جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ایمنی بیمار » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

An organization's safety culture is the product of its values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral patterns that define the organization's commitment and framework for managing safety and health. The purpose of evaluating the safety culture is to identify the current state of the safety culture raise the awareness of the employees in this field evaluate the interventions related to safety and track the changes that have been made. The present study was conducted to analyze the status of patient safety culture among the employees of hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2022.

The current descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 1401 on 440 employees of medical and educational hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and the sampling method was simply random. The tool used in the Standard Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (HSOPSC) The questionnaire had 42 questions, and 12 dimensions of the patient safety culture including dimensions of general understanding of the patient, organizational learning and continuous improvement, discipline within hospital departments, non-punitive policy in cases of errors, issues Work related to staff, manager/supervisor expectations and actions to promote patient safety, open communication channels, feedback and exchange of information about errors, hospital management support, teamwork among hospital departments, hospital handovers and transfers, and frequency of incident reporting. Unwantedness was measured based on a five-point Likert scale. The average score of less than 2.5 indicates a low patient safety culture, between 2.5 and 3.75 an acceptable state of safety culture, and 3.75 and above indicates the patient safety culture is a strength of the hospital. The study was conducted with IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1400.289 code of ethics. Analysis was done using Spss 24 software and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Friedman.

Most of the participants (47%) were 30 to 40 years old and had work experience of 1 to 10 years (44.6%). Also, most of the studied people (59%) were on rotating shifts. The overall status of patient safety culture in hospitals covered by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was 64.4% with an average of 3.22±0.43, so 86.1% of the participating employees considered the patient safety status as an average. Among the dimensions of patient safety culture, the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the dimensions of "teamwork within hospital departments" with a mean and standard deviation of 3.90±0.79 (78 percent) and "hospital delivery and transfers" with a mean, and the standard deviation was 2.75±0.92 (55%). According to the single-sample independent parametric T-test, the score obtained from the status of patient safety culture in covered hospitals was higher than the average standard score of 3 (P<0.05). Patient safety culture in people with higher service experience had a better condition than people with less experience (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the status of patient safety culture in different work shifts of the participants (P<0.05). Also, teaching hospitals had a better average patient safety culture than non-teaching hospitals (P<0.05).

Based on the findings, hospital transfers were identified as one of the weakest areas. The implementation of appropriate training courses, such as workshops and in-service training, for correct patient transfer and handover is recommended. Additionally, empowering staff to freely question and critique decisions and actions of senior personnel regarding patient safety concerns is crucial.

Since nurses are the most significant part of the professional forces of the health system, who have many duties in order to provide healthcare services, this can endanger the patient's safety. Functional barriers are the sum of issues and factors related to the conditions and facilities of the working environment. They hinder the ability of nurses to perform their duties and reduce the speed of work of nurses to provide care, which can disrupt the safety of nursing care and lead to an increase in Nursing errors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between functional barriers and safe nursing care from the nurses' perspectives.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional-correlation study conducted in Shahidrathi Shahindej Hospital in 2022. The study included 139 nurses who were selected using the census sampling. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, a performance obstacles questionnaire from a nurse's point of view, and an assessment of safe nursing care (ASNC) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 via Pearson and t-test statistical tests.

The mean score of safe nursing care was 314.58 ± 25.99, which was at the optimal performance level, and the mean score of performance obstacles was 32.92 ± 5.40. Based on Pearson's correlation test, no significant statistical relationship existed between the total score of safe nursing care and the total score of performance obstacles. However, some dimensions of safe nursing care had a significant statistical relationship with one dimension of performance obstacles (p < 0.05).

Despite the results of this study, it is suggested to think of ways to identify and eliminate the performance obstacles of nurses. Improving work processes, skills, and related training can be effective tools in reducing performance obstacles and improving safe nursing care.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a specialized hospital unit designed to provide care for critically ill patients. Nurses who work in these departments play an important role in ensuring patient safety and providing safe and quality nursing care. However, various factors can affect nurses' ability to provide safe nursing care in these settings. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting safe nursing care in the ICU department.

The present study was a qualitative study of conventional content analysis. The participants included nurses, doctors, and specialists in the field of patient safety, patients and accompanying patients. A total of 20 individuals were included in the study using purposive sampling method. Data collection was done using individual, in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Then, data analysis was done using the method proposed by Graneheim and Landman (2004) and the views of nurses and people related to patient safety in ICU were identified.

Two themes including holistic care and safety-oriented organization and four categories including systematic care, comprehensive care of all systems, human resource management and safe environment were extracted as effective factors in providing safe nursing care in ICU departments.

The results of this study reveal the importance of promoting safe nursing care in ICU departments through a holistic care approach as well as a safety-oriented organization. These findings support previous research that emphasizes the importance of systems thinking and safe nursing care in improving patient safety and overall quality of care. In this way, by implementing targeted interventions and strategies based on these factors, healthcare organizations can create a safer environment not only for patients but also for the staff of the ICU.

Patient falls are common in hospitals, leading to financial loss and potential harm to patients, staff, and the organization. They can often be prevented with proper planning. This study aims to identify strategies to prevent patient falls and provide evidence to develop safety initiatives.

Our review used the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review model to identify strategies for preventing patient falls. We conducted searches with relevant keywords in the PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 25, 2024. In the final stage, we consulted with 18 experts using the Delphi method to gather their opinions. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

Out of the 4202 studies initially found, 19 articles were chosen. The solutions to prevent patient falls can be grouped into six general categories: planning (which includes quality improvement programs, establishment of patient safety culture, patient fall prevention guidelines and programs), physical space (involving patient room design and the location of treatment staff), equipment (such as monitoring and alarms, pressure sensors, and standard beds), human resources (including communication networks between nurses and other treatment staff, as well as factors like self-efficacy and responsiveness of nurses, and their motivation and job satisfaction), training (covering education and patient participation, training of nurses and treatment staff, and electronic training), and control of executive processes (involving evaluation of risk factors and process control). The highest level of agreement among the members was on the equipment dimension (9.76), and the lowest was on the human resources dimension (8.65).

Patient falls are a common safety concern in hospitals and can be prevented with proper planning. Each hospital should use a combination of prevention methods tailored to its specific conditions.

safe nursing care is the use of knowledge and skills by nurses to provide quality patient care and it is considered one of the health goals in intensive care units. The feeling of being supported by the hospital play a key role in achieving this goal; it  can lead to job satisfaction, good job performance, and patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine the relationship between perceived organizational support and safe nursing care in nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) of public hospitals in Tabriz, Iran.

This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 200 nurses working in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022, who were selected using a quota sampling method. Eisenberger et al.’s perceived organizational support scale and Rashvand et al.’s safe nursing care questionaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was done in SPSS v.16 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test). 

The mean score of perceived organizational support was 23.20±9.57, which was lower than the cutoff point. Safe nursing care was at a favorable level with a mean score of 322.89±34.1. The perceived organizational support had no statistically significant correlation with safe nursing care and its dimensions.
Conclusion Despite the unfavorable perceived organizational support of ICU nurses in Tabriz, their safe nursing care is favorable. There is no statistically significant relationship between their perceived organizational support and safe nursing care. This finding is probably due to the prevailing rules and professional beliefs in the work of nurses, which has caused the care provided to be safe despite the perception of low organizational support.

Health care is one of the most complex activities that humans are involved with and are inherently associated with the potential to create the risk of being ill at the same time. In this study, the challenges in the field of patient safety culture and its strategies with regard to its dimensions are discussed.

This article is a narrative review article that searches for library resources and articles published in the years 2000-2022 using databases such as SID, Iran Medex, Elsevier, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and related to safety culture. The patient was performed in Iran and the world. A total of 250 articles were extracted in this field and then 56 articles were used in this study according to the findings of the Patient Safety Culture Challenge.

Given the importance of patient safety culture in health care organizations, it seems that promoting it can improve the quality and performance of Iranian hospitals. Error, management support, staff shortages and inter-unit teamwork as priorities for action.

Patient safety at the hospital should be categorized as a strategic priority to be implemented in a detailed operational plan. It is then that safety in the organization which becomes a culture and everyone understands its importance and instills it in itself and all efforts in the organization center around this.

In healthcare environments, increasing patient safety and reducing safety errors is of great importance. These errors can have irreparable consequences for patients and negatively affect the quality and trust in healthcare. Therefore, patient safety training programs have become important in order to prepare medical staff to diagnose and prevent safety errors. In this study, we investigate the effect of patient safety training programs on the reduction of safety errors of employees of a private hospital in Tehran .

two different training methods, i.e. face-to-face training (class and face-to-face training) and virtual training (use of training videos) were used to transfer safety knowledge to employees. And the amount of safety errors in spring and summer seasons was collected through the documents related to error reports .

The results show that both training methods have been able to increase the knowledge of employees. However, face-to-face training has created a significant improvement in the knowledge of employees and reduction of safety errors compared to virtual training, and finally, the comparison of the amount of safety errors in the two seasons showed a significant decrease.

The World Health Organization (WHO) set six goals to maximize patient safety, with patient identification as the first goal. Today, at least two identifiers written on a paper wristband identify patients. If paper wristbands are used, the patient's identification information may not be available due to tearing or moisture, etc. Due to the fact that modern technology has not been used to solve the above problems, therefore, the intelligent wristband was designed in the educational and treatment center of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz in 2023

Smart wristband with QR code is specially designed for each patient. Doctors and nurses can scan the QR code from the patient's wristband and by entering their medical and nursing system number, they can access the demographic and clinical information of patients for safe identification.

The design of smart wristbands makes it possible to use waterproof electronic wristbands instead of using paper wristbands. Also, by scanning the assigned code for each patient, the treatment and care staff are connected to health information software that provides quick access to a summary of demographic information and the treatment history of the patient.

The use of Smart wristband through the provision of high-quality healthcare can have great potential to ensure patient safety, minimize medical errors, and improve the performance of healthcare professionals.

Medication errors reduce quality of life, immune system function, and cause significant mortality in children with HIV/AIDS. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting the management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS virus in Iran's health system.

The current study was a descriptive one conducted in 2020-2021. At first, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus, the main factors affecting the occurrence of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus were extracted and using them, the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 400 experts in the field of treating children with HIV/AIDS virus and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and through SPSS version 16 and Lisrel software.

Four factors included organizational factors (p < 0.001), individual factors (p < 0.001), educational factors (p < 0.001) and communication factors (p < 0.001), were identified as effective factors in the management of medication errors in children with HIV/AIDS virus. Factors including Individual, communication, organizational and educational with respective factor loadings of 0.84, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77 had an effect on the management of medication errors in HIV positive children.

For successful management of medication errors in children infected with HIV/AIDS, it is advisable to prioritize individual and communication factors (i.e., behavior-based disease counseling specialists) while attending to all four of the relevant factors.

The increase of unsafe events in healthcare environments can cause injuries to healthcare personnel and patients. Understanding the patient safety climate in an organization using a valid and reliable tool can reduce these risks and injuries to the patient. The present study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Patient Safety Climate Questionnaire in Health Care Organizations (PSCHO).

The study was started by obtaining permission from the original author of the instrument. This questionnaire was first translated into Farsi by a group of experts using the forward-backward translation method; then, it was translated into English. After the English version was approved by the original author, the final Persian version was formed. The final questionnaire was completed by 221 healthcare workers from three public hospitals in Sari, Iran. The statistical indicators used include Cronbach's alpha coefficient, content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and Pearson correlation.

This study was conducted in the second half of 2022. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire is 0.883. The average CVR and CVI were calculated as 0.59 and 0.81 according to the opinions of 30 occupational health, ergonomics, and nursing experts.

This study has shown that the PSCHO has high reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate and identify the level of patient safety in healthcare centers.

Patient safety is one of the main pillars of health care and, in other words, avoiding any injury to the patient while providing health care. The study aimed to examine patients' safety from the perspective of medical staff in Ardabil city hospitals.

In this quantitative and applied study, descriptive-analytical data were collected cross-sectionally in public, private, and social security hospitals in Ardabil city in 1400. The study population included 189 medical staff of these hospitals in the medical, nursing, operating room, and anesthesiology groups, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection was done by visiting hospitals and completing standard questionnaires. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis.

The research showed that patients' safety status in hospitals of Ardabil city was favorable, with an average of 88.7. Social Security Hospital, with an average score of 95.92, had the highest patient safety score, and public hospitals, with an average score of 87.93, and private hospitals, with an average score of 39.85, were in the next rank. The safety status of patients was inversely related to the level of education of employees and was not significantly related to employment status, organizational post, and type of hospital ownership.

Overall, the safety status of patients in Ardabil city hospitals was assessed at the desired level based on nine patient safety dimensions. Furthermore, implementing patient safety standards in public, private, and social security hospitals has been done correctly. However, it is recommended to implement patient safety standards as best as possible concerning nurse-to-patient education, patient identification, and infection control.

Non-adherence to medication in HIV-positive patients leads to the occurrence of HIV-related diseases and ultimately reduces the quality of life and immune system function of these patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify and explain the factors that influence medication non-adherence in HIV-positive Iranian patients.

The present applied study was conducted in 2020-2021 using the descriptive method. First, by reviewing the research literature and interviewing experts in the field of HIV treatment, the main factors influencing medication non-adherence in HIV-positive patients were identified, based on which the research questionnaire was designed. Data were collected from 590 HIV-positive patients and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and   SPSS23 and LISREL software.

Four factors, namely organizational factors (16 items), individual factors (19 items), educational factors (7 items), and communication factors (7 items) were identified as effective factors for medication non-adherence in HIV-infected patients. Communication factors, individual factors, educational factors, and organizational factors with factor loadings of 0.76, 0.74, 0.73, and 0.71, respectively, had an impact on medication non-adherence in HIV-positive patients.

To improve medication adherence among HIV patients, behavioral disease counseling experts and therapists should pay more attention to communication factors (improving patients social support from family and friends) and individual factors (not coping with the disease state and the effects of stigma and disclosing the disease).

Patient safety is one of the global concerns, as adverse events have many irreparable consequences. Among the challenges in improving patient safety is the preparation of medical students. Operating room as one of the main units of the hospital which covers the most important stage of patient's treatment is important to observe patient safety. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of virtual patient safety education on attitude and clinical practice of operating room technology students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study. 48 students of operating room technology were present in 1398. Students' attitude and clinical performance scores before and after training were measured using adaptation questionnaire and researcher-made checklist and data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using paired t-test.

Before intervention, mean and standard deviation of attitude and performance scores were 56.55 ± 11.10 and 54.89 ± 24.01 which reached to 71.09 ± 9.92 and 78.70 ± 10.53. Paired t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between attitude score and performance before and after the intervention (p <0.001).

The results of this study help hospital managers to improve the attitude and performance of operating room staff, to maintain patient safety and to institutionalize a safe atmosphere and to improve the quality of service delivery and reduce adverse events.

Patient safety is a fundamental principle in healthcare. Patient's safety-friendly standards are a set of requirements which are critical to the implementation of a hospital-wide patient safety program. This study aims to investigate patient's safety in Ahvaz Abuzar Hospital based on patient's safety-friendly standards.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 1401 on 30 employees related to patient safety through a non-random and purposive sampling method. The required data were collected by the first two axes of the World Health Organization's patient safety-friendly standards checklist, including governance and leadership - participation and interaction with patient and society, and using observation, interview and hospital documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using statistical tests (mean and standard deviation) of SPSS26 software and scored on a three-point Likert scale.

The level of the hospital's compliance with the first two axes of patient's safety-friendly standards (64 standards in total) was  considered good with an average of 80/4%. Mandatory and basic standards were at a good level and advanced standards were at an average level. The group of attracting participation and interacting with the patient and society with an average of 82/7% showed more compliance than the governance and leadership group with an average of 78/09%.

The condition of Abuzar Hospital was considered to be at a good level in terms of compliance with patient's safety-friendly standards. It is better to focus on the level of compliance with basic and advanced standards in future studies.

Patient safety is one of the most important concerns of the entire care system. Since patient falls have always been one of the most important safety challenges in the care system and are considered to be the cause of more than 90% of unwanted incidents reported during hospitalization. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating factors affecting falls in the operating room and providing a solution to reduce the occurrence of patient falls.

The present study was conducted using a systematic review method (metasynthesis). The search was performed using the keywords patient falls, patient safety, and falls in the operating room from the databases PUBMED, Science Direct, Ovid, Pro Quest, and articles related to patient falls in the operating room published before 2019 were included in the study. and was analyzed. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis method.

Fall risk factors include three categories of patient, environment and staff factors. Patient factors include age, obesity, impaired consciousness, restlessness and specific position, and use of specific medications. Environmental factors such as uneven surface and uneven paths, bed or broken stretcher. The factors of employees are team work, sense of responsibility and work conscience .

Preventing falls in the operating room during the entire time the patient is in the operating room and during surgery is one of the patient safety priorities, and the cooperation and teamwork of all operating room staff is the most important fall prevention strategy.

 Patient safety is an important component and one of the main elements of quality in health care systems. The patient safety status among the pre-hospital Emergency Medical Staff (EMS) in Iran is unclear and there is almost no information about adverse complications. Assessing the current patient safety culture can be a starting point for improving safety attitudes among health care workers, including pre-hospital EMS who are at the forefront of managing patients in critical conditions. This study aims to survey the attitude towards patient safety among pre-hospital EMS in Mashhad, Iran.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 438 full-time pre-hospital EMS with at least 6 months of operational work experience in Mashhad city in 2019, who were selected by a census method. The assessment tool was the Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test). The significance level was set at 0.05.

It was reported that 13.75% had a positive attitude towards patient safety. The mean total score of EMS-SAQ was 53.55±10.60. The most positive attitude was related to stress recognition (34.2%) and the lowest positive attitude was related to safety climate and perception of management (5.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between any demographic characteristics and overall attitude towards patient safety (P>0.05).

The patient safety culture of the pre-hospital EMS in Mashhad is not positive. This requires further research and also taking measures such as holding briefing sessions for managers and staff, increasing the number of staff, setting up an error reporting system, and including topics related to patient safety in the in-service training courses for the staff.

One of the most significant influencing factors in patient safety is the existence of a patient safety culture in the hospital. Patient safety culture is one of the important topics and one of the important concerns of managers and policy makers of the health system. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of determining the status of patient safety culture in Iranian hospitals.

In this systematic review study, electronic search in Farsi and English using keywords Patient Safety, Hospital, Patient safety culture, in databases Medline, Google Scholar, Elsevier Direct Science, Ovid, PubMed and patient safety culture, patient safety and The hospital was conducted in the database of Jihad University Scientific Database (SID), Iran Nursing Publications Bank (Nindex), Magiran and Iranmedex between 2010 and 2020. Articles were extracted in 2021.

A total of 182 articles were extracted and finally 23 articles were analyzed. In most hospitals, the overall scores of patient safety culture were reported as low and moderate. The highest score was related to the dimensions of the manager's expectations and actions in the direction of patient safety and the transfer of important patient information between different departments and shifts, team work within the department and organizational learning, and the lowest score was related to the dimensions of non-punitive response to events and the dimension of openness of communication channels.

valuing patient safety can be effective in the development and progress of hospitals in the country in order to improve the culture of patient safety. Improving relationships and teamwork within hospital units and creating a non-punitive environment can be effective in improving patient safety in the hospital.

Improving the safety culture is one of the important requirements for safe care in healthcare systems.Considering the importance of improving safety, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of electronic training on patient safety principles on patient safety culture by nurses in one of the selected military hospitals in Tehran.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial that was conducted on60 nurses working in a selected hospital in Tehran in 2021-2022. Nurses were assigned to two test and control groups(each group=30people)by simple random method Before the intervention, personal information questionnaire and patient safety culture assessment questionnaire were completed by nurses in both test and control groups. After holding a face-to-face meeting to introduce and explain the objectives of the study, the multimedia educational program was given to the test group in six two-hour sessions over a period of 6weeks.Also,the test group was provided with the possibility of questioning and answering on a web platform.The control group did not receive any intervention by the researchers.14 days after the training, the questionnaires were completed again by the nurses of the two groups.

The overall score of patient safety culture in the nurses of the two test groups (102.87±21.20)and control (105.5±21.91) before the intervention had no statistically significant difference(P=0.638);While after the intervention, the scores of the test group (183.97±11.7)were higher than the control group(120.40±21.91)(P<0.001).Also, the findings showed that the general score of patient safety culture in the nurses of the test group(P<0.001)and control(P=0.018)increased significantly after the intervention compared to before.

The implementation of the electronic training program of patient safety principles increases the patient safety culture among nurses. Therefore,it is suggested that planners and officials use this educational method regarding the promotion of safety culture.

The safety of patients and staffs is essential topic in the treatment and care of psychiatric patients in psychiatric wards and also permanent supply of high-quality and safe care is the tasks and concerns of these wards.

This study examines safety of patients and staffs in psychiatric wards and centers.

this systematic review was examined all qualitative and quantitative articles about safety in psychiatric settings that published in 2004-2015. Electronic search was done with English and persian keywords such as patient safety, psychiatric patients and psychiatric wards in databases including Medline, Elsevier, Nursing consult, ProQuest, Google Scholar, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, SID, Iranmedex, Nindex and Magiran. Data extraction form was used for data gathering. A total of 118 articles were found and 38 articles were identified for inclusion to study.

Results of this study shown that most of studies were discussed about safety events and its consequences and others were described knowledge gathering about the safety and Effective measures to increase safety in psychiatric settings. Main topics that discussed in Safety events were about violence and its consequences and also other events such as escape, self-injury, and suicide, transmission of infectious diseases, medication errors, and falls in psychiatry settings.

Many events occur in psychiatric wards. Safety and its risk factors in the care of mental patients has less been discussed. Therefore we recommend that Continuing Studies and the integration of research and clinical activities for transfer of knowledge and training to ensure better functions and make the necessary changes.

Maintaining patient safety (PS) is one of professional and ethical duties of health care providers. Nurses, as the largest professional group in the health system, have a potential and significant power in influencing the health care quality. Their competency in PS is essential to ensure quality and safe care. Education plays a vital role in improving PS and providing high quality nursing care. Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 and the need to observe social distancing, it is not possible to hold face-to-face courses. Hence, e-learning is a valuable option during this pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of online PS education on the competence of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).

This is a single-group quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design that was conducted in 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were 50 nurses working in the ICUs of Hazrate Rasoole Akram Hospital and Firoozgar Hospital affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, who were by a proportional stratified sampling method. The content of the educational program was prepared using clinical guidelines and the literature which included materials about (1) PS and its different aspects (medication error, hemovigilance, pressure ulcer, fall, nosocomial infections, hand hygiene, surface and equipment disinfection, and waste management), (2) PS culture, (3) the effects of human factors and teamwork on error incidence, (4) importance of communication with patients before and after the occurrence of errors and giving appropriate feedback on errors, (5) root cause analysis of errors, (6) activity analysis after an adverse event, and (7) risk management. The program was prepared using Storyline version 3 software. Educational content was provided to participants on Telegram application. Before and three months after the intervention, data were collected using the Patient Safety Competency Self-evaluation (PSCSE) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test) in SPSS software, version 22.

The mean scores of PS knowledge (21.75±3.28), attitude (61.52±4.19) and skill (84.66±53.7) after the intervention were significantly higher compared to their pretest scores (P<0.001). The mean of total competency score (167.93±11.61) was also significantly higher after the intervention. Results showed that the educational program improved the nurses' competence by 17.86%. The education had the highest effect on PS knowledge, followed by PS skills and attitudes.

Online education can increase PS knowledge, skills, and attitudes in ICU nurses and can ultimately promote their competence in PS. Nursing managers can use e-learning method to provide in-service training and retraining courses on familiarity with PS concepts, which can help manage medical errors caused by nurses. This learning method is recommended for nurses working in ICUs, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.