اکبر اصغری زمانی

This research discusses future development of Kordestan province by using of strategic management approaches and future studying and it's main aim is identification of regional development's key components of Kordestan province with the point of foresight. The theoretical framework of this research is normative paradigm, it is functional in the case of goal and in terms of nature it is based on new methods of descriptive-analytical future studies. The data and information collection method is documentary and field study and their processing models are SWOT, Factor Analysis, Delphi and Cross-impact analysis which data processing has been done by MICMAC software. In this research, development criteria were classified in six categories such as social, economic, infrastructural, bio environmental, settlement structural and links by using of regional development studies. At first stage, between 240 effective factors on province development, 40 factors were identified by specialist experts by the use of SWOT method. Then by using of Delphi method the effects of these factors on each other were measured by experts and direct and indirect influences of these factors on each other were measured which result in identification of 13 key factors between 40 factors, that Gross domestic product outweigh and capital social if a low grade is effective factors on Kordestan province development.

Quantitative and qualitative factors strongly influence human spatial behavior. In addition to the effect of spatial configuration, in the present study, it is assumed that pedestrians’ behavior in the streets is also influenced by evaluative reactions. Nasar’s method, though of course in a different way, was used in the first stage. Users assessed the place based on the type of perception and the presence or absence of attributes of safer places. Nasar’s method was implemented using an online questionnaire designed with web-based software. The result of this project was a group evaluative image that shows preferences and spatial evaluations of users regarding safety when consuming the streets of the city center. The first step was combined with space syntax analysis to consider the street pattern’s syntactic attributes. Syntax space analysis was done using an axial map and considering some syntactic values such as integration, choice, connectivity, and intelligibility. Next, careful observation of the overt spatial behavior was performed to obtain information about space usage patterns using a virtual gate counting technique. The findings indicate that pedestrians’ use of urban open spaces is not only based on the issues related to space syntax but also involves the meaning and evaluative components of the landscape.

Throughout history, cities are the most important works made by humans and have seen many changes during their lifetime. Today, most of the world's population lives in cities. This growing trend of urban population has created problems in cities. Among the various approaches that have been proposed to free cities from problems, livability is the most important approach that has increased the need to address it. Factors such as environmental pollution, climate changes, and lack of ecological resources somehow affect urban livability, and it is necessary to pay attention to their mutual effects. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of environmental parameters, climate and ecology on the urban livability of ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. According to the research topic, the research method is descriptive-analytical and with practical purpose. The data used are also collected from the comprehensive plan of Tabriz city, statistical blocks of Tabriz city, and information of air quality monitoring stations of Tabriz metropolis, TerraClimate products and OSM site data. Then the data and information after membership and normalization using geographic weighted regression (GWR) and modified geographic weighted regression (MGWR) analyzes to investigate and discover the spatial relationship between the dependent variable (sustainability) and independent variables (environment, ecology and climate) has been analyzed in MGWR software and ArcGIS 10.8.2 software. The results of the analysis showed that the impact of these parameters on the areas that are not suitable for livability is more than other areas. The climate parameter with the value of R2 - 0.5 has the greatest impact among the parameters on the urban livability of Tabriz metropolis.

Land surface temperature, as one of the important and fundamental parameters in climatology, indicates the relationship between the atmosphere and the Earth. Considering the environmental issues of cities, including the intensification of urban heat islands, accurately estimating LST and identifying its influencing factors play a significant role in urban thermal management and adopting adaptive strategies for heat islands. In this regard, this study compares two regression methods multiple linear regression and random forest in order to estimate the LST. Daily nighttime MODIS images were used to extract the LST of Tabriz city during the summer. These images were processed in the Google Earth Engine platform and averaged for the period from 2018 to 2022. According to the results, the random forest showed significantly better performance with a coefficient of determination of 0.924 (RMS = 0.009) compared to multiple linear regression. The random forest was also used to determine the importance of the indices. Based on the index importance results, night lights (51/06%), sky view factor (48/01%) and frontal area index (45/27%) were the most important factor affecting the nighttime summer LST in Tabriz city, respectively. The findings of this study, in addition to revealing the strength of the random forest regression in estimating LST, also highlight the importance of various indices in the LST. In this context, the study's results will be practical for managing the thermal environment of Tabriz city and adopting mitigation strategies for its heat islands.

Skyline can be an effective component in explaining the spatial and qualitative features of the urban landscape. Ignoring this important category, as well as not observing the proportion between the height of the wall and the width of the street, leads to the creation of an abnormal appearance and in some cases, excessive confinement in city streets. It is obvious that the streets do not only have a physical dimension, but also represent life and dynamics in communities and cities. Therefore, skyline can be an effective component in improving the quality of the urban landscape.In this research, the library studies methods and field surveying have been used. ArcScene was used for height simulation and evaluation of the appropriate as well as the required analysis (skyline, skyline graph, etc.). The selected areas in the city were from the new fabric (less than 20 years old), middle fabric (about 50 years old) and old fabric (more than 50 years old). The results obtained from the skyline graph analysis show that the skyline pattern of South Shariati Street (old fabric) with an average of 74.06% has better view of the horizon than Imam Khomeini street with an average of 63.5% and Takhti street with an average of 55.66%. Also, this research explains the reason for the relatively irregular skyline caused by high density sale in Tabriz metropolis, the method of densification and height zoning of that area. The results of 3D analysis show the existence of a direct relationship between the heights of building. In this way, the more proportional the height of the buildings, the more open the space will be, and the wider the passage, the wider the radius of the skyline graph will be.

With the expansion of urbanization, numerous challenges and issues have emerged, rendering centralized top-down planning ineffective in urban management. Consequently, one of the most important approaches to creating a sustainable and inclusive city is focusing on the fundamental unit of urban planning, namely the concept of neighborhood and neighborhood management. A neighborhood encompasses three dimensions of physical planning, social organization, and governance. Among these, considering the governance dimension, examining contextual needs, and laying the groundwork for defining a neighborhood-centric model are of paramount importance. To elucidate the neighborhood management model in urban governance by adopting an exploratory-descriptive approach in the metropolis of Tabriz.This research employs a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach as a second-generation non-parametric method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It validates a model by simultaneously examining the roles of variables. SmartPLS 4 software and questionnaire tools are utilized. Additionally, reliability tests, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, validity, and average variance extracted (AVE) are examined for each component, indicating satisfactory reliability and validity. The sample size is calculated based on the total population of Tabriz in the latest census of 2016, which is 163,096 individuals, using the Cochran formula, resulting in 384 participants. The research findings indicate that among the factors in terms of effect size, the network society structure ranks first with an index value of 5.254, followed by urban governance, network society policies, social capital, and governance capacity with values of 2.873, 2.630, 2.555, and 1.695 respectively. Regarding the path coefficient index, urban governance ranks first with a path coefficient of 0.288, followed by the network society structure, network society policies, social capital, and governance capacity with coefficients of 0.268, 0.228, 0.204, and 0.181 respectively.The research concludes that in elucidating the factors effective in realizing the neighborhood management model, attention to the network society structure and its three characteristics—decentralization, virtualization, and intelligence, along with the freedom of activities, plays a fundamental role.

without knowledge and understanding of demographic changes and structures, one cannot make decisions and choose appropriate policies, strategies and solutions in the field of spatial justice and urban planning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of service uses in Tabriz metropolis with regard to population distribution and structure.

First, using the nearest neighbor method, the situation of the type of distribution of services and facilities has been examined, and then 12 layers of information about the uses of Tabriz city have been examined using the fuzzy gamma method, and finally, the results of the fuzzy gamma have been compared with the population distribution of Tabriz city.

The results showed that among the 10 regions of Tabriz, region 10 is the least privileged and region 1 is the most privileged. In the end, population distribution has been compared with the amount of wealth, and it was found that the population of 0 to 14 years has the highest percentage of wealth (35.44 percent), and on the other hand, the population over 65 years has the lowest wealth with 21.10 percent.

The elderly population over 65 years of age in Tabriz live in areas that have fewer facilities and urban services available to them than other population groups; Therefore, it can be concluded that the elderly population is more marginalized in order to access urban services and facilities, and it is the younger population that has better access to services and facilities.

Introduction :

Today, one of the most important challenges facing us is the issue of housing and informal settlements. The issue of informal settlement is a human challenge whose consequences are still visible in the developing world. Besides being a geographical, urban, and architectural phenomenon, informal settlements are also seriously considered a social phenomenon. Informal settlement is generally defined as the increasing, unauthorized, and self-organized production of new urban neighborhoods. These settlements have often become a place to attract migrants from the countryside to the city, provide cheap housing for more than a billion people, and create the basic infrastructure of neighborhoods in growing cities.

The following article is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in nature. The required data and information were also completed using forecasting methods and the use of questionnaire tools and interviews with specialists and experts. The statistical population in this article is the experts, specialists, and experts related to the research topic and the geographical area of the research is the middle city of Andam Khoi. Experts have been selected from the following fields: academic and scientific community experts with the specialized field of urban planning and housing, managers and experts active in the field of urban management, managers and executive agents involved in urban issues (municipality and road and urban development department) ). In this research, the Delphi technique was used to collect data, and the structural analysis method was used to investigate and identify influencing factors and variables. The key factors were also identified using Mic Mac software, and finally, the scenario planning method was used using Scenario Wizard software to compile and analyze probable and desirable scenarios.

The Delphi technique was used to identify the primary factors affecting the future trend of informal settlements in Khoy city. For this purpose, descriptive questionnaires were designed and provided to the relevant experts, then the received questionnaires were examined, and as a result, 72 factors were identified in 6 areas (economic, social and cultural, environmental, physical and physical, management and policies of city managers, macro-provincial and national policies) were identified. In the next round of the Delphi technique, the variables affecting the future status of the informal settlements in Khoy City were entered into the matrix of mutual effects to determine the intensity of their influence on each other and the future status of the expansion of informal settlements in Khoy City. The influence of factors on each other was measured from zero to three. The number zero represents the lack of influence of the factors on each other, the number one represents the weak influence of the variables on each other, the number two represents the medium influence of the factors on each other, and the number three represents the high influence of the factors on each other. After determining the amount and intensity of the influence of the variables, the matrix of structural effects was entered into the MikMak software to express the key variables. The dimensions of this matrix are 72 x 72 and its degree of filling is 60%, which means that the variables have influenced each other more than 60%. Out of the total of 5184 possible and probable relationships in this matrix, 2060 are zero ratios, 1936 are one ratio, 870 are two ratios, and 310 are three ratios.

This article aims to investigate the future status of informal settlements in the middle city of Andam Khoi with a foresight approach. The ever-increasing expansion of marginalization and informal settlements around the city of Khoy the contagion of the problems of these areas into the city of Khoy and the need to provide factors influencing the growth and expansion of these areas have led to this research. In this research, managers’ Delphi was used to identify the primary factors affecting the future growth and expansion of informal settlements in Shahr Khoi. In the first round, descriptive questionnaires were designed with open questions, in these questionnaires, experts were asked to identify the effective and involved factors in the studied system, after reviewing the questionnaires received from the experts, there were 72 factors in 6 areas (economic, social and cultural, environmental, bodily and physical, managerial and policies of city managers, provincial and national policies) were extracted. In the continuation of the Delphi questionnaire, the influential factors were entered into the cross-effects matrix to determine the extent of their influence on each other and the future state of expansion of informal settlements in Shahr Khoi. If the number of identified factors is N, an N×N influence matrix is formed. The degree of this influence is measured from zero to three. Out of a total of 72 primary factors affecting the future of the system, 26 factors were selected as key factors. Next, for scenario writing, 78 future situations were designed for these key factors. These possible situations are very important for the future course of the system in terms of policy. It can be acknowledged that the necessity of developing scenarios is to analyze the system’s conditions. Possible trends for each factor are different from other variables and the only common property between them is a range of favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable trends. Out of a total of 678 conditions governing the future development of informal settlements in Khoy City, 275 are favorable, 267 are static, and 136 are unfavorable for the future of the system. In this article, the selected scenarios were divided into two general categories:The selected scenarios are classified into two groups according to their desirability: perfectly favorable scenarios (first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth scenarios), and scenarios with an intermediate and unfavorable situation (scenarios 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, twenty sixth).

The present study aims to combine physical, socioeconomic, and traffic criteria to evaluate and analyze the traffic congestion potential of Urmia city. This study is applied and descriptive-analytical, where the required data were collected through library and field studies. To achieve the research goal, 25 indices classified under three physical, socioeconomic, and traffic criteria were selected, and their importance coefficients were calculated using the BWM approach. The BWM questionnaires were distributed among 50 elites in two steps as select the best and worst indices and complete the paired comparison questionnaire to determine the priority of the best index over other indices and the priority of other indices over the worst index). The outputs of the questionnaires were entered into the GAMS software to calculate the indices’ importance coefficients. The “distance from urban cores” and “average land price” indices obtained the highest and lowest weights, respectively. To show the traffic congestion potential of the five districts of Urmia city, the SECA model was implemented in Lingo software with different values of β. The findings divide Urmia city into 5 zones in terms of traffic congestion as very low traffic congestion (13%), low traffic congestion (32%), moderate traffic congestion (21%), high traffic congestion (21%), and very high traffic congestion (15%). The results indicate that District 4 has the highest traffic congestion potential, followed by Districts 5, 1, 3, and 2, respectively

With the country'saccelerating urbanisation, we are witnessing expansions and increasing new constructions in Iranian cities. One of the challenges raised in today's cities is the inability of their managers to control height and spatial balance, with the construction of high-rise,out-of-sale buildings causing heterogeneity in the physical structure of cities and their non-compliance with urban planning regulations. In response, this research investigates the effects of unruly high-rise developments on the skyline. Library methods, field survey anddocumentation of values and visual identities have been used here. ArcMap has been used for 3D analyses, and CityEngine and ArcScene for height simulations and analyses (skyline, graph skyline, etc.). The evaluation of the results obtained from 3D modelling shows that overdevelopment occurs at the rate of 2.4%, 3.4% and 8.8% in old, intermediate and new areas, and the average of SVF index in those areas is 70.63, 46.45 and 64.14% respectively. The analysis of the general results confirmed that the skyline of contemporary cities does not follow a specific pattern. Also, this research explains the reason for the relatively irregular skyline caused by the overdevelopment rights sales, and the method of densification and height zoning of that area. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate height laws and adhere to their implementation in order to achieve spatial consistency and also to make the skyline legible.

Historical-cultural contexts are distinguished from other urban contexts by their valuable features; But they often enter the process of burnout due to non-compliance with the rapidly changing needs of residents. This confirms the need for Protection, planning & regeneration in historical contexts. The method of the present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and has been done using library tools as well as field studies in the form of a questionnaire distribution (384 people). The sampling method is simple random. To assess the validity of the content validity type and to evaluate the research variables and the reliability of the questions, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was estimated to be 0.904. To measure the status of stability, 5 physical components - socio-cultural, economic, environmental, cohesion and spatial cohesion in the form of 62 combined indicators have been used. Network analysis model (ANP) was used to determine the weight of each indicator, t-test, CODAS model and path analysis test were used to analyze the indicators, and Decisions Super software was used. SPSS, Excel, Lisrel and Likert spectrum were used and the results showed that all criteria in this range are lower than the average Likert and the coefficients of effective factors in sustainable urban regeneration in the study area; Spatial cohesion and cohesion factors are equal to 0.60, environmental factors are equal to 0.55, social factors are equal to 0.38, economic factors are equal to 0.27 and finally physical factors are equal to 0.16.

This area of the city is critical because its structure is an indispensable system, consisting of several units, and of all the various elements, which make their inconsistency an impression on the whole system and the whole of a city's structure. The survey of inequality and its funds is located in different geographical borders in recent years of the work of Harriet and politicians. The existence of inequality and various dimensions has not been judged by the topography of an important development. The aim of this inquiry into alien inequality or other interpretation of the distribution of space is to maintain an economic, social, and domestic involvement.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. After theoretical investigations of population and housing census data for three consecutive periods (1385, 1390, 1395) and converting them into per capita and different ratios into indexes, to investigate the inequality situation, Also, the recognition of the spatial pattern of the expansion of inequality for the three extracted periods of the research implementation process based on these indicators and spatial statistics models, Spatial Statistics tools, Hot Spot Analysis and Moran's I spatial autocorrelation have been used in Arc/GIS software.

According to the numerical output, Moran's index is equal to 0.071892, 0.144981, 0.633505 for the years 1385, 1390, 1395, respectively, and since its value is positive and tends to one, and according to If the p-value is zero and the calculated Z value (its absolute value) is large, then it is within the confidence limit, and as a result, the data have spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, the distribution pattern of inequality is a cluster.

In general, the result shows that the situation arises from a class distance, a duality in the city, and that the difference between the sexes in the time of the observation, and that it is necessary to keep a town management for themselves, at least of the necessary.

Competent governance is of particular importance as a basic precondition for the good functioning of markets and creating conditions for investment attraction and sustainable allocation of physical investments and improving the efficiency of organizations and the performance of cities. On the other hand, it can be effective in increasing public welfare and economic security by affecting other components of the region's development and providing the basis for the sustainable development of free zones. The type of research is applied-developmental and the research method is descriptive-analytical, as well as the method of collecting library and survey information using a questionnaire. SPSS software and single-sample T-test, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression methods were used in data analysis. The studied area is the entire area of 51 thousand hectares of Aras Azad Zone, and the sample size is 400 people using Cochran's formula. The results of the research show that despite the failure of Aras Free Zone in achieving sustainable development goals, there is a significant relationship between good governance indicators and sustainable development indicators, and good governance models with a 62% realization rate have the ability to predict and realize development indicators. have stable in the region.

In its general sense, rent is a non-productive and competitive product that is achieved through natural or artificial scarcity. In urban issues, changing the objective function of urban management to make a profit that harms the public interest can be considered Rent.Capitalism targets the artificial environment and produces space to continue the cycle of capital accumulation.The result of the movement of capital in the artificial environment is a fundamental spatial constraint on scarce urban resources and facilities, which leads to the deprivation of some against the deprivation of another.The reckless circulation of capital in the second cycle and urban spaces is a factor for residential segregation, types of rents, the tendency to integrate the capitalist structure, unequal development of urban spaces and the classification of society.In the meantime, urban management, with its regulatory nature in this unequal competition, must consider the public interest and act in order to balance public and private goals.In countries based on oil economics, with the discovery of oil and the extraction of oil revenues since the early 20th century, a change in these countries' urban systems has emerged and led to a deeper connection between these countries and capitalist relations.In other words, in metropolises that are dependent on the oil economy, the discovery of oil is a turning point in their urban development, which links urbanization with the mechanisms of the capitalist and liberal schools. As a result, urban management becomes a model known as a rentier, which urban management does not act as a regulator but as an actor in the competition for urban space.In other words, urban management goes beyond its regulatory path and acts in the direction of the goals and interests of capitalism or, at the very least, specific individuals and groups. This is due to the fact that rentier urban management makes itself dependent on the construction market, by removing people from the management and participation cycle and thus eliminating toll and tax revenues, which in order to maintain this revenue must provide urban spaces to capital to make money from this.What is discussed as the main issue in this study is the behavior of this phenomenon and its process in the urban management organization and for more scrutinizing the research issue in the context of urban space, the phenomenon has been considered in the urban management system of Tabriz metropolis.

The Current research approach is a qualitative type, which has been done by the method of grounded theory. According to this method, the data collected by in-depth interviews are analyzed in three stages open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and then the theory is discovered about the understudied phenomenon. The main data source in the data-driven method is an interview, which has been interviewed along with documentary sources in the Current study.These interviews are exploratory, and after each interview, the data obtained from them are encoded. After conducting the interviews and analyzing the responses, the categories were identified and placed under the causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, core phenomena, strategies and consequences.

Based on the analysis performed and the results obtained, the causal conditions that cause the phenomenon of rentier in the Urban Management Organization of Iran include; 1- Centralized administrative structure 2- Oil economy 3- Legal grounds and context 4- Weakness in the traditions of collective action 5- Economic adjustment policy and 6- Government downsizing policy.The phenomenon of rent in urban management, according to its characteristics, causes the waste of city resources. Part of this waste has been in the shadow of the commodification of urban space, as a result, urban space is invaded and occupied like a commodity under the control of the capital, and is transformed. In this process, individuals and groups tend to rent based on their abilities and capabilities, such as business capital or personal and group relationships, which in the long run will become a culture. As a result, local city management, which is responsible for regulating the relationship between the use of the city and creating a balance between private and public goals, faces public dissatisfaction and the continuation of the local city management and inability to solve problems, leads to reducing trust and social capital at various levels.Based on the research results, the type of strategy adopted to deal with the rent phenomenon depends on 1- the sensitivity of regulatory bodies 2- public reaction and desire, and 3- organizational will, which can be described as the underlying conditions.Intervention conditions under the headings; 1- Superior rules 2- Administrative structure 3- External relations 4- Internal relations are labeled.Finally, the strategies extracted in five codes include; 1- Strengthening the institutionalization of urban management 2- Support-seeking 3- Transparency 4- Indifference and 5- Accompanying.

It seems that the experience of Iran's urban management, especially at the local level, has not been successful in practice because it has been implemented in a centralized legal and administrative context and even based on the preference and recognition of centralized bureaucracy and not the potential and attraction of society. And always due to the lack of effective participation of people based on historical backgrounds and other factors, has been a place for the phenomenon of rent. In this process, the element of urban management and the private sector encourages the commodification of the urban space and seeks to change it not in the public interest but the interest of some groups. The city management's assumption of the city leads to daily life in decision and action and the continuation of the fundamental issues and problems of the city. An example of this for the metropolis of Tabriz has been the continuation and even expansion of the phenomenon of Slums in recent decades.

Urban regeneration is to reverse the flow of urban change and decline. In the context of urban regeneration, new types of organizations are being formed. Their goal is to look at development from the bottom up, in which all actors are involved. This leads to the development of sustainable solutions in the long run. Sustainable regeneration is an integral part of improving the situation in various dimensions with a sustainable perspective. To achieve this requires thinking about cities with a community-oriented, integrated, strategic and inclusive approach, and through the sustainability approach can achieve sustainable regeneration. Affecting the unpopularity of the northern neighborhoods has studied the historical-cultural context of Tabriz with a comprehensive and futuristic approach. Based on this, the research method is descriptive-analytical. It is considered as a category of applied research in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the research variables, the research background was reviewed. The variables obtained were examined through interviews with experts. Finally, 39 variables were identified as effective factors for the instability of the northern neighborhoods of the historical-cultural contexts of Tabriz. In this research, economic, social, physical, environmental and managerial indicators have been used. Finally, in the form of a questionnaire in the form of a 39 39 39 matrix, according to purposeful sampling, it was provided to 15 experts and specialists who had sufficient knowledge in this field; it placed. The data used in this questionnaire were prepared quantitatively by Delphi weighting and entered into Mic Mac software for data analysis. Findings showed that 15 factors play key roles in the sustainability of the study areas.

According to the forecasts of the World Health Organization, in the future, there will be a growth in the elderly population, which requires planning and policies. The process of changing the age structure of the population will lead to the phenomenon of aging in societies. In this regard, planning for the body and structure of the city without considering the changing demographic structure in the future will definitely fail. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in the age structure of the population of Tabriz city, emphasizing the health services and its forecast until 2051. This research follows a descriptive-correlational approach and is a survey in terms of the method of data collection. The population of the present study is 68821 patients who were presented by Tabriz hospitals. First, the demographic data of the two decades of 2006 to 2016 were used as the basis for population forecasting, and then for analyzing the data, the dynamic systems-based approach was used to assess the need for medical services up to 1430 with a systemic view. The results of the research showed that by 2051, a total of 4948 hospital beds and 2418 nurses should be added to bring Tabriz to a normal state compared to the current conditions of the city. Predictions show that the problem of the aging population will undoubtedly affect the health care system of Tabriz city, and to provide medical services for the elderly population in the next 30 years, medical facilities must be increased significantly, and this requires comprehensive planning.

Cities as a political unit reflect the main lines of power and economic influence. With the same reason it can be argued that urban spaces are a source of power that consists of diverse physical, economic and social spatial layers. In other words, by recognizing and analyzing the existing patterns in the relationship between power and political organization in the city, urban space and planning, can provide the basis for the efficiency of spatial planning. Therefore, the present research, by studying five zone of the city of Urmia, has sought to analyze the physical-social arrangement of power in the cities by using the mentioned indicators.  The research is applied in nature and the method used is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected through library and field (refer to the departments) studies. In order to accomplish the goal, 15 indicators were selected from various factors, and standardized and analyzed through the geographic information system software. Then, in order to be able to analyze the spatial arrangement of power in the five regions of Urmia, the SECA model was implemented in Lingo software with the optimal value of 0.64 and β= 3. The obtained results show that the most power is in Panj, a residential zone of Urmia. In a way that the area consists of villas, commercial complexes, non-profit model schools, newly built buildings with resistant structures, residence of people with high social status such as doctors, capital owners, engineers, residential complexes.

The increasing expansion of cities which is affected by population growth and migration, has led to unplanned constructions and many changes in the spatial structure and physical development of cities. One of the major problems in urban planning due to the population growth and the lack of infrastructure facilities is determining the appropriate space for the physical development to satisfy the current needs and anticipate future needs. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the population as the main driver of changes in the future of the city. Considering the issue, this research tried to investigate the state of development and physical growth of Tabriz, considering the population of the city and the obstacles to its growth. To collect data, satellite images of Tabriz and document-library studies were used. For data analysis, 2016 Tabriz master plan and land use map (extracted for 1996 to 2022), as well as GIS, ENVI and TERRSET software were used. The ICM method was applied to predict urban growth. The findings showed that the direction of development of Tabriz is strongly affected by natural and human factors and will change the direction of development in the future. By examining the final map, the direction of development is determined. The future development of Tabriz will be towards the north and northwest. Finally, by predicting the population of Tabriz, its growth rate was adapted to the predicted population. At the end, some solutions were suggested to improve the current situation, which require the serious attention of managers and planners of this city.

The right to the city is defined as a new form of citizenship so that all citizens can control and participate in the production of urban space. As half of the society, women do not have the opportunity to enjoy urban spaces equally compared to men. In this regard, although the space may be shared and the genders share it, but this issue will be different depending on different places and times, and as a result, gendered spaces are formed. Considering the importance of the issue, the aim of this article is to identify the pattern of presence in the female space on the right to the city with a gender-selective approach. In terms of purpose, the present research is practical and based on the method of data collection, it is descriptive-analytical survey type. The statistical population of the research is made up of women of Ardabil city, among them, 384 questionnaires were administered using Cochran's formula in a simple random manner. was distributed To analyze the collected data, one-sample t-tests and Friedman's test were used for ranking in Spss software. Based on the findings of the research, gender segregation in women's spaces is evaluated by women at an unfavorable level, and overall, the amount of gender segregation in women's spaces is less than the average (theoretical mean = 3) of all the investigated indicators. The results of Friedman's test also indicate that social and cultural criteria are more influential on gender segregation.

UHI is a phenomenon whereby urban regions experience warmer temperatures than their rural surroundings. UHI influences well- being and welfare Average energy consumption and consequently, pollution and social equity of cities. Many factors contribute to urban heat island formation, as time (day and season), synoptic weather (wind, cloud), city form (materials, geometry, greenspace), city function (energy use, water use, pollution), city size (linked to form and function), geographic location (climate, topography, rural surrounds). Due to UHI adverse impacts on urban metabolism, ecological environment, the favourable living condition of cities and overall livability of cities, it has been an important research topic across various field of study and scholars gave more and more attention to it.  UHI has been studied for a long time, it was first described by Luke Howard in the 1810s. During the last decade Significant research efforts have been performed to evaluate the urban heat island phenomenon's impact on the urban environment. According the literature review the main goal of this study is; exploring the effect of Urban Morphology on UHI, in the Tabriz city.

This study is a correlation one. Be. In this research, ArcMap, ENVI and SPSS software have been used to generate data and apply relationships. To conduct this research, Landsat 8 images of OLI sensors at different dates for summer and winter have been used. In this study, to evaluate the UHI and influenced area of the city, the satellite images of land sat 8 OLI/ TIRS (thermal band 10) were used. The land sat 8 OLI/TIRS images that covered Tabriz summer and winter in the year of 2014 to 2019 were provided by USGS.
To perform radiometric correction of images from ENVI 5.1 software using FLAASH method. Flash is the first atmospheric correction tool that corrects visible wavelengths and infrared and infrared wavelengths of up to 3 micrometers. In the flash method, the Meta Data file is used to correct the desired bands, which include multispectral bands and thermal bands. For multispectral bands, radiance and reflection operations were performed, but for thermal bands, only radiance operations were performed. In this context, the Lowest and Highest  Position, Spatial Autocorrelation, Hot and Cold spots and finally multivariate Regression analysis were used.

The results of this study showed that the high temperature is most widespread in suburban areas especially in north west and south east rather than central parts of the city. According to the research findings, the average temperature of Tabriz in summer for the studied periods is equal to 37.7 ºC. also the average temperature varies in different years and does not show a specific trend. The average temperature of the city during the study period in winter is equal to 11.8 ºC. But according to the finding, the average temperature of the city in summer and winter is low compared to the surrounding areas. The average temperature difference between the city and surrounding areas is 33.7 ºC and 22.5 ºC in winter. Findings related to the autocorrelation pattern of Moran spatial analysis also show that the distribution of UHI in the city of Tabriz is clustered. The present study also showed that urban morphology can affect the intensity of Heat Islands. 
Based on the findings of regression analysis and calculated F (17.65) and the coefficient of significance obtaind at the level of 0.00, the predictor varizbles can well satisfy the behavior of the research dependent variable in the summer. For winter, the whole model can be generalized according to the calculated F (9.36) and significance coefficient (0.00).  on the other hand, the present study showed that the distance from the green space has an effect on the intensity of UHI, so that based on the findings of the study and calculated F(7.596) and significant level(0.00) this can be confirmed.

The present study sought to investigate the effect of urban morphology on the intensity of UHI. For this purpose, we used Landsat 8 satellite images and the technique of separate window algorithm to estimate the surface temperature. Spatial statistical analyzes such as Moran and Hot & Cold spots and multivariate linear regression were also used for analysis. In line with previous studies conducted in Iran, this study also showed that the temperature inside the city is cooler than the surrounding temperature and in a way in a city like Tabriz, we are facing cold islands instead of heat islands. The reason can be related to the compactness and high density of buildings in the cities, which requires further research. This study also showed that the surface temperature is affected by urban morphology and distance from green space. The research opens new field for future researches.

This research aims to study the degree of realization of land uses as recommended in "Tabriz Detailed Plan 2012" and its current situation in Tabriz. Also, it intends to identify the factors affecting the functional changes of land uses at "Abrasan -Mansour", "17Shahrivar Jadid St.", "Hafez-Abu Reyhan", and "Abu Reyhan-Nesferah" corridors. This research is an applied research that has resorted to a descriptive-analytical method. Excel and ArcMap were used for data pre-processing. The compliance and non-compliance of land uses were investigated based on the data obtained from the survey and the detailed plan map. The cross-tabulation was used in TerrSet to detect changes in land use patterns in the current state compared to the detailed plan. Then, the realization between Tabriz Detailed Plan 2012 and the current state was investigated using the chi-square test in SPSS software. Also, the legislation factors influencing the functional changes of land uses were considered. The results showed that the rate of realization of the detailed plan’s recommended land uses in the studied areas is at a low level. Also, there is a high degree of discrepancy between the function and land use. In the legislation factors, paragraph 24 of Article 55 of the Law on Municipalities, Article 100, and Article 5 Commissions have played the most significant role in the functional changes of land uses, respectively.

The purpose of this research is to examine the mental image of men and women. The present study was a descriptive-analytical one. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with a sample size derived from the Cochran formula and sketch maps. In analyzing the data obtained, comparative and descriptive tests and content analysis were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between men and women in terms of the mental image of urban spaces, and the mean value of the ranking showed that the mental image was stronger in men than that in women. Also, the mental image of men was more general than that of women, and women were more likely to shape their mental image in details. Men in their mental image presented themselves at all levels of the mental image hierarchy, called places with different points of gravity and with emphasis on paths. In contrast, women pointed out less to the names of the places while they focused more in their mental image on the most detailed maps, social and spatial interactions focusing on their habitat as a point of gravity, and their main emphasis was on landmarks.

The tourism industry, due to its nature, has many connections with the society and cultures of the origin and destination of tourism, and the management of these connections will play an essential role in the development of this industry. Social and cultural capitals are two critical concepts in this field, and today they play a fundamental role in the sustainable development of countries. This research attempts to investigate the role and position of these two types of capital in the “World Heritage” complex of the historical Bazaar of Tabriz in line with the development of the tourism industry. In this regard, the concepts of social and cultural capital are explained. After explaining the various functions of the old Bazaar complex, the structure and connections of their components are analyzed, and a theoretical-practical model is presented. Then, to understand the status of these two types of capital and their components in the old Bazaar complex, the primary data collected through interviews with the Bazaar residents were analyzed in the SPSS software. Based on the results, the component of trust in governmental institutions is at a low level among the Bazaars; Also, there are some conservatism attitudes towards transformations and cultural issues; by eliminating these issues through the use of social capital, it is possible to use the vast potential hidden in the Tabriz old Bazaar for the sustainable development of tourism.

Fossil fuels associated with urban landfills are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Studies indicate that one of the most effective ways to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere is to increase green space and afforestation in cities. This study aims to predict green space demand to absorb carbon footprints from fossil fuel consumption and landfill. Calculating greenhouse gas emissions through landfill is examined and evaluated for the first time in urban planning in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The raw data required for this study were obtained from reports on fossil fuel consumption and landfill in Tabriz. Also, the estimation method provided by the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran was used to indirectly calculate greenhouse gas emissions and a mathematical model designed by the US Environmental Protection Agency to estimate the volume of gas produced. The results indicated that the volume of CO2 emitted from 2013 to 2019 were, respectively, about 5,850,363 - 5,089,094 - 2,839,819 - 2,206,225 - 2,355,156 and 2,763,010 tons. Calculating the carbon footprint shows that the per capita green space needed to absorb CO2 for 2018-2019 is 943 m2. But the environmental rights needed to provide water for this amount of green space are not there due to the existing water crisis. Based on this and taking into account international proposals, it is necessary to invest in renewable energy, especially solar and wind energy, in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Also, the hybrid public transport fleet should replace gasoline and diesel vehicles.

Urban planning presents a wide range of difficulties, and conventional designs lack the effectiveness required to handle these difficulties. As a result, it is essential to provide solutions that are founded on cooperation and communication between various organizations, as well as the creation of networks that extend beyond hierarchical levels. Therefore, decentralization and the transferring  authority and power are raised as fundamental problems. To rethink society in this way, Manuel Castells proposes a network society as a new paradigm. This concept, along with its governing principles and guiding policies, must be taken into account. The network society proposes as a facilitating component in the interim, urban governance.

This research is based on purpose, fundamental, and qualitative, and adopts an explanatory-exploratory approach to systematically analyze resources and texts in network society and its place in urban planning. The research method used for the intended goal is qualitative content analysis; as defined by a definition of the studied literature. We extracted these concepts, and operational definitions based on theoretical discussions.In the second step, resource retrieval was performed based on keywords, title, and abstract, and in the third step, analysis and conceptual framework were developed.

From the viewpoint of the network society, the system of urban planning is an open, decentralized, and dialogue-oriented system in which activities are carried out freely and based on Virtualization. This means that a network society as the dominant form of social organization, is flexible and convergent, which replaces the hierarchical, vertical, and divergent structure.

Discusion: 

The process of urban planning and management is no longer a linear and one-sided process, according to recent developments in urban planning approaches. Instead, top-down planning has given way to bottom-up planning, governance has replaced government, and political communication has improved. Urban policies are fundamentally significant in this regard. Therefore, it is essential to integrate policies and pass sectoral policies that have impacted urban planning and management over the past few decades. Meanwhile, integration can be observed in various ways that strengthen policy coherence, avoid ineffective repetition, increase social learning, overcome weak sequences, and overcome intra-institutional stagnation and innovation. Urban governance is viewed as a method of structuring politics that, at higher levels of governance, calls for horizontal integration as opposed to a sectoral strategy. On the other hand, participatory network processes are highly valued in urban governance. In doing so, it substitutes the hierarchical administrative system for the network structure and integrates private and voluntary agents into this system. The local government's recognition of various abilities and skills has also encouraged the transfer of power from higher to lower levels.Castells' network society theory is one concept and theorythat must be paid attention to in order to implement a multi-sectoral and inter-sectoral strategy in urban planning and management. A decentralized society, a society based on knowledge, information, and communication technology, and a society where activities are carried out freely are thus the three basic tenets of the network society theory. However, for the network society to be realized in the interim, several important policies are required, such as a) creating new political spaces, so the governments were envisioned to be linked (local to regional, national, and international). The search for multi-level governance, or international policy discourses, is what defines politics in the network society; b) setting politics and policy-making in fundamental uncertainty that this new social awareness now presents a set of uncertainties about plans. Policymakers must therefore reevaluate their approach to addressing social uncertainties. The idea of a network society aids us in understanding the necessity and importance of dealing with issues like "trust," "interdependence," and "institutional capacity." c) increasing the importance of "difference" to our understanding of politics; d) taking actions to be aware of interdependence; and e) making policies and considering the dynamics of trust and identity. Achieving  a decentralized society is neither a prerequisite nor sufficient for achieving a networked society and effective urban governance. Instead, attention to agency, empowerment, and capacity building are also crucial factors. It implies that capacity is defined as the ability of a person, group, network, or society to complete a task or achieve a goal and that increasing capacity is defined as increasing power. Open culture and learning are  the key indicators in developing community capacity, knowledge, and skills; leadership; mutual trust and interaction; and social networks. The realization of a network society is defined as a participatory, interactive, discourse-oriented, and knowledge-oriented process. The shift from a hierarchical structure to a network structure is crucial considering recent developments in urban planning approaches and the appearance of new models in urban planning. The reason is that while man is involved in the process of urban planning and management as the subject of development in the network structure;  he is viewed as a tool and one of the development dimensions in the hierarchical structure. But in the interim, social capital—another significant factor—is also mentioned to prevent bargaining for personal interests. Social capital is characterized by behaviors that bind members of social networks and communities together and enable cooperative action. It also includes trust and mutual understanding between individuals.

Urban planning must take a pluralistic stance to create a city where people and their needs are prioritized over development as the main concern. The approach that is suggested as being the most adaptable and compatible in this case is the network society theory and consideration of its principles and policies.