جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Moral Development » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

paying attention to moral development components in junior high school textbooks, that the students at this age are at a critical stage, is very important. So the aim of this study was to Content analysis of junior high school textbooks based on attention to components of moral development.
 

In this study, "Shannon Entropy" content analysis method is used which, using a new vision, discusses data processing in the content analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively. Texts, questions, and practices were regarded as the unit of analysis. The content of junior high school textbooks was examined based on 7 main components and 14 sub-components of moral development, in 1398 year.
 

The results of the analysis showed that the internal Self-improvement and self-purification component with (90) cases have been the most frequency, and the self-sufficiency component with (0) cases has been least frequency. Also, the highest importance coefficient was related to internal Self-improvement and self-purification component (0.121), and the least importance coefficient was related to self-sufficiency component (0.00006).
 

Findings from frequency of components showed that components of moral development in the junior secondary school textbooks, do not have a normal distribution, so that very little attention is paid to moral development components. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the components of moral development in compiling the junior high school textbooks.

 Non-observance of ethics in society causes many problems for the general public, and on a smaller scale in the hospital, non-observance of ethical points will result in harmful issues. In order to promote ethical goals in the organization or in other words to promote ethics in university hospitals based on scientific and management recommendations, it is absolutely necessary to use new technologies, which will be investigated in the last step of the research.

 In this research, methods of library studies, in-depth interviews with experts, surveying experts, and observation are used to collect data. Considering the nature of the study, "content analysis ofobtained data" was performed in the hospitals of the University of Medical Sciences and health care services. The opinions of organizational ethics experts in the healthcare industry and other ethics academic experts, ethics and organizational culture, and strategic management were researched.

 In coding the text of the interview, the researcher used natural or live codes, which were the same as the interviewees' sentences, or expressed his understanding of the sentences. This is called confirmation code, which is based on the materials that have been formed from past researches. Appropriate codeswere assigned. The main question of the current research was to obtain fundamental concepts in the field of organizational ethics breaches in the hospital, and this goal was also kept in mind during coding. Moreover, the dimensions of the model and the relationships between the dimensions were also in acknowledged, andwere taken into account in the coding. The ethics of the treatment staff does not only pertainto the doctors, but also to other departments that treat the patient in some way. In the meantime, nurses have the most interaction with patients and their and companions, and due to the nature of their work, they must be morally restrained and self-controlled in order to be able to behave ethically, so as not tocause discomfort to the patient, but also relieve him mentally.

 This plan is comprehensive and helps recognition of the fact thatdevelopment of ethics in hospitals is comprehensive, requires prioritization, has various dimensions, and that it should be considered as an organizational goal.

Conduct problems are the cause of delinquency in adolescents that can be influenced by parenting and the level of development of their moral judgment. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of authoritarian parenting on conduct problems mediated by the development of moral judgment in male adolescents living in correction and rehabilitation center.  

The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of path analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all adolescent boys in correction and rehabilitation centers in Kerman, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces and one of their parents ranging in age from 16 to 12 years, which consistently includes 220 adolescents; But 180 questionnaires were completed and entered into the analysis. All of them participated in the study by census method. Data were collected using Demographic Information Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ) and Moral Development Questionnaire (MDQ) was performed.

The direct effects of authoritarian parenting on the growth of moral judgment (β=-0.426; p=0.001), authoritarian parenting on conduct problems (β=0.322; p = 0.001), the growth of moral judgment is significant on conduct problems (β=-0.432; p=0.001). the indirect effect of authoritarian parenting mediated by the growth of moral judgment on conduct problems (β=0.270; p= 0.001) is significant and has a minor mediating role.

Authoritarian parenting is a negative factor on adolescents' moral development that can affect the rate of behavior problems. It is suggested that in order to improve the conduct problems of delinquent adolescents, parenting education should be provided to the parents of their adolescents and treatment programs should be provided to improve the development of moral judgment for delinquent adolescents in rehabilitation centers.

 Human is the only creature in this world who seeks happiness and morality is one of their most essential needs to achieve happiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater on the moral development of elementary students.

 The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The population of this study included all the fifth- and sixth-grade elementary students in Ardabil in 2020-21. Forty-eight people were selected through convenience sampling method and were assigned into two experimental groups (philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater groups) and the control group (N=16 each). For the philosophy training group, a philosophy training program for children and for the educational-pedagogical theater group, a designed educational-pedagogical theater program were implemented. However, the control group did not receive any training. The Moral Growth Test was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive indicators and MANCOVA with SPSS 26 statistical software.

Ethical Considerations:

 In this study, preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness were observed and the participants answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of the research objectives.

 The results of analysis of covariance showed that the philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater had a significant effect on improving the moral development (p<0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effect of the philosophy training on the students' moral development was significantly greater than that of the educational-pedagogical theater (p<0.05).

 The findings of this study provide useful information regarding the philosophy training and educational-pedagogical theater and their effect on improving moral development. Counselors and psychologists can use these interventions to improve the moral growth in elementary students.

With the proliferation of ethical issues in nursing care and the placement of people in situations where lack of reasoning power confuses them, there is a need for more and more research on the ethical evolution of nurses.  The aim of this study was to investigate the level of moral development of nurses working in Golestan Medical Center in Ahvaz and the effect of retraining courses (by providing periodic seminars and posters) on the growth rate of moral development of nurses. 

This study was performed by quasi-experimental method. The study population was all nurses working in specialized and sub-specialized teaching-medical Golestan hospital in Ahvaz. In this study, 73 nurses were calculated according to the same article and according to 4 units, there was a significant difference between trained and untrained scores. According to the conditions of entry, they entered the study and completed the Kelberg Moral Development Questionnaire before and after the intervention. Admission requirements were a bachelor's degree in nursing and at least one year of work experience.The Kelberg Ethics Development Questionnaire consists of two parts: demographic information and the nursing riddle test. The nursing riddle test includes 6 scenarios of infants with severe abnormalities, compulsory medication, adult demand for death, familiarization of a new nurse, medication error, and patients in the later stages of the disease. Our intervention, which included holding a seminar on ethics in three time intervals with an interval of 3 months and installing the poster "Ethical codes in nursing" in different parts of the hospital in this time interval in dimensions (60×90) and with colored shapes. Questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention by nurses having the conditions of entry.  The results were compared and reviewed after collecting data through SPSS software and using descriptive statistics and calculating means and percentage and frequency. 

In the demographic information section, other than the place of service, other variables were not related to moral evolution. In the moral decision section, which is the first question of the questionnaire for each scenario. Increased moral decision making after training in the infant scenario with severe anomalies, compulsory medication, familiarization of new and adult nurses with severe disease in the final stages were statistically significant. (P<0.001) Comparison of the mean total score of moral thinking of nurses before and after training showed that the difference between the mean score of moral thinking in each scenario was statistically significant and the total score of moral thinking of participants was (P<0.001) and it has increased.

This study showed that holding retraining courses and installing posters has an effective role in improving the moral development of nurses.

During the study period, students should achieve an appropriate level of moral development and make the right moral decisions by starting the clinical work. The aim of this study was done to determine the level of moral development of nursing students and the effective factors on it.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 on 188 nursing students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed by convenience sampling method. The Kelberg Moral Evolution Questionnaire with 95% reliability, was used to collect data. This questionnaire includes 6 scenarios on the subject of infants with severe anomalies, drug coercion, adults' demand for death, introduction of a new nurse and the patients in the late stages of the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and descriptive and analytical statistical tests.

In this study, 32 nursing students (17.02%) were at the pre-customary level, 61 nursing students (32.44%) at the customary level, 81 nursing students (43.08%) at the post-customary level and 14 nursing students (7.44 %) were at the level of clinical considerations. Also, the mean score of moral thinking of the participants in the study was 42.55 ± 5.54 and the mean score of clinical considerations was 20.06 ± 3.83.

The present study showed that despite the presence of more than half of the students were in customary and post customary levels, a considerable number of them were still at low levels of moral development. Therefore, nursing administrators should pay more attention to the moral education of nursing students.

 Family is like a school where parents teach the lessons of humanity and morality, which are the foundation of human happiness, to their children. Moral development is an essential part of children’s understanding of moral rules and principles. The lack of moral development, along with anxiety, and depression exposes children to antisocial and suicidal behaviors. Moral development is associated with parenting styles and attachment. This study aims to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and moral development of preschool children mediated by children’s attachment.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 128 children (64 girls and 64 boys) selected from 8 preschools in Tehran Province, Iran, in 2020 using a cluster sampling technique. The study data were collected using three questionnaires: Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ), the Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (KCAQ), and Lotfabadi Moral Development Questionnaire (MDQ). The first two tools were completed by mothers of children, while the MDQ was completed by children. The Kolmogorov-Simonov test, correlation test (Enter method), analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis in SPSS v. 21.

 The regression analysis results showed that parenting styles had a significant relationship with moral development (R=0.74, Adjusted R2=0.54, P=0.000). Also, attachment had a significant association with moral development (R=0.71, Adjusted R2=0.49, P=0.000). With one unit change in permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles, the moral development of preschool children can be predicted by 43.5%, 19%, and 37.6%, respectively. Moreover, with one unit change in positive adjustment/development, negative behavior, emotional reactivity, and distancing from caregiver support dimensions of attachment, the moral development of preschool children can be predicted by 33.6%, 38.4%, -26.4%, and -11.4%, respectively. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that the attachment variable was the mediator of the relationship of parenting styles with moral development (z=2.29>1.96). 

 The moral development of children is related to permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles. Besides, children’s attachment can mediate the relationship between parenting styles and moral development. More planning and follow-up are needed to improve the moral development of preschool children. When parents are consistent in their parenting styles, they provide their children with assertive and trusting behaviors. They should listen to their children and promote dialogue with them. Their discipline should be accompanied by warmness, logic, and flexibility and give their children the freedom to some extent. This treatment can help children develop their social behavior.

It is believed that the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is defective. These children are deficient in moral judgment, making it difficult for them to interact with others.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of psychodrama techniques in improving the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The research method is a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of this study consist of all children aged 7 to12 years with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who have been referred to Shiraz medical clinics in 2019 for treatment. Thirty children from the aforementioned population whose ADHD diagnosis were confirmed by a psychiatrist were selected as subjects and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Then the subjects were asked to complete the Sinha & Verma’s moral judgment test and their scores were considered as pre-test scores. Then the experimental group received an intervention of "psychodrama techniques" for 1.5 hours per week for a duration of 8 weeks; while the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, both groups were asked to complete a post-test and were followed up 2 months after the intervention. The data are analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance in SPSS-22 software.

The findings demonstrate that psychodrama techniques were effective on improving the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0.005).

According to the findings, psychodrama techniques can be used as an effective intervention to improve the moral development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this article was to identify the factors affecting the moral development of elementary school students in Tehran from the perspective of experts in order to provide a suitable model. The research method in terms of developmental purpose and in terms of data type is part of a series of consecutive exploratory research, which is both qualitative and quantitative, which was done by the foundation data method, and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes a number of specialists and in the quantitative section includes all male and female primary school teachers in the 19 districts of Tehran who were employed in the academic year 2019-20, the number of whom was 23,593. In the qualitative section, 12 people were selected by snowball targeted method and in the quantitative section, 377 people were selected by cluster and random method. The results showed; In the developed model, out of 88 indicators, 6 main dimensions and 20 sub-components can be identified, which are: living environment and upbringing (role of family environment in moral development, role of educational environment in moral development), use of moral arguments ( Cognitive arguments, emotional arguments) Supportive environment including (family and educators have scientific knowledge, use of incentives) Psychological, social and educational harms including (harms caused by personality and psychological characteristics, harms caused by improper use From the media) creating knowledge includes (responsibility, role modeling) moral virtues include (human dignity). In addition, the developed model has a suitable structure.

Moral distress is one of the most common ethical issues in health profession that can have different consequences for nurses to be followed .This study aims to develop ethical and moral distress communication was in the Nursing Bam.The sample included 166 nurses of educational hospitals in the city of Bam in 2015 , questionnaire based on Corley’s Moral Distress  and kohlberg moral distress. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software,
descriptive statistics Spearman’s correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used.

Ethical care is contingent on a proper level of moral reasoning,which can be categorized into pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional reasoning. At the preconventional level, individuals are mostly self-oriented and prefer obedience to avoid blame. At the conventional level people apply laws and social principles to decision-making, and at the post-conventional level they try to guide their actions and behaviors with regard to ethical principles and make humanist and ethical decisions. 10 patients (0.6%) of nurses in the pre-conventional level, 51 (30.7%) in conventional, 94 (56/6%) in the post-conventional (NP). There was a significant relationship between age and repeated distress ( P <0.05), the age of nurses is lower the higher the intensity of distress. Gender also has an effect on the severity of moral distress nurses . So that women were more severe distress.

The results of this study, there was no relation between moral distress and moral development, in other words, workplace stress has no effect on the ethical performance of nurses do not study. Moral distress level was moderate in severity and recur. Also, only half of the nurses in the study were pre-conventional level of moral perfection in the expression of inadequate nursing care, indicating the need for more attention to the moral education of nurses.

Education of medical ethics alone has not been able to encourage medical students to respect ethics. The internalization of ethics is a subject that uses educational methods for moral growth.

This article reviews the views and concepts of Kohlberg and Rest.

Suggestions are set up in four categories. Executive suggestions are categorized in three types such as cognitive, tendency and voluntary, each of these can be done in three ways namely: direct, semidirect and indirect.

36 executive methods are proposed, which can improve the morality of medical students.