جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « incompatible couples » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of problem solving training on life orientation, positive and negative emotions, and learned helplessness in incompatible couples in Qaemshahr city.

The method of the present research was an experiment and a quasi-experimental research design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Qaemshahr city in 2023. 30 couples were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Then, the subjects of the experimental group received problem solving training during 8 sessions of 60 minutes. In order to collect data from life orientation questionnaires (Shier and Carver, 1994), positive and negative affect (Watson et al., 1988) and learned helplessness (Quinless and Nilsson, 1988) in two stages before and after training in both groups (experiment and control) were used.

The findings from the analysis of covariance test showed that problem solving training improved optimism in life orientation, increased positive emotion, and reduced learned helplessness in the tested group (p=0.05).
 

According to the findings of the present research, in the field of therapy and counseling of incompatible couples, training in problem solving for the compatibility of couples and solving their conflicts; It looks very efficient and promising.

Incompatible couples have many emotional, cognitive and social problems, including in the field of distress tolerance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparison the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance of incompatible couples.

This study was a semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population was incompatible couples who referred to the Family Counseling Center of Torbat-e-Jam in 2019 year. The research sample was 24 couples who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposeful sampling method and were replaced randomly with the lottery in three equal groups (8 couples in each group) including two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group with couple therapy method 8 sessions of 90 minutes underwent the emotion-focused therapy and the second experimental group with couple therapy method 10 sessions of 90 minutes underwent the acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Research tools included demographic information form, marital adjustment scale and distress tolerance scale. Data were analyzed with chi-square, univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 20 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not have significantly different in terms of education level and age range (P>0.05). Also, both emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in compared to the control group increased the distress tolerance of incompatible couples (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two mentioned methods in increasing the distress tolerance of incompatible couples (P>0.05).

The results showed that both methods of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy increased the distress tolerance of incompatible couples and there was no significant difference between them. Therefore, health professionals and therapists can use both mentioned methods to improve distress tolerance in vulnerable groups, including incompatible couples.

Background &

The social developments of the past decades at the global level have faced the family system with new and diverse changes, challenges, issues, and needs. During this period, the family has been increasingly threatened by multiple and complex causes and factors. When the functions of the family, such as biological, social, cognitive, and emotional functions are damaged one after the other, its members gradually lose their sense of satisfaction. The gradual decrease in the satisfaction of family members due to incompatibility between couples first causes psychological dissociation and then social dissociation. In fact, the functioning of the family is formed based on the relationship between the spouses, and the conflicts between them cause the family system to undergo serious problems. One of the factors that can be mentioned as an influential factor in the occurrence of marital conflicts is intimacy, which in fact, with the reduction of this factor, the process of incompatibility moves forward quickly, and as an essential factor, it can be paid. Marital compatibility can be more in couples that have a higher level of intimacy. In other words, couples with higher intimacy are more capable of facing problems and changes related to their relationship, and as a result, they experience higher marital satisfaction and compatibility. On the other hand, communication skills are considered to be complex processes that enable a person to behave in such a way that others consider him/her adequate. Skills are the necessary abilities to perform purposeful and successful behaviors. Communication skills are the ability to symbolically and efficiently convey the meanings and messages that a person has in mind. When the couple's communication is of better quality, they can be closer to each other and can share their thoughts and feelings, as a result, they feel more intimate and avoid possible misunderstandings that arise in marital conflicts. They prevent seizures. Various treatment methods have been used to solve marital problems. The existence of incompatibility and unhealthy functioning of the family leads to the emergence of various family complications and damages. Therefore, it is necessary to implement therapeutic interventions to increase the functioning of couples, and one of the most effective therapeutic approaches in this field is schema therapy. Schema therapy is effective in improving the sense of closeness and psychological state of couples, marital relations, communication documents and sexual performance of couples, communication beliefs, and marital compatibility, and reducing the desire for divorce. The schema therapy approach is a fundamental evolution in cognitive therapy. The schema therapy approach was formed and developed at the heart of the cognitive therapy approach, based on the attachment theory. Schemas, as traces of a complex set of cognitions, feelings, and tendencies to react, are placed in the neural networks of the brain based on previous experiences. As soon as these patterns are activated in the later stages of life, people will feel trapped. By presenting the role of schemas and coping responses in conceptualizing psychological problems, schema therapy has been able to play a greater role in explaining psychological problems. Despite conducting various studies in the field of the effect of the use of treatment protocols on marital psychological characteristics, there are still many gaps in this field. Each of the conducted research is limited to certain statistical societies and cannot be generalized to the whole society. Also, the way of implementing treatment protocols may be of different quality, which requires repeating these training and comparing their results to reach the final conclusion. Conducting the present research can bring significant and interesting results by examining the effectiveness of the schema therapy protocol. Despite the effectiveness of schema therapy in improving subjects' behaviors in various studies, there have been few studies that have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on intimacy and communication skills. Therefore, the research gap in this field is quite evident. Considering that the compatibility of couples plays an important role in the stability of the family, schema therapy can be used to achieve this goal, so the research question is whether schema therapy can affect intimacy and communication skills in incompatible couples. Is it effective for counseling centers in Tehran?

It is a semi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all incompatible couples who referred to the counseling centers of Tehran in the first half of 1400, and by taking possession of the existing files of incompatible couples who referred to the counseling centers of Tehran, the number of 10 couples (10 men and 10 women) who due to conflicts Marital have referred to counseling centers in Tehran using available sampling method and were placed in two groups of 5 couples (5 couples in the experimental group, 5 couples in the control group). The data collection tool was Thompson and Walker's Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), Matson's Communication Skills Questionnaire (1983), and Spanier's Marital Compatibility Questionnaire (1976). In this research, Yang's schema therapy protocol was used for schema therapy training, which was used for three months and in 10 sessions of 120 minutes, as shown in table no. The mixed variance analysis test with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that schema therapy is effective and stable in intimacy and related skills in incompatible couples. Also, the difference between the scores of all components in the pre-test and post-test stages, as well as pre-test and follow-up is significant (P<0.01), while the difference between the post-test and the follow-up stage is not significant. (P>0.01). This finding means that schema therapy has not only improved the marital intimacy components of couples in the experimental group, but this effect has also been stable in the follow-up phase. Also, the results of Table 6 show that the difference between the scores of communication skills in the pre-test and post-test stages as well as pre-test and follow-up is significant (P<0.01), while the difference between The test and the follow-up phase are not significant (P>0.01). This finding means that schema therapy has not only improved the communication skills of couples in the experimental group, but this effect has also been stable in the follow-up phase.

According to the results of this research, in general, schema therapy has a significant and stable effect on intimacy and communication skills in incompatible couples. In other words, schema therapy has improved intimacy and communication skills in incompatible couples. Every study has some limitations, and this study, like other studies, is not exempt from this case, which can be mentioned as the following limitations. In this research, only questionnaires were used to collect information, and due to practical limitations, interviews were not used to collect knowledge data. Also, the limitation of the sample size and the sampling method inevitably used the available sampling method. The main limitation of this research is that the current research sample was selected from among incompatible couples referring to counseling centers in Tehran, and the generalization of the results of this research to other people should be done with caution. Also, in this research, the possible effect of some intervening variables such as family, cultural, social, and economic factors and personality traits such as mental health or underlying family problems and their role in the research variables were not investigated, which found generalizability. It reduces research.

The family is the smallest unit of society. People marry to start their families. The form and characteristics of the family depend on social, historical, and ecological conditions. Marriage is a couple's internal and external union as husband and wife to start a happy and eternal family based on faith in one God. Marriage is a bond that couples are expected to enjoy, but it is observed that some couples do not enjoy this bond. Therefore, considering the importance of marital adjustment in the health and stability of the family system, it is essential to identify the factors contributing to this adjustment. Thus, this research aimed to design and compile a model of marital compatibility based on intelligence dimensions in couples Living in Kermanshah City, Iran.

This research was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach conducted through group discussion and semi–structured interviews. The statistical population of this research included all family specialists, as well as all compatible and incompatible couples aged 20 to 55 years living in Kermanshah City, Iran, in 2022–2023. In the first stage, the purpose of the research was to assess educational needs. Hence, the researcher selected the people referred to the family court and counseling centers in a 3–month process and agreed to cooperate. Thus, using the snowball method, the addresses of one couple from each couple who were almost like themselves, willing to cooperate in the research, and were known as compatible couples were obtained. In this way, 20 couples were selected. Then, with their coordination, the interview time was determined, and they were informed. The sampling method at this stage was purposive. The initial evaluation was done to assess educational needs through focused group discussions and semi–structured interviews. The focused group discussion was conducted with married men and women, compatible and incompatible couples, or those with a marital history to obtain richer and deeper information. In this context, 10 group discussions and 10 interviews were conducted. The interviews were recorded with the participant's permission and transcribed verbatim for further analysis. To direct the interviews, a guide was prepared by reviewing the texts, a preliminary study, and the opinions of experts and professors in the field of family counseling and psychotherapy. The interviews were conducted with 12 open–ended questions. Next, the participants were selected in group discussions with maximum diversity in terms of education, age, and social, economic, and cultural status. It should be noted that ethical obligations were considered to protect the participants' rights. Finally, the package was compiled and designed after coding and categorizing with MAXQDA software.

Ten professors of Razi University and Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah, who were members of the Psychology and Counseling departments, participated in this research. Then, until the theoretical data saturation, semi–structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts and 40 couples, and the model of marital adjustment based on the dimensions of intelligence was designed. The results showed that the components of moral intelligence include honesty and truthfulness, perseverance and persistence for the right (standing for the right), accepting responsibility to serve others, and the ability to forgive one's and other's mistakes. Also, based on the experts' opinion, the spiritual components in the educational package of marital adjustment based on the dimensions of intelligence include the production of personal meaning in life. Finally, the main components of emotional intelligence include problem–solving, happiness, stress tolerance, emotional self–awareness, optimism, flexibility, interpersonal relationships, social responsibility, and empathy.

Different treatment methods have recently been employed to help couples improve their marital relations. In this research, the model of marital adjustment based on intelligence was examined, and based on the research findings, the developed model of marital compatibility based on intelligence can play an essential role in the marital adjustment of couples. It is necessary to help couples solve matrimonial problems and know the factors and causes affecting marital incompatibility and compatibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of Guttman couple therapy and structural family therapy on cohesion, adaptability and incompatible couple relationships.

The research population includes maladapted couples referring to Behbahan Education Counseling Center in the first half of 2019. A sample of 30 couples from this population was selected by available methods and randomly divided into two experimental groups Were controlled. The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. First, pre-test was taken from both groups and then the experimental group underwent combination therapy for 8 sessions per week.

After the sessions, both groups underwent post-test and 1.5 months later underwent follow-up test. The research instruments included the Elson, Portner & Bell family cohesion and adaptability scale and the communication subscale of the Enrich Elson, Fournier and Drakeman questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANKOVA) and multivariate analysis (MANKOVA).

The results showed that the combination of Guttman couple therapy and structural family therapy significantly improves cohesion, adaptability and incompatible couple communication (p <0.05). The results also showed that the effectiveness of this combined approach lasted until the follow-up stage. The results obtained based on the effectiveness of this approach were discussed in detail.

Marriage is among the vital aspects in the formation of a healthy society, and the concept of adaptability and marital satisfaction is of significant importance. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of social problem–solving training and assertiveness training on improving adaptability and marital satisfaction in incompatible couples.

This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. In this research, 18 eligible couples referring to counseling centers in Ardebil City, Iran, to solve marital conflicts in 2017 were selected using a random sampling method. They participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups, as follows: one test (6 couples), a trial of two tests (6 couples), and one control (6 couples).  Educational interventions were conducted in eight 60–minute sessions to the experimental groups; however, the control group received no intervention. The required data were collected using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale. Alson (2000), calculated Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of FACES as 0.90. Moreover, Abbaspour (2008) reported the reliability of this test using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (0.95). Mahdaviyan tested the validity of the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and re–test method at a one–wk interval (for men: 93; for women: 94 and for men and women: 94.), and the reliability obtained using the method Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was .95. The validity of the questionnaire was also evaluated by Suleimanian, and the correlation of the subscales of the questionnaire with the total score was obtained from 0.44 to 0.85. Alson (2000) also reported Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire as 0.92. In this research, its internal consistency, using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha, was calculated equal to 0.85. In addition, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the study assumptions, and the collected data were analyzed in SPSS.

The Box’ test results (0.365) on the research variables suggested that the homogeneity of the variance–covariance matrix was well–established. Furthermore, the mean (SD) posttest scores of the experimental group (1), in relation to the adaptability variable, was 21.23(17.25), and the same value for the experimental group (2) was 112.20 (18.22). Moreover, the mean(SD) posttest values of the experimental group (1), in relation to the marital satisfaction variable, was 142.12 (13.86) and in the experimental group (2), it was 129.11(97.7) According to these results, the increase in the posttest scores of the experimental groups 1 and 2 was more than that of the control group. In addition, the present results revealed that the difference between the mean scores of adaptability and marital satisfaction in the posttest stage was significant after controlling the pretest scores in the experimental groups 1 and 2 and the control group (p≤0.001). As a result, social problem–solving training and assertiveness training improved the level of adaptability and marital satisfaction in the studied couples. The MANCOVA results of adaptability, based on social problem solving and assertiveness training method, indicated a difference between the scores of social problem–solving and improved the status of adaptability in the investigated incompatible couples (p≤0.001) Is available. Finally, the Bonferroni posthoc test was used to compare the effects of the interventions on the subjects. The relevant results suggested the social problem solving and assertiveness training was effective. There was a significant difference between adaptability status and marital satisfaction. Accordingly, the difference between the two groups concerning the adaptability variable was 3.90; concerning marital satisfaction is 4.15, i.e., significant at p≤0.001. Therefore, the social problem–solving method, in improving the status of adaptability and marital satisfaction, was more effective than the method of assertiveness training.

The present study results suggested that social problem solving and assertiveness training provided more intimacy to the study couples. Furthermore, the social problem–solving method was more effective than the practice of assertiveness training and increased adaptability in the study subjects.

Normal and abnormal of each society depends on general conditions of the families. Most of interventions and couple therapy methods seek to enhance the marital satisfaction and quality of life in incompatible couples. The purpose of this study was to indicate the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life in incompatible couples.
This was a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group. Of all subjects, referred to the welfare institution of Shiraz in 2011, thirty couples were divided by random sampling into experimental and control groups (each including fifteen couples). Subjects of experimental group received 8 sessions of intervention. Meanwhile, the subjects of control group were placed in waiting list. The data was collected by SF-36 quality of life scale. Data analysis, moreover, was done through multivariate covariance using SPSS-16.
Results of covariance analysis showed that quality of life therapy improves the quality of life in general (P˂0.001). Also, there was a significant difference for physical functioning, physical limitation, pain tolerance, vitality and emotional and social limitation indices between two groups (P˂0.001). However, no significant discrepancy was seen for general health, social role functioning and mental health (P>0.05).
According to these results, it can be concluded that therapy based on improving the quality of life enhances the life quality of these couples. Therefore, designing such programs can elevate the well-being and quality of life in incompatible couples.