اسماعیل کرمی

Considering to the new conditions compared to the traditional concept, military training courses should be designed in such a way that becomes efficient, effective, and works properly and practical. In contrast, their physical training develops from other types of aspects such as metabolic and hormonal. Resistance exercise (RE) with different types of military and training equipments, such as gas masks, and training masks that performs with a low intensity, results in different physiological responses and effects. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to study the effect of two types of military and training masks during resistance sports exercise on lactate and growth hormone responses in the AJA simulated training program.

In this study, the case-crossover method was used. Twelve military personnel trained (with an average age of 27.75 ± 6.45 years and a body mass index of 25.41 ± 3.43 kg/m2) were randomly chosen and examined in three different physiological training methods traditional (control) training (Intensity: 1RM 75%), training with military and training masks (1RM 30%). The RE consisted of performing 4 squat movements with a total of 65 repetitions. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the workout. The data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance method with repeated measurements, with SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of P<0.05.

All three types of exercise caused a significant increase in lactate (P<0.05) and no increase in growth hormone except the traditional method immediately after the exercise, but there was a significant difference between the groups in the amount of lactate, but not in the amount of growth hormone (P<0.05).

Studies have shown that both methods of resistance sports activity with a military mask and exercise such as routine resistance activity can cause a significant increase in blood lactate after exercise. This research confirms the effectiveness of this type of training on lactate increase response and can meet the goals expected from high-intensity training.

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment than more traditional exercise. Therefore, this research aims to compare eight weeks of HIFT with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on some factors of physical fitness, time to exhaustion, and lactate levels in officer students. In this semi-experimental research, 30 officer students with an average age of 20.04 ± 0.84 were randomly divided into 15 HIIT and HIFT groups. All the tests were done before and after the implementation of exercise protocols. Both HIIT (running-based) and HIFT (bodyweight-based functional movements) protocols were performed for 8 weeks, 3 days per week, at the intensity of 85-90% of the maximum heart rate. Basic evaluations included body composition evaluation, fatigue test, muscle strength and power test, and Army physical fitness test. The findings of this research showed that HIFT and HIIT increased respectively aerobic fitness (15.69%, 9.61%), back and leg muscle strength (16.02%, 5.02%), vertical jump (25.31%, 5.14%), push-up (19.61%, 9.39%), sit up (18.24%, 9.83%), time to exhaustion (16.21%, 14.41%) and reduced body fat percentage (18.38%, 12.18%), and lactate levels (22.89%, 14.77%). Also, HIFT was more effective than HIIT in increasing aerobic fitness (P=0.0001), back and leg muscle strength (P=0.0001), leg muscle power (P=0.0001), abdominal and shoulder girdle muscle (P=0.0001) endurance, time to exhaustion (P=0.0001), and reducing body fat percentage (P=0.002). It seems that high-intensity training, especially HIFT can improve several factors of physical fitness at the same time, and it is more suitable for tactical athletes (soldiers, firefighters, etc.) who need high physical fitness to perform their duties.

Apart from the tactical and technical advances in military and weapons sciences, the psychological component of war and preparation has received more attention in recent years. The aim of the present study is the effectiveness of EFT exercises on the physical fitness factors of Imam Ali Officer University students.

The current research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this research was the students of Imam Ali Officer University (AS) in 1401, 30 of them were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into 2 intervention (15) and control (15) groups. In the pre-test phase, first, ACRT test was taken from all 40 people, then in a meeting, the intervention group, which was 15 people, was taught the EFT technique and how to practice it, and they practiced 10 sessions of the EFT technique along with the physical exercises they had daily; And the control group, which was 15 people, only practiced the physical exercises they had daily in these 10 sessions. After the completion of 10 training sessions, the post-test stage was performed as the pre-test. The analysis of data related to physical fitness factors was done with correlated t-test in SPSS software version 22.

 The findings show that the average running time of 70 meters in the EFT group went from 9.15±0.77 to 8.60±0.75 and the average carrying of injured participants in this group went from 9.16±1.44 to 35. It decreased by 8.50±1 second, which shows a significant difference in performance according to the significance level of 0.05. While the average running time of 70 meters in the control group increased from 9.38±0.93 to 9.36±0.88 seconds and also, the average carrying of injured participants in this group increased from 9.52±1.43 to ±1.42. It decreased by 9.49 seconds, which according to the significance level of 0.05 does not show a significant difference in performance (P-Value<0.05).

 In general, the results of the present study showed that after hitting the meridian points and self-talk, the performance of Imam Ali University students improved. Therefore, it is suggested that military trainers and commanders consider EFT along with their physical programs to improve the performance of students and soldiers.

Shooting plays an important role among the acquired skills of soldiers and is considered one of the main criteria for measuring their capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training interventions on shooting performance in both military and sports fields.

National and international databases from the beginning to April 2022 were searched. In addition, a manual search and a complete review of the sources of the articles were also performed.

After reviewing the entire text of the articles, 22 full-text articles were selected that investigated the effect of training interventions on shooting performance in both military and sports fields. The meta-analysis results showed that training interventions have a significant effect on shooting performance both in the military field (p=0.001) and in the sports field (p=0.001).

In the current review study, it was found that training interventions have a significant effect on improving the performance of shooters in both military and sports fields. In addition, the results of this review study showed that all interventions can have a positive effect on improving the performance of shooters. Also, the results showed that both physical and mental training interventions are effective in improving shooting performance; Therefore, it is recommended to use them  together to improve shooting performance in both military and sports fields.

Defense of the country is the duty of the armed forces, the aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of self-talk exercises on the physical fitness factors in students.

This is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population was the students of Imam Ali Officers University, Tehran, Iran in 2022, 30 of them were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned into 2 intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In the pre-test, the time of each student in running 70 meters and carrying the injured was measured. Then, in a meeting, the intervention group was taught self-talk and how to practice it, and they did 10 self-talk exercises along with their daily physical exercises. The control group only practiced the physical exercises. After the completion of 10 training sessions, the post-test was performed as the pre-test.

In the self-talk intervention group, after 10 training sessions, the mean performance in the 70-meter run significantly decreased from 9.44±1 to 8.72±0.82, and the mean carrying the injured significantly decreased from 9.41±1.73 to 8.70 ±1.11. The mean running time of 70 meters in the control group was decreased from 9.38±0.93 to 9.36±0.88 seconds and also, the mean carrying of injured in this group was decreased from 9.52±1.43 to 9.49±1.42 seconds, which was not significant (P<0.05).

In general, these findings showed that after self-talk, the performance of students improved. Therefore, it is suggested that the coaches and commanders of the army consider self-talk exercises along with their physical programs to improve the students' performance.

Shooting plays an important role among acquired skills and is considered one of the main criteria for assessing ability. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the effective and key factors on the accuracy and performance of shooting in both military and sports fields.

This review study was done by searching in Persian and English databases from 1995 to 2022. The keywords were “shooting” with “pistol, accuracy, precision, stress, performance, technique, rifle,, elite”, as well as “sports, dynamic balance, military, skilled and unskilled archers, police, soldiers, and marksmanship”.

After reviewing the full text of the articles, 21 articles were selected in military (n=15) and sports (n=6) field. The results showed that the studies investigated some effective factors such as 1) muscle strength and endurance, 2) stress and anxiety, 3) fatigue and visual acuity, 4) caffeine and supplements, and 5) skill on performance and shooing accuracy.

The results of the studies showed that fatigue and anxiety have a negative effect on shooting performance, but the training and practice of these conditions will improve shooting performance. It was also found that improving the central muscles of the body and physical fitness factors have a positive effect on shooting performance. In addition, the results showed that the consumption of drinks depending on its type and dosage can have a negative or positive effect on shooting performance. Therefore, paying attention to these variables improves the performance and accuracy of shooting in both military and sports fields.

Conducting exercises with various methods can have different effects on the body tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of one session of resistance training with high and low intensities, while both restricting and not restricting the blood flow, on the levels of irisin and glycerol serum in trained male subjects.

This quasi-experimental study with a cross-group design and repeated measurements, was designed to determine the effects of one session of high and low-intensity exercise, with and without the blood flow restriction, on the levels of irisin and glycerol serum. For this purpose, 10 trained male participants with the age of 25±1.75 year, fat percentage of 15.7±4.7, and weight of 76.75 ± 7.95 kg were randomly selected from the available subjects. The subjects performed four resistance training protocols in 48 hours. Training protocols included: high-intensity resistance training (%75 1RM) with blood flow restriction. High-intensity resistance training (%75 1RM) without blood flow restriction. Low-intensity resistance training (%30 1RM) with blood flow restriction. And finally low intensity resistance training (%30 1RM) without blood flow restriction. Subsequently, after performing each protocol, levels of irisin and glycerol serum were examined using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Although the changes in irisin levels were incremental, these changes were not significant. The changes in the level of glycerol, as a lipolysis level index, had significant changes due to different resistance training protocols (P≤0.05). There was also no significant relationship between irisin and glycerol secretion.

It seems that resistance activities with high and low intensity, with and without blood flow restriction, have no significant effects on the regulatory mechanisms of white fat browning through irisin secretion in trained men, but it causes more lipolysis.

Although aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) are the most widely used nanomaterials, limited studies have been reported on their toxicology. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of aluminum oxide (alumina) nanoparticles and the protective role of aqueous extract of wormwood plant on nanomaterial-induced disorders in the lung of rats.

Here, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Next, the rats were first exposed to 200 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of wormwood plant (by gavage) for 15 days and then received a dose of 30 mg/kg of aluminum oxide nanoparticles as an intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Furthermore, various features of clinical signs, body weight, biochemical parameters, gene expression changes, lung weight ratio, histopathological observations, and metal content in lung tissue were evaluated during the experiment. Eventually, the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Tukey’s range test were employed to analyze and compare the mean of the data.

The results revealed that aluminum oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 30 mg/kg body weight led to changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, e.g., T-SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC, lipid peroxidation, and iNOS for exposed rats. Also, the above biochemical disorders were associated with altered expression of oxidative stress-related genes (HO-1, MT-1) and histological changes in the lung tissue. On the other hand, simultaneous intake of aqueous extract of wormwood plant and aluminum oxide nanoparticles in rats significantly improved the studied parameters (p <0.05).

Our findings showed that the γ-Al2O3 NPs were more toxic than α-Al2O3 NPs, which can be attributed to changes related to their size and shape characteristics. Also, it was observed that the wormwood plant could play a protective role against aluminum oxide nanoparticles-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats.

Over recent years, various programs have been conducted to reduce noise, indicating the increasing concerns of society over noise pollution. This study has been performed to enhance the performance of parallel barriers on two sides of a highway considering the surrounding buildings.

The 2D boundary element simulation method was employed to predict the noise reduction in barriers. Regarding the effect of buildings and water canals, various kinds of models were investigated to compare the effectiveness of different boundary barriers in real conditions from a listener’s perspective.

The use of a single YA model could improve the performance of parallel barriers by 3.5 dB compared to that of a TS model. Moreover, by using a pair of barriers, no significant change was observed in the performance of the second barrier. However, by using parallel barriers along the surrounding buildings, the TD model improved the efficiency by 3 dB compared to the TS model. The rise in the frequency resulted in remarkable adverse effects on the barrier performance, such that the surrounding buildings at a distance of 8 m had a negative effect on the performance of the parallel barriers by almost 8.34 dB.

In general, by ignoring the buildings, the use of a pair of TZ barriers showed a higher performance. Meanwhile, by considering the buildings in the design model, the TD model was found to be optimum. Therefore, it can be concluded that choosing an ideal barrier only based on the noise behind it cannot indicate its behavioral and acoustic characteristics in a real environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly effects on health of workforce as the most important source of manpower in maintaining business and the community economy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to COVID-19 and its effective factors among industry practitioners in industrial areas.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran industrial city from October to December 2020. Data from 494 practitioner’s industry were collected through survey questionnaire including demographic and a 35-item questionnaire to assess the status of knowledge, attitude and practices to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts of Occupational health and Epidemiology and performed by two relative content validity coefficients, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), which were 0.78 and 0.85, respectively. Additionally, reliability was proved through a pilot study to calculate Cronbach’s alpha and determined to be 0.81. Descriptive analyses and chi-square tests and Pearson rank correlation analyses were performed to determine factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19. Data analysis was performed using STATA software version 17 with a significance level of P <0. 05.

The mean and standard deviation of practitioner’s knowledge was 19.68 ± 3.55, their attitude was 14.74 ± 3.45 and their performance was 7.97 ± 0.91. Educational level (r=0.19, p=0.015) and marital status as employees (r=0.24, p=0.042) were directly correlated with attitude and practice, respectively. Also, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.11, P = 0.01) and attitude and practice (r = 0.98, P = 0.001).

The results of the present study showed the need to increase awareness through training courses and positive attitude of the studied practitioner in order to strengthen suitable practices and motivate them to take appropriate preventive measures against COVID-19.

Physical exercise in certain conditions can cause over-training syndrome in individuals, which is associated with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses by cytokines. The balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can indicate the strength of the immune system against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of honey solution on the balance consumption of interferon-gamma and interleukin4.

This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test-post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For investigation, 70 individuals from the available population, including military graduates, have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire and finally, using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test of 38 people with age range of (75/1±75/20) years, and body mass index of (19/4±1/7 kg/m2) have been selected and randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution, 5 cc of blood has been taken from the arm vein and measured by ELISA.

The changes in cytokines levels have been investigated using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22. Following the use of honey syrup, compared with the placebo group, an increase in interferon-gamma levels and a decrease in interleukin-4 have been observed, which was a significant difference (P <0.05).

6 weeks consumption of honey syrup promoted the balance of interferon-gamma and interleukin cytokines to reduce the side effects of over-training on the immune system.

Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion from the heart, and can have different effects on different body organs including the effects of these hormones influence the mechanisms of blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on atrial natriuretic peptide and subsequent blood pressure.

This quasi-experimental study was Cross-group design with repeated measures with the aim of determining the effect of a session of high and low intensity exercise, with and without the of blood flow restriction, on the serum levels of atrial peptide natriuretic and men's blood pressure. To this end, from the available subjects, 8 trained men with an age range from (2575.1±) and fat percentage of (15.7±4.7) were randomly selected. These people with 48 hours of various protocols included: resistive activity with high intensity (%75 1RM) with and without blood flow restriction and the same activity with low intensity (%75 1RM) and without blood flow restriction. Serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were examined using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Therefore, it seems that the effect of high and low intensity resistance exercise, with or without blood flow restriction through the secretion of peptide natriuretic atrial had no difference with each other.

Therefore, it seems that the effect of high and low intensity resistance exercise, with or without blood flow restriction through the secretion of peptide natriuretic atrial had no difference with each other.

Housekeeping is one of the occupations that have a variety of physical and psychological stresses. On the other hand, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDS) is intensified by factors such as high physical and mental workload. Therefore, this study was aimed in order to investigate the relation between prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders with mental workload and general health in housewives.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 housewives by available sampling method. The Persian version of Nordic Questionnaire, Cornell (CMDQ), General Health (GHQ28) Mental workload (NASA-TLX) Questionnaire, were used for data collection.

Demographic characteristics showed that 90.5% of selected society are married, 62% had no university education and the average age was 42.33 ± 0.87 years. Interestingly, the results of this study show that, the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found to be in the low back region (48%), followed by mean score of general health questionnaires (19.05± 8.34) and mental workload (52.16 ± 12.21). The result showed that there is a significant difference between musculoskeletal disorders with mental workload and general health.

Considering the role of housewives in human resource productivity, suggested that interventions to prevent MSDS and increase public health be considered by health authorities. Taking actions such as using the MSDS questionnaire, counselling, workshops, awareness sessions, posture correction and training on how to get things done, work-rest cycle program, diversification at work, and recreational programs can increase mental health, reduce mental workload and reduce musculoskeletal injuries.

Exercise can strengthen or weaken the immune system depending on the intensity and duration of activity and diet; thus, it cause health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey solution as a nutritional intervention on the immune system of people exposed to over-training.

 Methods and Materials:

 This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test- post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For this purpose, 70 individuals from the available population including military graduates have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire. Finally, 38 people with age range of (20.75±1.75) years and body mass index of (19.4±1.7 kg/m2) have been selected using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test. Moreover, they were randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of Cellular immunity (neutrophils, lymphocytes and white blood cells) and immunoglobulin A, 5 cc blood has been taken from the arm vein and examined by ELISA before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution. The changes in cytokines levels have been analyzed using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22.

There were not any significant differences in serum levels of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the honey solution group. However, there were significant changes in the number of neutrophils and immunoglobulin A between two groups. (p< 0.05)

Consumption of honey solution for 6 weeks promotes the body’s immunity to reduce the effects of overtraining by affecting the number of leukocytes and immunoglobulin A.

The work process is very important in complex jobs, so that if you forget or do not do it for any reason, it will have unpleasant consequences. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the human errors in sensitive jobs from two perspectives of human error identification in a high-voltage post station.

In this descriptive study, TAFEI and SHERPA techniques were employed to identify the operator's error. The necessary information was obtained by directly observing the human activities, interviewing and reviewing the tasks and sub-tasks with HTA method. The exploited techniques were thence compared in terms of error detection and applied field.

The results of matrix table in the job task using TAFEI method showed 29 cases of illegal transfer, so 29 human errors were identified; while totally 25 errors were identified by SHERPA method.

The results of this study show that the TAFEI method performs better in identifying the number of human errors in the task sequence step. On the other hand, the SHERPA method can cover the weaknesses of the TAFEI method and provide the level of risk. Accordingly, it is recommended that the analyst consider the different available HEI techniques and apply the one that he/she considers the most suitable for their need.

Subjective norms are recognized to be one of the main factors influencing individuals’ behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting grape farmers’ subjective norms regarding the utilization of innovations for improving and reforming their vineyards. The study was conducted in the Khoramdared Township, located in the Zanjan Province of Iran using a cross-sectional and descriptive-explanatory research design. The data were collected using a questionnaire through structured interviews with a sample of 260 out of 3942 grape farmers, who were randomly selected by a multi-stage sampling technique. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and the construct validity and reliability were tested using the Categorical Principle Component Analysis method. Moreover, the Theta Coefficient for the reliability test of different constructs was obtained between 0.75 and 0.96. The subjective norms for using this innovation tended to be high, but it was higher for the farmers who were covered by the government’s orchard improving plan. Farmers’ subjective norms for adopting this innovation were explained by various factors in that 58 percent of the variance of the subjective norm construct was determined directly and indirectly by the variables of farmers' attitude towards the relative advantage of this innovation, attending extension training courses, informal information sources inside and outside their rural communities, governmental interventions in terms of being covered by orchard improving plan, trust to the information of specialists, household size, farmers' age, grape production yield.

One of the most important bacterial diseases in aquaculture is Streptococosis/loctococosis. Meanwhile this disease has been known as a zoonosis disease, and then fish vaccination against this disease is important. In this study the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to vaccination with bivalent lactococcal/streptococcal vaccine were investigated. Two hundred and fourty rainbow trout fingerlings (30±1.7g) were randomly divided into two equal groups in triplicates. Fish in vaccinated treatment intraperitonealy injected with 100 microliter vaccine on the first day and booster vaccine were directed by immersion route on day 30th of study. The control group was injected with sterile PBS, identical to vaccinated group. Blood samples were collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups at days 0, 14. 30, 45 and 60 of study and antibody titer were subsequently performed. Sixty days after initial immunization all groups were challenged by lethal dose of Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garviae, mortality rate was calculated and compared between the groups. Survival rates of vaccinated fish after challenge with S. iniae and L. garviae were 62±7.22% and 68±.8.67% respectively. The results demonstrated that specific plasma IgM antibody titer induced by commercial vaccine were significantly higher compared to the level in the control group (p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that not only these bivalent vaccines can effectively protect rainbow trout against L. garvieae and S. iniae, but also can increase antibody titer in rainbow trout, then it could offer an appropriate strategy to prevent these infections in rainbow trout farms in Iran.

Cage culture is a system in which fish, enclosed in a cage, are raised in aquatic resources. Factors such as increasing aquatic animals consumption among the population and reducing the natural reserves of some species, shortages and resource constraints, and reducing the income and economic value of production in ponds have led growers to recover traditional practices and have a strong motivation in manufacturers to produce fish in cages. One of the fish major problem in in cage culture is infectious diseases and easy transmission of these. Yearly damage to the fish industry comes from a variety of diseases, and manufacturers have taken antibiotics to fight diseases. Using long-term antibiotics in aquaculture, in addition to creating enormous environmental problems, can lead to antibiotic resistance in the bacterial flora of water resources and further damage to aquaculture. Therefore, the methods that were based on the prevention of the disease became more noticeable. One of the ways to prevent diseases is vaccination. The purpose of this study is to summarize important pathogens in cage culture and develop vaccines as an alternative to antibiotics to protect them.

Control and preventing the spread of diseases in the farmed fish requires a regular monitoring, eradication or vaccination program. And in this respect, the serology as a monitoring and diagnostic tool can be very useful. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies have been considered a tool in immunological in immunological research. These anti-inflammatory drugs are highly specialized in epitopes and are prepared in large volumes. Due to their high purity, monoclonal antibodies act as standard chemical agents. They have been quickly being used in clinical diagnostic techniques since a lot of them are needed in the production of commercial kits. Like serology in other animals, serum testing in fish also requires the use of anti-antigens (anti-IgM). For the same reason, during the last decade, efforts have been made to produce anti-IgM antibodies for the production of monoclonal antibodies, suitable for each species of freshwater and marine fishes. Therefore, the production of these antibodies in the interior, in addition to the help and development of the rapid and accurate detection of marine fish diseases can lead to currency savings.

One of the nanoparticles that has developed is silver nano particles (AgNPs) and now it is the most widely used nanomaterial in the nanotechnology industry. In this study the silver nanoparticles were synthesized biologically using Sargassum angustifolium algae and its effects on blood factors of common carp in the face of three concentrations of nanoparticles (AgNPs) include 0.11, 1.13 and 5.67 mg/L of AgNPs, respectively on the basis of 1 % , 10 % and 50 % of median lethal concentration along with a control treatment were evaluated for 14 days. Total white blood cell (WBC) count in the face of various concentrations of silver nanoparticles and red blood cell(RBC) count in the treatment of  1%LC50 AgNPs on days 1, 3 and 7 and Hematocrite treated with AgNPs 1% on day3 exhibited significantly increased when compared with other groups (p<0.05). The treatment of 50% AgNPs on fish showed maximum hemoglobin contents than other groups (p<0.05).  Also, MCV values on day 1 and MCHC values on day 14 at various silver nanoparticles treatments statistically significantly increased compared to control group (p<0.05). Results showed that the nanoparticles synthesized from algae can have an adverse effect on hematological indices of common carp, especially in high concentrations.

With a widespread regard to the human error issue and recognize the importance of human as an active processor of information The necessity for an effective framework to analyze different mental processes interact with the system to carry out job duties will be obvious. So the aim of this study was to analyze human errors by SHERPA and human information processing model.
This study is a cross-sectional study in 2014 carried out in the control room of the petrochemical industry. Subjects included 62 employees in four post shift supervisor control, head control, board man and outside operator in 4 sites which were working 8-hour shifts. To analyze the errors, SHERPA technique was used, then to classify human information processing Wickens model and to identify the factors those affecting the performance Kirwan classifier was used. In addition to gathering data observation, interview and documentation study methods were used.
with Analysis of SHERPA worksheet, 246 human errors were identified. Most errors (143) related to the understanding of human information processing. Both work instructions and training and experience, collectively became the most important factors affecting the processing of data in data processing.
The results of this study, with identification of possible errors in data processing and find those factors that affect on them, distinguish the system weaknesses.

In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Sargassum angustifolium</em> (Agardh, 182 (</span> extract on the hematological parameters in Common carp were investigated within 14 days. A total of 240 common carp were divided randomly to four treatments (control group without algae extract, 1% algae extract, 10% algae extract and 50% algae extract). Blood samples were taken on days 1, 3, 7 and 14.</span> Hematological parameters were measured: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood count (RBC), haematocrit, Hb, RBC index (MCHC, MCH, MCV) and respiratory burst (NBT). At the end of the experiment, compare of treatments with control group showed significant difference in hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (%), total count of red blood cells, respiratory burst (NBT), heterophil, lymphocyte, monocyte (p</em>>0.05). But significant difference was observed between the control group and treatments in the amount of hemoglobin, total count of white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p</em><0.05). The results of this study showed that the extract of Sargassum angustifolium </em>(Agardh, 1820) can be effective on some blood factors of common carp at the concentrations of used.