up of its feedback, until 42 days after delivery.

After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference in the components of women's postpartum health attitudes and behaviors, including general health behaviors, maternal behaviors, nutritional behaviors, infant-related behaviors, health attitudes, and standard postpartum health behaviors in the group. The test was observed compared to the control group (p<0.05).

The results of the present study showed that multimedia educational intervention with individual counseling and continuous communication with mothers based on scientific theories and qualitative study has a positive effect on mothers' health attitudes and behaviors in the postpartum period

 Office workers, regardless of educational principles, may be exposed to musculoskeletal injuries due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the administrative staff of an Ilam University of Medical Sciences campus.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, 178 administrative staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences Campus 1 was examined. Musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Ergonomic risk factors of the workplace were assessed by Rapid Administrative Strain Assessment (ROSA) before and after the training. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 statistical software.

 According to the findings obtained from the Nordic questionnaire, it was found that the most disorders in the past year were in the back (56.2%) and neck (55.6%) areas and the ROSA evaluation results showed that 24.4% of the subjects the study was at the ergonomic level with high risk. After the implementation of training programs, the results showed that the prevalence of disorders in 9 areas decreased. Also, demographic variables did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. (Significance level 0/05 is assumed)

 The results of this study showed that ergonomic training can be an effective method to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort in office work environments.

Brucellosis is a common disease worldwide. Family-centered empowerment model is a model for empowering patients to modify high-risk behaviors. Given the wide range of health and economic complications caused by the prevalence of brucellosis in society, we sought to evaluate the effect of this model in modifying the high-risk behaviors of patients with brucellosis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study that examined 88 patients with Brucellosis in Arak County in 2021. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire based on the family-centered empowerment model in six constructs, namely knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and behavior at two stages before and two months after the educational intervention. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.

The mean of patients' age was 42.19±19.79. The results of the paired t-test indicated that the mean scores of knowledge (P<0.001), attitude (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), self-esteem (P<0.001), self-efficacy (P<0.001), and behavior (P<0.001) significantly increased in the intervention group after education. but changes in mean scores of knowledge (P=0.71), attitude (P= 0.53), perceived severity (P=0.26), self-esteem (P=0.18), self-efficacy (P=0.21), and behavior (P=0.41) were not significant in the control group.

The results indicated that educational intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model could be effective in increasing knowledge, thereby improving Brucellosis prevention behaviors.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. One of the most important strategies for controlling dyslipidemia is improving lifestyle. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of educational intervention on beliefs related to the prevention of dyslipidemia in women.

The current study is a semi-experimental type that was conducted on 80 women who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Tabas city. Sampling was done in several stages. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was completed before and one month after the intervention. The educational intervention based on the health belief model included two group training sessions and presentation of an educational booklet. Data was collected based on SPSS software version 21 and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. The significance level of the tests was considered less than 0. 05.

The average score of perceived intensity in the test group after the intervention has increased significantly compared to the control group and the average score has increased from 12.45 to 13.13(p=0.003). The average score of perceived barriers in the test group has also decreased from 29.62 to 27.44(p=0/011). The average perceived self-efficacy score in the test group increased from 30.18 to 32.16, which was a significant increase compared to the control group(p=0/019).

Considering the effect of the intervention on improving some constructs such as perceived severity, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, it can be concluded that the educational intervention based on the health belief model can be effective in promoting beliefs related to preventive behaviors of dyslipidemia.