ثریا رازقی

The objective of this study is to examine the issues that represent a threat to military security in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research aims to address the existential risks to military security in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh through a descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve this goal, it will examine the content of Shahnameh's verses. The Shahnameh is a paramount literary work that provides a comprehensive account of the political and social history of ancient Iran. Hence, by conducting a thorough analysis, the study scrutinizes the factors that pose a risk to military security and capitalize on Ferdowsi's astute approach to confronting security difficulties. The results indicate that Ferdowsi has effectively depicted the security aspect of society, particularly in relation to the military, in this exceptional piece of writing. Through a careful examination of the Shahnameh's narratives, it can identify four distinct categories that contribute to the creation of a perceived sense of danger and vulnerability to the country's military security. These categories include the assessment of military capabilities among rival factions, the dynamics of their changing relationships, and the geographical factors associated with the land. Geographical variables, historical circumstances, political factors, and the level of recognition and coordination among political players all contribute to the overall understanding and analysis of past conflicts and their impact. Therefore, understanding the intellectual basis of ancient Iranians in terms of achieving and preserving military security can enable the identification of the country's military threats and weaknesses. This knowledge can assist leaders and policymakers in implementing urgent measures to counter various threats and safeguard the nation's military security.

Nahj al Balagha, as an interpretation of Qur’an and one of the main principals of Islamic culture, has always invited human being to benefit of divine blessings and also try to get his share of daily life. S’adi being very well acquainted with Nahj al Balagha has written his longest anecdote of Golestan on the subject of poverty and wealth. Given the influence of religious teachings, in the writing of Golestan and its many similarities to religious works, especially the wisdom of Nahj al -Balagha, this article examines poverty in the "Saadi Conflict with the claimant" in Golestan's book and its comparison with Nahj al -Balagha's wisdom. Has extracted common concepts and themes; To make synergy in the power of work and more linking literature and religion This essay is an analytical descriptive text and has been used to prepare it from library resources. The results of this comparison show that both the effects of poverty are one of the most important obstacles to individual and social development and consider thanksgiving, contentment, purity, charity, charity, and forgiveness. ​In some ways, Saadi has been able to express the basis of poverty without any differentiation of understanding and corresponding to the wisdom of Nahj al -Balagha.

Simile is one of the prominent elements of imageries and its investigation has a significant effect on recognition of the poet"s style. This study deals with a linguistic-grammatical method i.e. Brook-Rose categorization method for deriving Khaghani"s similes in order to answer these questions: what are the prominent structural features of similes in Khaghani"s odes based on Brook-Rose categorization method? What fields are included in basic realms of vehicles in Khaghani"s odes?

This study applied descriptive-analytic method.

Upon using Brook-Rose quintet categorization method for Khaghani "s similes, the findings demonstrated that copula-attributive, genitive and pointing enjoy the highest frequencies respectively. Then, the genitive structure (concise simile) enjoys the highest frequency; Brook-Rose considers the usage of preposition "of" (an equivalent for "ا" in Persian language) in Khaghani"s odes as a method for establishment of this relationship. Khaghani used some methods for creating novel, concise and prominent simile in many cases; then, the third most frequent method is pointing method. Allegory method enjoys the highest frequency among other methods. Attributive method has the lowest frequency by using verb "making" among Brook methods. The things realm is the widest realm of vehicles in Khaghani odes.

Regarding Brook-Rose categorization, Khaghani used simile in most verses for the praised, its appurtenants, and self respectively. The highest usage of attribute and transformation is for "The Praised"; then the poet"s "self" and his appurtenants are boldly present in the categorization.

Each of the literary arts and crafts, if it lacks the element of creative art, shows itself only on the level of a work and remains as an imitation of the works before them! The industry of allusion, which is one of the most widely used literary techniques, is no exception, and the more artistic innovations in it, the greater its impact on the audience. Due to the fact that the industry of allusion reached a certain development and expansion in the Indian style, the poets of this period, including Biddle Dehlavi, also used this industry in their lyric poems. But at the same time, Biddle's view of allusion is not like that of his predecessors and contemporaries! Although Biddle is less Carterian in his use of the industry than his contemporaries, he has tried to innovate as much as he has. In this article, we have examined examples of Biddle's novel themes in Persian poetic allusions, which in many of the repetitive allusions used in Persian poetry, have added components to these allusions that before him, other poets from These angles did not look at the allusion.

 Hint is one of the most widely used literary techniques. Many literary industries may be vacant in the collection of poems of early or late poets, but the industry commonly found in poetry is allusive. Due to the fact that allusion has undergone a special change and expansion in the Indian style, Bidel Dehlavi, like other poets of the Indian style, used this industry in his lyric poems; At the same time, his view of allusion was not like that of his earlier and contemporary poets. Although Bidel is less efficient in using the industry than his contemporaries, he has tried to innovate more. In this article, by describing some of the verses in which the allusion is used, an attempt has been made to solve the semantic problems of these verses as much as possible and for those who are interested to have a better understanding of the themes of this famous poet.

 The method of work in this research, like most researches in the field of humanities, is descriptive-analytical and the use of library resources.

 Bidel is one of the least useful poets of Indian style in the use of Iranian allusions. But in his lyric poems, the names of lovers such as Majnoon and Farhad, along with Shirin and Lily, have a high frequency. Instead, Islamic teachings have a considerable frequency in his poems. Unlike the poems and Masnavi, which have made significant themes from the allusion to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Bidel has alluded to prophets such as Moses, Jesus, Jacob, and Joseph in his sonnets.

 Most of Bidel"s use of the allusion industry has been done by his capture of the narrative, story, and story in question, and more importantly, he has almost always had his own interpretation of the subject. In fact, in almost all cases, the use of allusion in his sonnets is associated with conveying a moral-religious message, even if we are dealing with a romantic story. He has also occasionally combined allusion with industries such as simile, equation, irony, paradox, and metaphor.

One of the most important discussions in simile is the pseudo-face discussion, based on which one can notice the innovation or imitation of the artist. The pseudo-face expresses the breadth of the poet's imagination and the indicator of his new mental world. The simile is divided into allegorical aspects in terms of being compound and singular, closeness and nostalgia, real and imaginary, unity and plurality, allegorical and non-allegorical, vulgar and unlikely, research and imaginative, and single and multiple. The pseudo-face is also divided according to grammar. In Khaghani's poems, the aspects of doubts are very diverse. Khaghani has created this diversity by using imaginative aspects. Since in traditional rhetoric the relationship between pseudo-face and two elements of simile is not discussed, in this article, based on Gutli's division, a new classification of pseudo-face is discussed in Khaghani's Divan in order to answer the question of how to use pseudo-face in How is Khaghani's divan related to "similar" and "similar"? Is there a specific pattern for the pseudonym in his divan? Which ultimately leads to the achievement of the purpose of the article or the achievement of Khaghani stylistic features in the use of pseudonyms.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.

Most of Khaghani's similes are imaginary. Although the aspect of Khaghani's suspicions in some verses is imaginative for both "similar" and "similar" elements, but these verses are not very numerous and are not considered as Khaghani's stylistic features; On the other hand, the aspect of suspicions that is real for one of the imaginary elements and real or expected for the other element, is considered as one of the characteristics of Khaghani's style because it has the majority of similes.

The face of Khaghani's doubts is in many cases the present face of doubts that gives character to "similar" or "similar" or that is interpreted in relation to similar. In Khaghani's poetry, we seldom come across verses that cannot be found in the form of character, forgiveness and symbolic interpretation. Khaghani has used the employment industry in a different way and has paid more attention to the virtual meanings of the words so that we can consider the use of this feature as one of the features of Khaghani style.

Minimalism an art style that is the basis of your work Based on simplicity of expression and themes devoid of philosophical complexity  or quasi-philosophical  has established. The authors of this style believe  that saving in words and shorthand, It causes beauty and increases the effect of words and rhetoric. The best examples of minimalism in classical Iranian literature for example, in the book of Rumi's Masnavi and its allegorical stories can be found. What can be said is whether the minimalist stories of Rumi's Masnavi can be fruitful and used in the field of education? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this study is to investigate the minimalism style of Masnavi allegorical stories in the field of children's education.The results show that by examining the Masnavi stories, many of the features and characteristics of minimal stories can be seen in them and on the other hand, due to the educational nature of Rumi's Masnavi book and given the cognitive limitations of children, minimalist Masnavi Stories is the best platform for expressing the educational , moral and social teachings of children and adolescents. Because long words and stories are not suitable for children and teenagers and does not fit into their capacity and it reduces its educational aspects. In children's literature that tends to simplify and make the stories real for objectification of the story space with the child's mentality, inevitably, short writing is essential and writers in this field are interested in using minimalist expression to convey their educational and training concepts to children. In this study, the author uses elements that are used to a minimum has been studied in Masnavi and also educational messages has found and analyzed stories that have common elements.

Objective of this study is to teach critical thinking through the stories of Rumi's Masnavi in order to  acquire life skills and the explanation of critical thinking in the education of the child., current research, first, it examines the importance of fostering critical thinking in children, then analyzes the stories in Rumi's Masnavi based on the skills of critical thinking and the importance of this thinking from the point of view of Lipman for the child. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This study seeks to answer the question whether the stories of Rumi's Masnavi meet the needs of children in terms of subject and structure in order to develop them philosophically?Findings show that more than 211 stories from Masnavi stories, in addition to being emotionally powerful, and potential challenges for cognitive processing in children.The structural feature of stories in an indirect way, the variety of appropriate topics of thinking, can affect children's thinking and lead to the formation of critical thinking skills such as: questioning, inference, etc and with the help of these skills, they will be able to clearly understand and evaluate the issues around them.

Shahmirzad is one of the oldest town locating in Semnan province .this city called as paradise of desert due to its fascinating gardens and excellent weather. its also famous because of deep bonding to our cultural values. People’s speaking style is derived and originated from combination of ancient Persian as well as partly Mazandaran’s people speaking style . Some verbs at this kind of vocalization are persisted and remained from old verbs form in the Dari’s Persian as well as ancient Persian . In this essay it is mentioned and clarified some resemblances ( in accordance with ancient scripts ) and also the most significant verbs construction which are widely common and used in this kind of dialect .With the intention of gathering this survey it is utilized some local source such as Jonge Maghsoud by Ghorbanali Maghsoudi and Asinak from another author Asmaeil Khaksar . Other information is based upon background as well as investigation of author birthing from parents who are shamirzadi’s speakers.