جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « hplc » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Intraosseous infusion is considered a useful technique for administration of medications and fluids in emergency situations when peripheral intravascular access is unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intraosseous (IO) versus intravenous (IV) administration of oxytetracycline for delivery of antibiotic to the central circulation in dogs. Four intact mongrel dogs weighing 15-20 Kg of both sexes between 1 to 3 years old received 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline intravenously. The animals were allowed to recover, and, after a two-week timeout period, each dog received the same antibiotic and dose as before through a femoral Jamshidi bone marrow needle. Blood samples were taken for antibiotic assay immediately before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 24 hours after injections using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between serum oxytetracycline levels comparing intraosseous and intravenous administration at all assay intervals. Serum levels of oxytetracycline after IV administration were significantly higher than those after IO injection at all time intervals but decreased significantly at 24 hours after injection. Peak oxytetracycline serum concentrations were achieved in IV (7.69±1.25 µg/ml) and IO (4.20±0.09 µg/ml) routs after 0.5 and 2.5 hours, respectively. However, Oxytetracycline levels were above therapeutic concentration by both intravenous and intraosseous routes. No side effects were observed in relation with the intraosseous administration of the drug. Thus, IO route appears to be practical and effective for the rapid delivery of oxytetracycline in dogs. In conclusion, oxytetracycline may be administered intraosseously when intravenous access is not possible.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, especially Aspergillus spp, on grains and animal feeds. The most important mycotoxins are aflatoxins, including aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2.

The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in the feed ingredients of livestock and poultry and to evaluate the effect of the season and spatial variation on aflatoxin contamination.

Ninety-three feedstock samples were collected from three major factories in Kermanshah province, Iran, during four seasons. The samples were analyzed by HPLC, and values for aflatoxins were determined. The sum of the aflatoxins was determined as the total for each sample. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23 using general linear model (GLM) based on complete block design (samples and seasons).

Six out of 93 samples were positive for aflatoxin B1. Positive samples were mainly related to cold seasons. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the positive samples in terms of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, and total).

The aflatoxin B1 levels in animal feed were found higher during rainy seasons compared to the summer season. The aflatoxin B1, carried over from feed to livestock and poultry products in different seasons, may cause high contamination in livestock and poultry products at levels over the tolerance limit. Therefore, continuous surveillance of aflatoxins is required in animal feeds to reduce animal and consequently human exposure

Carum carvi (Carium) or caraway is traditionally used for the treatment of several metabolic and non-metabolic disorders. In the current study, extracted oil, flavonoids, and alkaloids from the Carium were used to evaluate the effects of these components on blood lipid profile and heart regeneration from oxidative damages caused by hydrogen peroxide consumption. A total of 50 male BALB/c mice were used in this study with a body weight of 23-32 g. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10). Group 1: The animals in this group were considered the control group and fed with a normal diet. Group 2: Hyperoxidative stress was induced in this group by giving hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% into the drinking water for 6 weeks. After this period, they did not receive any treatments and only received saline solution by intraperitoneal (IP) injection once a day for 4 weeks. Group 3: Hyperoxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 6 weeks. All the animals in this group received 1.25 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) extracted oil from Caraway seeds for 4 weeks by IP injection once a day each week. Group 4: Hyperoxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 6 weeks. All the animals in this group received 61.28 mg/kg B.W. extracted flavonoids from Caraway seeds for 4 weeks by IP injection once a day each week. Group 5: Hyperoxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1% for 6 weeks. All the animals in this group received 7.8 mg/kg B.W. extracted alkaloids from Caraway seeds for 4 weeks by IP injection once a day each week. The levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde were estimated in the liver and kidneys in the animals with cardiovascular disorders induced by hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1%. The results of the current study showed that the alkaloids had the greatest effect in reducing harmful total cholesterol and a complete recovery of the heart and aorta from atherosclerotic lesions through viewing the tissue sections.

A 3-year-old pregnant Arabian mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with a history of bleeding and rodenticide ingestion. The results of paraclinical examinations showed severe normocytic and normochromic anemia, decreased serum total protein, albumin, and fibrinogen concentrations, increased serum total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine concentrations, as well as increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity. Three days after treatment, all the clinical signs were resolved, however, fetus abortion occurred. In order to confirm the suspected cause of abortion and toxicosis, high-performance liquid chromatography was performed on serum sample of mare and liver tissue of the aborted fetus and toxicosis was confirmed. Poisoning with brodifacoum is considered as an important and lethal poisoning for both human being and animals.To our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous toxicosis and abortion with brodifacoum. Brodifacoum toxicosis can be effectively managed with early diagnosis, good paraclinical examinations and appropriate treatment.

Although preliminary studies have shown the anticoccidial effects of Artemisinin in broiler chickens, there are no proofs of its pharmacokinetics. The objective of this study was to determine the serum concentration of Artemisinin after single and multiple oral administration in broiler chickens. A total of 390 one-day-old healthy Ross 308 chickens were divided randomly into two groups. In the first group, single oral doses of 0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Artemisinin were given on day 44, and in the second group 0, 17, 34, 68 and 136 ppm of Artemisinin were given chronically in the diet over a 36-day period. An HPLC system with UV detector was used to determine serum level of Artemisinin. Data were presented as Mean ± SE and analyzed using the linear mixed model (p