Ursolic acid is a natural compound of tryptophan pentacyclic which is found in flowers and fruits, as well as in some medicinal plants such as mint, basil, savory. In this study, the effect of ursolic acid on C2C12 cells and satellite cells (SC) which are isolated from native day-old chicks was investigated. First, the cells were cultured using the pre-plating method. Then, to determine the appropriate dose of ursolic acid, the MTT technique was used. Also, qRT-PCR technique was used to investigate the expression of genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, the independent t-student test was used for mean comparison between the treated and control groups.  Microscopic images and the results of the flow cytometry technique using PAX7 antibodies confirmed the nature of satellite cells. Also, the results have been illustrated  that ursolic acid at a concentration of 0.00025 mg / ml significantly increased the expression of genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells, including PAX7, MyoD and Myogenin (p <0.05). Ursolic acid appears to increase muscle hypertrophy in native chickens through increasing the expression of the PAX7, Myogenin and MyoD genes. As a result, ursolic acid can be suggested as a suitable material for improving the growth in native chickens.

It appears that exercise training and consumption of some supplementation can be effective in improving glucose homeostasis and blood lipids by increasing circulating level of adiponectin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) and Ursolic Acid (UA) supplementation on serum level of adiponectin and insulin in inactive overweight men.

This was a semi-experimental study that a total of 34 inactive overweight men (age: 23.35 ± 1.7 years old, weight: 75.64 ± 2.15 kg, body mass index: 29.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in, and randomly assigned into three groups: RT + UA (n=12), RT + placebo (n=12), and UA (n=10). RT program included four upper body and four lower-body movements performed at 70-85% one-repetition maximum. Participants consumed 150 mg of UA along with every meal. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) test by SPSS.

Adiponectin was significantly increased in RT + UA and RT + placebo groups. On the other hand, the serum level of insulin was significantly decreased in these two groups. Changes of both serum adiponectin and insulin were significantly different between the RT + UA and RT + placebo (p<0.001 for both variables), RT + UA and placebo (p<0.001 for both variables), and RT + placebo and placebo groups (p<0.001 for both variables).

Resistance training with ursolic acid supplementation is likely to be more beneficial in preventing cardiovascular disease.

Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer and it has the highest rate of growth among different types of cancers. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, is a major bioactive compound in several traditional medicinal plants including pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) flower. UA has very important biological and pharmacological functions.

In this study, cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract of pomegranate flowers and isolated UA against B16f10 mouse melanoma cells were investigated.

The isolation of UA from pomegranate flowers was done by using ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by normal-phase flash chromatography. The chemical structure of isolated UA was identified by GC-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The ethanol extract of pomegranate flowers and isolated UA were then tested for the cytotoxicity against B16f10 mouse melanoma cell lines. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay.

Ursolic acid was successfully isolated from pomegranate flowers by using normal-phase flash chromatography. After one flash chromatography run, the purity of UA reached more than 97% with a total yield of 0.1 % of dried pomegranate flower powder. Treatment of B16f10 cells with ethanol extract of pomegranate flowers and isolated UA exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity after incubation for 48 and 72 hours. It was observed for pomegranate flower extract in a concentration and time dependent manner.

The results suggested that pomegranate flower extract and isolated UA can be encouraging compounds in the prevention and treatment of melanoma.

Triterpenic acids, specifically Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids, are essential bioactive compounds found in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. fruit, possessing therapeutic properties for various diseases, including cancer. However, the amount of these triterpenic acids can vary depending on geographical and cultivation conditions. For this purpose, jujubes grown in orchards of 29 different habitats in different provinces located in the east, northeast, south, center, and west of Iran were sampled at the end of the summer season. The triterpenic acids present in the dried jujube powder were extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15 mL/g, under ultrasonic waves at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 35 minutes. The extracted acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector. The obtained data were subjected to subsequent nested analysis and the Tukey test. The results revealed that only the average amount of betulinic acid significantly varied among the ecotypes. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the diversity of these three triterpenic acids, the studied ecotypes were divided into four clusters. Cluster 1, representing Iran's eastern and northeastern regions, exhibited the highest amounts of these triterpenic acids. However, the analysis of variance among the clusters showed no significant difference among them. The results showed that the climatic conditions, soil quality, seed, and agricultural methods can be effective in changing or not changing the amounts of triterpenic acids in jujube.

The Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid presented in apple peels have a potential antioxidant acivity. Antiprolifertive acivity of the triterpenoids against human liver cancer cells, breast cancer cells and colon cancer ells is evaluated. In this study, we have used Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid which are predominant isolated triterpenoids of the apple peels.. The purpose of this study is to determine antimutation and anticarcinogen effect of Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid against Sodium Azide mutagen substance by the use of Microsome and Ames test. These substances were white powder and soluble in Acetone and bought from sigma company. The bacterium used in this test is a strain of Salmonella thyphimurium (TA100) that carries a selective mutation in its Histidine Operon. We also added Microsome to improve anticancer activity of this two triterpenoids. In this study, inhibition percentage from mutation was 83% for ursolic acid and 76.4 % for oleanolic acid in presence of Microsome (and 77.6 % for Ursolic Acid and 69.8 % for Oleanolic Acid in absence of Microsome). Therefore, presence of anti mutation Ursolic Acid and oleanolic acid along with mutagen substance reduced quantity of back mutation and Inhibition over 40 % recommended as a powerful antimutation substance. Therefore, apple peel has large amount of active Phytochemicals, with Antimutation and Anticarcinogen activity and Ursolic Acid has more antimutation activity than Oleanolic acid.

Ursolic acid (UA) is known as a naturally occurring triterpene pentacyclic compound in some medicinal herbs including savory that affects the skeletal muscle. In the current study, the effect of UA was evaluated on C2C12 cells and satellite cells (SCs) isolated from native broiler chicks. First in the in vitro experiment, the C2C12 cell line obtained from the Stem Cell Technology Research Center and the SCs were isolated and purified from one-day chickens and then treated with UA. In the in vivo experiment, UA was injected intramuscularly based on the body weight to chicks during the first seven days, two times a day, from day one to day seven by the appropriate dose obtained in the in vitro experiment, and then SCs were isolated from pectoralis muscle at the last day. The purification was confirmed by assessment of PAX-7 expression in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In fact, SCs and C2C12 cells were cultured for seven days in 10% serum medium with vehicle alone (0.1% DMSO) or UA (0.00025, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.0015 and 0.002 mg/mL) along with DMSO (1 mL). The findings from the in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that UA at 0.00025 mg/mL significantly increased the expression of genes involved in the SCs proliferation and differentiation including PAX-7, MyoD and Myogenin, and improve the muscle hypertrophy. As a result, UA can be suggested as a suitable material to reduce the breeding period and faster growth of skeletal muscle in broiler chickens.

Sahendian savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) is an Iranian endemic species from Lamiaceae family. This plant has been used in the food industry, cosmetics and medical preparations. In the current study, drought stress was induced at flowering stage based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in green house. Treatments were considered as five sampling times (control, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) with three interval days that imposed after stopping irrigation. Soil volumetric moisture, and several physiological traits were measured, including leaf water potential, relative water content, pigments, soluble sugars, and proline. Metabolite profiling revealed that metabolites, such as rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, carnosic acid, soluble sugars and proline affected by drought stress and significantly increased by drought stress. The oil yield and thymol as the most valuable compound in the oil of Sahandian savory, was significantly increased, although, the quantitative content of some compounds in oil such as Carvacrole, γ-Terpinene and p- Cymene were decreased in response to drought stress. It can be concluded that in addition to osmoprotectant accumulation, savory plant improved its drought tolerance by changing in its secondary metabolites’ components in essential oil and in extract. In conclusion, the combination of metabolite profiling and physiological parameters contributed to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of savory plant’s response at metabolomics level.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases in the world and was previously recognized as a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deformity and the formation of new bones at the edges of the joint. But this disease is not just a degenerative disease but also a biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular phenomenon. Common treatments include side effects such as peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver toxicity, and kidney complications. Therefore, we decided to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of Ursolic acid, Active ingredient of Salvia officinalis L. (Salvia officinalis L.) on the biomarkers that are important for osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of uric acid (derived from the herb of the sage) in cells that caused osteoarthritis. We first used THP-1 cells as a model similar to monocyte / macrophage cells and synoviocytes cells as a model similar to human cartilage cells. After treatment of the cells by LPS and inducing osteoarthritis, they were treated with Ursulic acid (Prepared by Sigma Company). DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) was used as a solvent and a negative control, and steroid and non steroid drugs were used as positive controls. Ursolic acid at a concentration of 1 μg / ml, Significantly reduces the level of expression of the pre-inflammatory cytokines including: (TNF-α), (IL-1β), (IL-18), (iNOS), (COX2), (iNOS). The results of this study show that the use of Ursolic Acid by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the model like osteoarthritis can lead to an improvement in the disease and, in this regard, recommends an in-vivo test

Ursolic Acid (as known, ursol، prunol، malol، 3β-hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural lipophilic, triterpenoid which exist in wide range of plant and fruits. In recent decades, it was appreciated due to biological potential and therapeutic effects of this compound. In this review article, it is tried to explain the source of food which exist Ursolic Acid, biosynthesis, extraction and purification, absorption level, distribution, and also protective effects on the body organs such as brain, skeletal muscle, liver ….and pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer effect, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetics and anti-microbila in opposed of variety of bacteria, fungi and virus as like as HIV, HBV. In addition, this review study showed that Ursolic Acid may a potential candidate in prevention of dysfunction and diseases such as Alzheimer, atherosclerosis, muscle atrophy, pulmonary inflammation, overweight, the type of cancers (liver, stomach, intestine, pancreas, skin and so on), diabetes type 2, HIV and also aging and age-related diseases. Finally, this article hoped to present beneficial effects of Ursolic Acid in utilizing of food, drug, medicine, cosmetics.

Betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid are highly valuable pentacyclic triterpenoids because of their wide spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-ulcer, gastroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic. Salvia sahendica Boiss. & Buhse is an aromatic, endemic perennial herb which grows in the restricted regions of Northwest of Iran. In the present study, callus induction and cell suspension culture establishment of the plant for the production of triterpenoids were studied. Callus induction was conducted from in vitro-grown leaf explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l−1) and BA (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l−1) base on factorial complete random design experiment. Maximum callus induction (100%) was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. The study of cell growth curve showed that the highest fresh weight (13.2g) and dry weight (2.2g) obtained after 4 week of culture. High content of ursolic acid (173.81 mg/100g DW), betulinic acid (162.2 mg/100g DW) and oleanolic acid (174.32 81 mg/100g DW) were obtained at third week of culture. Results showed that the content of betulinic acid and ursolic acid at third week of culture was 10.4 and 1.5-fold than the aerial part of wild growing plant. These results can be considered for scaling-up of triterpenoids production in bioreactors